Exarn. Acadernic year
Reading. Yariant2.
Iteacilng.
Time:20 min.
You are going to read a newspaper article about Nicodemus
paper.
llilderness Project. Mark your answers on the separate piece
of
Litter,litter, everywhere and rarely a piece gets recycled. Why? It seems pretty simple to put litter
back into the recycling circle and thafs just what the Nicodemus Wilderness Project does after a cleanup.
The majority of the litter that we collect during our trail cleanups is recyclable. There are lots of glass
bottles, paper products, plastics, and aluminium cans littering our wild lands and waters. Removing this
litter from the shoreline, mountains, and other wildemess areas prevents wildlife injury and restores the
natural beauty of our environment. At the Nicodemus Wilderness Project we've even reused some of this
litter to make jewellery and other items.
Humans generate a staggering amount of trash everyday. Disposable products are some of the
prime causes of the problem and can be easily avoided in favour of products that require less or no
packaging. The packaging of products is what ends up on the beach, in the mountain sheam, and
underneath tle aspen grove. These bottles, cans, wrappers etc. spoil the outdoor experience for people and
often pose health and safety risks for wildlife. It's important to keep this liuer out of our wilderness areas
but equally important to reduce our dependence on these packages. Remember and live by the phrase:
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle!
Non-native vegetation has spread quickly throughout many parts of the world. The nafive grasses,
shrubs, and trees of the area axe frequently crowded out by invasive noxious vegetation. In many cases,
exotic vegetation is so successfirl because of environmental degradation that has occurred because of
man's activities (e.g., developmen! river regulation [dams and reservoirs], pollution, grazing etc.). In
these disturbed or manipulated habitats, the invasive vegetation can take hold and ultimately displace the
native vegetation.
Exotic vegetation in wilderness and other natural areas can be conkolled through persistent
removal, treatment, and monitoring. The goal of Nicodemus Wilderness Project is to continue exotics
removal in a variety of semi-disturbed habitats and to establish a monitoring/follow-up maintenance
progam for our project areas. Our focus has been on areas that are along the urban-suburban/wilderness
interface where disturbance is primarily a result of erosion or proximity to a seed source. What's a seed
source? Take a look in your baclryard. If you live in an urban or suburban area, chances are that you are
the source of the seeds that become exotic vegetation in nearby wilderness and other natural arear. Those
flowers, trees, and shrubs might look good at the local nursery but they simply don't belong in your yard.
One way you can make a difference is by pulling out that exotic vegetation and replacing ii with the
beautiful flowers, trees, and shrubs that are native to your area. You will improve ttre integrity of the local
ecosystem and have an amazing looking landscape as your reward.
Task
I
Msrkthe statements
as True ar False onyour answer sheet.
1. Most waste that is collected by the members of Nicodemus Wildemess Proiect team can be reused.
2. Products that can be thrown oirt rieht after use are favourable to the enviroiment.
3. One of the aims of Nicodemus Wildernes.s Project is to teach people use little or no packaging.
4. Exotic vegetation mav be poisonous for the enVronment.
5. BreedingTarrn animals tha:t eat prass can help remove non-native vesetation.
6. Nicodemus Wilde.rness Project-try to removie exotic vegetation prifiarily
in at the boarders between
and the countryside.
7. Nurseries are the primary seed sources of non-native vegetation.
Task 2 Machthefollawingwordswiththeir synorryms. In the tut thqt appear in bold
8. staggering
a. environment
9. shrub
b. nearness
^
10. noxious
c. bush
11. ultimately
d. harmful
12. habitat
e. clty
13. proximity
f. in the end
14. urban
g. incredible
cities
Questions lS-21
Read the nei,rF,,op",
artiiti'about a new E(J initiative and answer questions is-2j.
The Ewopean Cornmission will make proposals by *ia-zoog aiined
at creating a single European
market in the burgeoning sector of online music, films
gu*"r, it said on Thursday.
A rnajor objective
".,i
tacHe illegal downloads, which the Commiiion
saiO wqfe ais"ouruging many content
providers from making their prpducts available on the luternel
"Europe's'J"* r"",". is suffering ,nder
its regulatory fragmentation, under its lack of clear, consumer-fiiendly rules for
accessing copyrightprotected orline content and serious disagreements between stakeholders
about fuodamental issues such
as levies and private co-pying" EU Telecoms Commissioner Viviane
Reding *to t";;;;";.
T
spokesman said Reding did not u,ltimately exclude legislation
in the area but thlt was not the aim of the
present rroVe; which would start with a non-bindin! .""o*-"odation. ,'At
tie moment we are at .{he
beginning ofthe process," he told a news briefing. European technopw indusby association EJCTA weJcomed the
initiative but questioned whefher
the EU executive's decision to maksa non-binding recommendation
on fhe steps to ue taken rafher than
going straight for legislation was the right apprJach. "It means you
.*" ooi going to see any realiy
meaningfirl changes for cols'mer,s for ui_t*"i u couple of years,,,
said EICTA-Directcr General Mal.k
MacGann' citingthe aifficulty in downloading music contenticross
EU national borders.
The commislion s{d it expected the-EU market for online
*ot"ot to l*J"rpr* from l.g trillion
e11os ($2'7 billion) in 2005 to 8.3 billion in 2010 and
idenrified four *uio'*"* thar necded to be
addressed: 1) The reluctance of some owners of creafive
content to rriake it availabrle f,or oaiiae
distribution, for reasons such as con€rns over illegal downloads and
online pi"rt 2) The iaek of n:ult!t_?ottoty copydght licenses altrowing the use of content in several
or all EU rnember states,
3) Interoperabili-ty of so-c-alled Digital Rigfots Management systems, the technolcgies
that allcvy the
management of content rights and the fair remuneration of creators;
4) piracy of content.
The EU executive said it planned to launch codes of conduct'between
aceess and se*,ice
providers, rights holders und consurners to ensure the rvidespr%d
offer cf ccntest online and aCequate
protection of copyrighted works.
will be to
T1sk3
o
For sentences 15-21, choose the correct ending.
MorE
one'leuer (,\ B or C) on your Ans-yyer Sheet.
:.
15. The sestof of online musig n-'s *ia games
A- has almost collapsedB. is growing rapidty.
C. is,stiiqdy regulated.
16. Parfies inv-olvqd in online contead distribution disagree on
.d rules for accessing copyright-protected online content.
B. national regulations.
C. money and rights issues.
lT.lThe first aim of the current EU initidive is
' A to set rules that will bave the status of
&e law.
p B. to set nrles fhat will not have the status of the law.
i
;
C.
to keep the new rules brief.
I B. I EICTA wants the EU authorities
:,
A. to develop the laws protecting coppight for ontine content,
B- to develop the laws protecting
of online contelt"oo",,rn".,
c' to deal with the difficulties in downloading
music content across EU nationai borders
I 9.:The Commission expects the EU market for online"content
A. to grow 3 times by20IO.
, B. to grow 4 times by 2010.
: C. to grow 5 times by 2010.
20. The first issue the EU Commis5isn plans to address
is
A. online piracy.
' B. iilegal downloads.
C' unwillingness of some copyright holders to distribute content
on the Lrternet.
2 I . :The EU Commission plans to
launih
' A' new computer codes that will protect online content from illegal downloading.
B, new onling ssrvissr.
c. rules that wil reg'late relationships beflveen the stakerrolders.