Name: _______________________
Date: _____________ Class: _____
Chapter 23 Guided Reading: Communicable Diseases
Lesson 1

___________________________ a disease that is spread from one living organism to another through the
environment. Such illnesses are also known as __________________ and _________________ diseases.

Communicable diseases occur when __________________ enter your body. If your body does not fight off the
invaders quickly and successfully, you develop an ________________, a condition that occurs when pathogens in
the body multiply and damage body cells.

Two of the most common communicable diseases ______________ and ______________are caused by viruses. A
virus is a ___________________________________________________________________________________.

___________________ do not work against viruses.

Bacteria are _______________________________________ that live almost everywhere on earth. Diseasecausing bacteria can produce ___________, substances that kills cells or interfere with their functions.

Other types of organisms that can cause communicable diseases include the following: _____________,
______________, and _______________.

Knowing how diseases are ________________ is your first line of defense against them.

Many pathogens are transmitted through direct contact with an infected person. This includes:
____________________________________________________________________________________________.

Pathogens are often spread by a __________, an organism that carries and transmits pathogens to humans or
other animals. Common vectors include: ____________________________________.

_______________________________________ is the single most effective way to protect yourself from catching
or spreading disease.
Lesson 2

Many communicable diseases occur in the _________________________ , the passageway that makes breathing
possible. This passage way includes the ___________________________________________________.

Colds, influenza, pneumonia, strep throat, and tuberculosis are the most common _________________________.

The common cold is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the ___________ ________________.

Influenza, or the flu, is a viral infection of the _______________ _________.

In severe cases, the flu can lead to __________________, an infection of the lungs in which the air sacs fill with pus
and other liquids.

Pneumonia can be cause by a ______________________________________________.

Strep throat is a _____________ _____________ spread by direct contact with an infected person or through
airborne transmission.

Tuberculosis or (____) is a bacterial disease that usually attack the _________. It spreads through the air.

___________________ is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the liver. There are five different types of
hepatitis but the most common types are A, B, and C. Symptoms include ______________, a yellowing of the skin
and eyes. Some people also develop _____________, or scarring of the liver.
Name: _______________________
Date: _____________ Class: _____
Chapter 23 Guided Reading: Communicable Diseases
Lesson 3

There are two kinds of barriers that help protect you: ________________ and _________________. Physical
barriers such as ______, block pathogens from invading your body. Chemical barriers, such as the enzymes in
_______, destroy those invaders.

Your _____________ ______________ fights pathogens using two major strategies: inflammatory response and
specific defenses.

An Inflammatory response is a ___________________________________________________________________.

In addition to the inflammatory response the immune system triggers specific defenses in reaction to certain
pathogens. This process is called the _____________ _____________.

_____________, substances that can trigger an immune response.

_____________, the state of being protected against a particular disease.

The ________________, a specialized white blood cell that coordinates and preforms many functions of specific
immunity, plays an important role in the _______________ ______________. There are two types of lymphocytes:
__ cells and __ cells.

B Cells have just one job: producing antibodies. An ____________ is a protein that acts against a specific antigen.

The different purposes of antibodies include:
o
______________ to antigens to mark them for destruction
o
______________ invading pathogens
o
______________ viruses from entering body cells

There are two types of immunity: _____________ and ______________.

Vaccine, a preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that are introduced into the body to ________________
an immune response.

Agencies such as the ________________________________ and the ____________________________________
keep a constant watch on the spread of diseases around the world.

______________________ reduces the number of people who are at risk for a communicable disease.
Lesson 4

Other ____________ _______________ with serious health concerns include HIV/AIDS, Lyme disease, West Nile
Virus, SARS, Mad Cow Disease.

An ____________ is a disease outbreak that affects many people at the same place and at the same time.

Sometimes a disease becomes a _____________ --- a global outbreak of an infectious disease.

Pathogens become drug-resistant in a three-step process:
o
Pathogens _______ the body and cause illness.
o
______________ attack the pathogens.
o
The pathogens that survive the antibiotics _____________, creating a new generation of drug-resistant
pathogens.