Lipids
C
CARBOXL
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Fats and oils are part of a large group called
Lipids.
Lipids are a family of chemical compounds
that are a main component in every living cell.
Lipids
1.
2.
3.
We get lipids by eating plants and
animals that eat plants.
Plants make lipids by adding small
molecules together.
Glycerol + C+C+C+C+C+C+C+C+C++++
Lipids Main Functions
1) Fuel for the body – 9 kcalories/gram
2) Keep the body warm: Homeostasis
Insulation under skin keeps body at 98*.)
Cushions around vital organs.
3.) Cell Membranes
4.) Keep hair and skin supple.
Phospholipids
A. Dissolve in fat & water
B. Emulsifiers - Hold water & lipids together:
C. Make phospholipids bi-layer in all cells
+4
 Structure

Composed of
of Lipids
CHO
FATTY ACIDS: Carbon chains w/Hydrogen
+ carboxyl group at one end.
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CARBOXYL GROUP
R = rest of molecule
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Acetic Acid is the simplest fatty acid with 2
carbons.
Draw the diagram of it here.
Circle the carboxyl group of your acetic acid.
Saturated Fat


IT IS COMPLETE FULL OR SATURATED WITH
HYDROGEN. (You can’t get any more attached.)
They are found in foods from animals.
Unsaturated Fat
 They have some double bonds & can hold
more hydrogen.
Two Kinds of Unsaturated Fats:

Monounsaturated Fat:

Have 1 double bond

Found in OLIVE OIL, and other plant oils
Oleic Acid – 1 double bond

Poly-unsaturated Fats

Have double bonds
 Found in plant OILS
 Linoleic Acid – 2 double bonds
 Linolenic Acid – 3 double bonds
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Lipids and proteins are needed for
growth and repair of the body.
It is ESSENTIAL we get C H O from food
For every cell in our bodies.
Sources: Oils in vegetables, grains, nuts, seeds and soybeans
Fats and cholesterol in meat from animals
Triglycerides
1.
2.
3.
Largest class of lipids
90%+ more of fats in the body
Include nearly all of the fats & oils
Triglycerides make up 90% in our food.
They are made of a glycerol head and 3 long
tails of saturated and unsaturated lipids.
Show What You Know
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
YOYO: List 3 oils and 3 fats
SB: Add two more to your list
YOYO: What is the sources of most oils?
SB Share your list and add 3 sources of
most fats?
Draw a picture of saturated fats
Draw a picture of unsaturated fats
Draw a picture of polyunsaturated fat
Draw a picture of triglycerides.
Check your drawings with your SB.

Lipids in your diet become lipids in
your body.
Fats are absorbed
by the villa in the
small intestine.

Sterols
A.
Cholesterol is a sterol.
C27H45OH. C+C+C+C+
B. Found in
Cell’s membrane.
C. Arteries
Cholesterol

Why is Cholesterol necessary?

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Produces vitamin D
Cell Membranes
Hormones: Messengers
Estrogen
 Cortisone
 Testosterone
 Insulin
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The liver makes all the
cholesterol the body needs.
Extra Cholesterol may lead to
PLAQUE: sterols with calcium and
smooth muscle cells.
Plaque lodges in artery
walls reducing blood flow
which may lead to death.
You do not need to eat foods with
cholesterol.
Foods High in Cholesterol
Eggs, Red Meat, Sea Food, Butter, Bacon,
Hot Dogs, Cookies, Fast Food, Cheese,
Pie Crust, Pepperoni, Hot Pockets
Vegetables low cholesterol in the body!
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The heart has to work harder to push
blood through clogged arteries
It raises blood pressure.
Atherosclerosis
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The hardening of the arteries: The
arteries become less flexible.
May lead to early death
Transfats are
Manmade
Fast Foods
Margarine
Baked Foods
Processed
Foods/Meats
Clog up your arteries faster than
every other kind of lipid.
1. YOYO What are 3 sources of transfats?
2. SB add 3 sources of transfats to your list.
3. 3. Share with the class.