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Sub atomic
particle
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Relative
charge
Relative mass
Location
Proton
+1
1
Nucleus
Electron
-1
Almost zero
Electron shells
Neutron
0 (neutral)
1
Nucleus
An atom where
number or protons and
electrons are the same
The charges cancel
out
The number of
protons inside the
nucleus of an atom.
What is inside at atom?
What is a neutral atom?
How do you calculate
the relative atomic
mass of an element?
It is the isotope with a
mass closest to the
relative atomic mass
of the element
The atomic number
What do use to work out
the number of electrons in
a neutral atom?
What is the
atomic number?
What is the mass
number?
Atomic structure
What are isotopes?
How do you work out
which isotope is the
most abundant?
The number of
protons plus the
number or
neutrons
How do you calculate
the number of neutron
inside an atom?
Atoms with the
same number or
protons but
different
numbers of
neutrons
Mass number – atomic number
Mendeleev:
•
Arranged the elements in order of increasing
atomic mass
•
left gaps for undiscovered elements
•
arranged elements according to their chemical
properties showing a trend or by their physical
properties
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positioned elements so that in vertical columns
in order of increasing atomic mass
•
arranged the elements in horizontal rows that
had similar properties
Elements are:
•
arranged in order of increasing
atomic number
•
grouped in vertical columns
according to their chemical
properties showing a trend
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How did Dimitri
Mendeleev organise the
early periodic table
How is the
modern period
table different?
The 1st shell holds 2 electrons maximum]
The 2nd shell holds 8 electrons maximum
The 3rd shell holds 8 electrons maximum
Each shell has to be completely full before the
next shell can be filled
The elements symbol is written in the centre of the
atom
The electrons are drawn as either dots or crosses
The electrons in the first shell are unpaired
The electrons in the 2nd and 3rd shell are paired
when there are more than 4 electrons
The configuration is written at underneath the
atom (it tells you the number of electrons in each
shell.)
• The vertical columns
• There are eight groups
• Groups 1-7 and group 0
What are the groups in
the periodic table?
What are the rules
for writing the
electronic
configuration for the
atoms of elements?
• The group number tells you how many electrons
are in the outer shell (the last shell).
• E.g. all the elements in group 1 have one electron
in their outer shell
Periodic table and
electronic
configuration
What does the period
(horizontal row) number
tell you?
• The number shells an atom has
• For example all the elements in
period 1 have one shell
• All the elements in period 2 have two
shells
What does the group
number tell you?
What are the periods in
the periodic table?
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The horizontal rows
The first period contains Hydrogen and Helium
Period 2 starts with lithium and ends with neon
Period 3 starts with sodium and ends with argon