CHINA Location People and Language Family system East Asia - 4th largest country in the world - 22 provinces - 5 autonomous regions - 4 municipalities - 2 special administrative regions - Land mass: 9.6 Million Km2 - Capital: Beijing Population : 1.4 Billion as of 2018 Language - Mandarin ( (Pǔtōnghuà) Other languages: Yue (Cantonese), Xiang (Hunanese), Min dialect, Gan dialect, Wu dialect, Kejia or Hakka dialect Europe - 80th largest nation in the world - 4 countries (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) - Land mass: 241,930 Km2 - Capital: London In accordance with Confucian customs many families keep careful genealogical records on bloodlines, achievements, even graveyards. Family relationships and personal commitment to kinship ties remain close; 80 percent think relatives are more important than friends; Family life is changing, and there are tensions between kinship ties and some contemporary social values. However, the great majority of people perceive themselves to be part of multigenerational families and regard these relationships as very important. Traditionally, sons and their wives lived with the son's parents until the parents died at which time the sons divided the household and property. According to November 2010 by China's National Committee on Aging, more than half of all Chinese over the age of 60 now live separately from their adult children, That percentage shoots up to 70 percent in some major cities. At the same time, “younger generations are moving away from their parents and quickly developing different values." [Source: Sharon Lafraniere, New York Times, January 29, 2011] Average income of people UN IT E D KIN G D OM Average income 9,942 Yuan per month per person. (Shanghai)- (1,440 USD/month/person) Population : 66.7 Million as of 2018 Language - English Other languages: Scotish, Anglic, Celtic, Welsh, Mixed, etc. The United Kingdom is a crowded country. People cope with this situation by being reserved and diffident in public, politely ignoring strangers, quietly minding their own business, and marking out and defending their private spaces, homes, and gardens. They expect others to do the same. AMERICA North America - 3rd largest country in the world - 50 states; 10 regions - 5 districts – East coast, Midwest, Gulf Coast, Rocky Mountain, West Coast - Land mass: 9.834 Million Km2 - Capital: Washington D.C. Population : 327 Million as of 2018 Language - English Other languages: Spanish, Chinese, French, Tagalog The traditional family structure in the United States is considered a family support system involving two married individuals providing care and stability for their biological offspring. Over time, the transtructure has had to adapt to very influential changes, including divorce and the introduction of single-parent families, teenage pregnancy and unwed mothers, and same-sex marriage, and increased interest in adoption. Social movements such as the feminist movement and the stay-at-home father have contributed to the creation of alternative family forms, generating new versions of the American family. Nuclear family, single parent, step families, extended families. Source: https://www.everyculture.com/To-Z/UnitedKingdom.html#ixzz5UqilblOy Average income is 27,600 Euros per year per person. (2,617 USD/month/person) Average income is 58,829 USD per year per household and about 3,714 USD/month/person. UN IT E D KIN G D OM a. Spring (March - May) c. d. CHINA Summer (June- August) Winter (January-February) Spring (March-May) Autumn (September-November) Religion a. b. c. d. e. Buddhism Catholicism Daoism Islam Protestantism a. b. c. d. e. Catholic Protestant Baptist Methodist Islam Health beliefs, traditions and practices 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Traditional Chinese Medicine Chinese Herbal Medicine Japanese Herbal medicine Tibetan Medicine Traditional Vietnamese Medicine Acupuncture Moxibustion, Cupping & Coin rubbing Western medicine Combination of these beliefs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Goat’s gall and honey for cancer Ashed dog’s skull and human skin Smoke from burning pine tree for stroke Quake doctors Weather Health programs a. b. Under the "Healthy China 2020" initiative, China is currently undertaking an effort to cut healthcare costs, and the government requires that insurance will cover 70% of costs by the end of 2018. The Chinese government is working on providing affordable basic healthcare to all residents by 2020. Health Insurance: (Source: Zhou, 2018) 1. University health insurance policies- If you are going to work or study at a university, it’s normal b. Summer (June - August) c. Autumn (October - December) d. Winter (January - February) f. Hinduism, g. Sikhism h. Judaism i. Buddhism Rub the wart with small meat and then bury the meat 6. Touch of king and queen 7. Copper bracelets and rings to treat colic, rheumatism, gallstones, etc. 1. The “National Health Service (NHS)” - medical, unemployment, maternity, and retirement benefits, among others. Employers and employees contribute to this fund; every resident access to free medical care 2. Family doctors, specialists, and dentists also received payment from the government for treating patients, although any doctor or patient can practice privately or pay for private medical care. AMERICA Northern hemisphere a. Spring – March - May b. Summer - June - August c. Autumn – September - November d. Winter – December - February a. b. c. d. e. f. Christianity (73.7%) Judaism (2.1%) Islam (0.8%) Other non-Christian religion (2.5%) Unaffiliated (18.2%) Unanswered (2.7%) Herbal medicines – St. John’s Wort, Ginkgo Biloba, Soy and Kava b. Alternative therapies : b.1. From China: Yoga, Tai Chi, Qi Gong b.2. Probiotics b.3. Melatonin b.4. Acupuncture b.5.Reiki b.6. Roseroot b.7. Fecal transplants b.8 Fish oil supplements b.9. Coconut oil b.10. Cannabis 1. Childcare and Related Issues - Adoption, foster care and other issues - Kinship care - Benefits and financial care - Child abuse and neglect programs 2. Health Information from the Government - Alzheimer’s, Genetic and rare diseases information center, Indian health service, Mental health, Substance abuse and mental health, Smoke free, Vaccines, CDC, Health.gov, Healthfinder.gov, MedlinePlus, WomensHealth, HealthCare.gov, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid/CHIP, NCD, a. Health institutions for them to provide health insurance. However, university health insurance is far from ideal. This type of insurance only covers treatment at the university hospital. 2. Chinese health insurance- variety among Chinese health insurance policies, the majority of them, especially if they are cheap, only cover public hospital costs; you pay out of your pocket first and then later file a claim with the insurance company to reimburse you. 3. International Health Insurance -the most convenient but the most expensive; When in international hospitals, you won’t need to go to the cash register every time you go to the hospital, as your doctor’s bills will be sent directly to your insurance provider 3. Free medical care and successful efforts to promote better health, diet, and working conditions have meant that people live much longer. 4. The care of the frail elderly has consumed an increasing amount of resources; as have advances in treating diseases. 5. Governments' attempts to control the costs of health care inevitably result in the covert rationing of resources, which conflicts with the principle of the citizen's right to high-quality free care when it is needed. 6. The National Assistance Board provides financial assistance to the poor. Classification of Hospitals: a. Primary – town hospitals, less than 100 beds; preventive care, minimal health care and rehabilitation services b. Secondary- medium size city, county or district, more than 100 beds, but less than 500; comprehensive health services, as well as medical education and conducting research on a regional basis c. Tertiary- comprehensive or general hospitals at the city, provincial or national level, more than 500 beds; specialist health services, perform a bigger role with regard to medical education and scientific research and they serve as medical hubs providing care to multiple regions Classification of Hospitals: 1. National Health Service (NHS) hospitals which are free 2. Independent hospitals run by private companies or charities which usually charge for services. - NDRN, Special Education agencies, National Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, etc. 3. Medications Medication information, prescription drugs, pet medications, dangerous medications, dietary supplements, imported drugs 4. Vaccines and Immunizations Where to get vaccines, coverage of costs, vaccine injury reporting 5. Doctors and Medical Facilities Insurance plans, mental health services, pregnancy services, doctor accreditations, health care facilities, health care costs, long term care 6. Health Insurance Medicaid, CHIP, Medicare 7. Mental health and Substance Abuse Depression, substance abuse, Drug-free work place programs, help lines, treatments, etc. Read more: https://www.everyculture.com/ToZ/United-Kingdom.html#ixzz5UqpXQegr **** Florence Nightingale laid the foundation of modern nursing with the establishment of her nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London. It was the first secular nursing school in the world, now part of King's College London. Nightingale wrote Notes on Nursing in 1859 and served as the cornerstone of the curriculum at the Nightingale School and other nursing schools. Types of hospitals according to functionality: a. general-purpose e. community hospitals, b. teaching hospitals f. research hospitals c. acute care facilities g. trauma hospitals d. long-term hospitals Types of hospitals according to size: a. Small hospitals: Fewer than 100 beds b. Medium hospitals: 100 to 499 beds c. Large hospitals: 500 or more beds Nursing Education 1. Nursing Education in UK: 1. Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing 2. Diploma in Nursing 3. Specialist education, Advanced Nursing Practice 4. Masters and Doctoral programs 5. Research, Education and Management 2. 3. 4. Source: Xu, et al , 2000 5. Diploma degree Bachelors Degree Masters Degree Doctoral Degree 6. 7. 8. Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) and Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN)- training programs are approximately one year long. An LPN/LVN works under the direction of a registered nurse. Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN)- training program can take between 15 months and two years to complete. An ADN registered nurse can treat, educate patients, and provide emotional support to patients' family members. The Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) is a four-year program offered at many colleges and universities throughout the United States Accelerated BSN programs are often referred to as seconddegree programs and are generally geared towards students who have received a prior degree. These accelerated baccalaureate programs offer the quickest route to becoming a registered nurse and commonly run 12–18 months long RN to BSN program - designed for the ADNs who want to convert their studies to a Bachelor of Science (BSN) qualification. Programs are available both on campus and online. RN to BSN online programs are a popular choice among students who want to keep learning while working. Master of Science Nursing programs (MSN) - Adult Nurse Practitioner (ANP), Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP), Neonatal Nurse Practitioner (NNP), Nurse Educator (NE), Pediatric Nurse Practitioner (PNP), Women's Health Nurse Practitioner (WHNP) Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist program (CRNA) typically lasts from 1 to 2 years. CRNA students learn anesthesia techniques, test theory, and how to apply knowledge to clinical problems Many MSN programs are being phased-out and are being replaced by Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs. These DNP programs primarily focus on training students in research methods including, statistics and data analysis, history and philosophy of nursing science, and leadership skills. Most DNP programs require 25 credit hours more than an MSN, and typically last between 18 and 30 months. Source: https://www.internationalstudent.com/study-nursing/nursing-programs-inthe-us/ Location People and Language Family system BRAZIL South America - 5th largest country in the world 5 regions: North, Northeast, Center-West, Southeast and South - 26 states - Land mass: 8.51 Million Km2 - Capital: Rio de Janeiro Population : 211.3 Million as of 2018 Language: Portuguese Other languages: Pomeran, German, Italian NIGERIA Western Africa - 32nd largest country in the world - 4 regions (1963): Western, Mid-western, Eastern and Northern Land mass: 923,768 km2 - Capital: Abuja Family is the foundation of the Brazilian social structure. The nuclear family has strong ties to the extended family, which includes cousins, aunts, uncles, grandparents, godparents (padrinhos) and close friends. There are two major family types; the nuclear family, which is made up of one man, his wife, and their unmarried children, and the extended family, which is usually made up of a series of nuclear families. ... In Nigeria, having many children is fashionable and is a status symbol. It is quite common to find three generations living under the same roof. Married children tend to live in a house or apartment near the parents. Placing elderly relatives in nursing facilities is unusual. Grandparents usually live with their children and may participate in community activities for the elderly. Population : 197.36 Million as of 2018 Language: English (British) Other languages: Igbo, Yoruba, Hausa, Urhobo, Ibibio, Edo, Fulfulde, Kanuri, and Igala. NE W ZE ALAND Australia and Oceania - 75th largest country in the world 16 regions: seven in the South Island and nine in the North Land mass: 268,021 km2 Capital: Wellington Population : 4.76 Million as of 2018 Language: English (New Zealand) and Maori Other languages: Samoan 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Extended family Solo-parent households Families with lesbian or gay parents Blended families Different family practices Source: http://family.jrank.org/pages/1210/NigeriaFamilies-in-Nigeria.html Source: http://www.ldldproject.net/cultures/ brazil/differences/family.html Average income of people Average income is 678.90 USD/month/person Average income is 480 and 645 USD per person per month. (Middle class) Average income is 2,028.57 per month per person Weather Religion Health beliefs, traditions and practices Health programs a. b. c. d. BRAZIL Spring (October-December) Summer (January-March) Winter (July-September) Autumn (April-June) 5 distinct climactic regions: equatorial, tropical, semi-arid, highland tropical and subtropical. a. Catholic b. Protestant c. Methodist d. Episcopal e. Pentecostal f. Lutheran g. Baptist Native tribal groups are known to almost exclusively practice traditional medicine. Among the plants include edible foods like cashew, peppers, mangosteen and coconut, but often include inedible parts like the fruits, leaves, husk, bark. The government managed Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, known as SUS) provides a broad range of NIGERIA 2 Seasons: • Spring - September, October, November. a. Rainy season (June-September) b. Dry season (October – May) • • Summer - December, January, February. Autumn - March, April, May. • Winter - June, July, August. *Mostly hot and dry season that reaches up to 40 oC * a. Islam b. Christian - Protestant, Catholic, Anglicans, Baptist c. Bahai Faith d. Hinduism Traditional healers make use of herbs, that is, medicinal plants or parts of such plants, sometimes, small whole animals like snails, snakes, chameleons, etc; and inorganic residues like salt, alum, camphor, and insects like bees, black ants etc. in the treatment of maladies. a. Palm oil- itching and poison b. Incisions to get rid of bad blood c. Urine to treat conjunctivitis d. Salt and water – stomach problems and infection e. Divination and spiritual solutions – treat maladies and ailments perceived to be unnatural. Health concerns in Nigeria: Maternal and Child health, Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, Malaria a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. Catholic (12.61%) Anglican (11.79%) Presbyterian (8.47%) Other Christianity (15.14%) Hinduism (2.11%) Buddhism (1.50%) Islam (1.18%) Other religions (1.53%) Undeclared (4.44%) No religion (41.92%) Rongoā Māori is the traditional Māori healing system. This ancient lore, including plant use, massage, and incantations, has been passed down through many generations. a. spiritual healing b. the power of karakia c. the mana of the tohunga (expert) d. by the use of herbs. *Abortion is legal in New Zealand Source: https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/discover-collections/read-watchplay/maori/maori-medicine a. Accident Compensation Corporation b. District Health Board c. Primary Care free health care which can be accessed without registration by any legally situated person in Brazil, including foreign residents. The SUS covers doctor's and laboratory fees, hospital accommodation, surgeries, drugs and an excellent primary care for families in poor areas. Source: https://www.justlanded.com/english/Brazil/BrazilGuide/Health/Public-health-care-in-Brazil 1. Family planning, including training public health workers and improving access to quality medicines, vaccines, medical facilities, and reproductive health materials 2. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) 3. National Tuberculosis Program 4. U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) District health boards (DHBs) are responsible for providing or funding the provision of health services in their district. Disability support services and some health services are funded and purchased nationally by the Ministry of Health. Their objectives include: 1. 2. 3. 4. improving, promoting and protecting the health of people and communities promoting the integration of health services, especially primary and secondary care services seeking the optimum arrangement for the most effective and efficient delivery of health services in order to meet local, regional, and national needs promoting effective care or support of those in need of personal health services or disability support. Source: https://www.health.govt.nz/new-zealand-health-system/key-health-sectororganisations-and-people/district-health-boards Health institutions 78% of hospitals practice general medicine while 16% are specialized and 6% provide outpatient care only. 50% of hospitals in Brazil can be found in 5 states including São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and Parana. Over 55% of public hospitals have less than 50 beds. An estimated 25% of the population is covered by at least one form of health insurance; 75% of the insurance plans are offered by commercial operators and companies with self-managed plans. Source: "Ministry of Health; Registry of healthcare facilities and their installations 1. Teaching hospitals 2. Federal hospitals 3. Specialty hospitals 1. Public hospitals In the public system, essential healthcare services are provided free for all New Zealanders and people in New Zealand on a work permit valid for two years or longer. 1.1. District health boards funded by the government 1.2. Primary Health Care- out of hospital care; some are government funded 1.3. Primary Health Organization- local structure for delivering and coordinating PHC 2. Private hospitals - includes specialist services, primary care and private hospitals which provide non-urgent and elective treatments that complement the public health service's focus on urgent and essential treatments Nursing Education 1. Degree in Nursing 2. Bachelor of Science in Nursing 3. Master of Science in Nursing: Adult Gerontology Nurse Practitioner-Primary Care 4. Master of Science in Nursing: Adult Gerontology Nurse Practitioner – Acute Care 5. MSc in Nursing with Emphasis in Health Care Informatics 6. Doctor of Nursing Practice Source: https://www.healthcarestudies.com/Bachelor/Nursing /Brazil/S%C3%A3o-Paulo/ Buddhist The principles of Buddhist philosophy (The Core Beliefs in Buddhism) in practice are: The Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path and The Five Precepts.... Unsatisfactoriness and suffering exist and are universally experienced. Desire and attachment are the causes of unsatisfactoriness and suffering. Catholics Catholics are, first and foremost, Christians who believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God. Catholicism shares some beliefs with other Christian practices, but essential Catholic beliefs include the following: The Bible is the inspired, error-free, and revealed word of God. • Believes in faith, sacraments and good work • The church interprets the bible • Priests who teach people cannot marry • Priests are appointed by the church • 7 sacraments (baptism, confession, confirmation, marriage, priesthood (holy orders), anointing of the sick) Basic/fundamental nursing- 3 year-course Post basic Midwifery learning-18 monthcourse c. Post Basic Preoperative Nursing Course-1 year course d. General nursing study; Nursing Specialties studies, Med/Surgical Nursing, Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Basic Sciences and Preoperative Nursing. Every one of these sub-departments has Head of Department who works unswervingly with the office of the Deputy Director of Nursing Education. a. b. Protestantism Central to the Christian religion and a conviction that all Christians share is the belief in Jesus Christ, the son of God, who was sacrificed for the redemption and salvation of humanity from sin. Among the most significant concepts in Christianity are Christ's death and rise from the dead, called the Resurrection. • Believes in faith alone • Individuals interpret the bible • Priests who teach people can get married • People can select priests • 2 sacraments (baptism and eucharist Islam Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam, Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the unaltered and final revelation of God. a. b. c. d. e. f. Diploma of enrolled Nursing Bachelor of Nursing Bachelor of Health Science Post registration Post graduate Doctoral studies Daoism Chinese philosophy to signify the fundamental or true nature of the world: simplicity and selflessness in conformity with the Tao, leading a life of nonpurposive action, a life expressing the essence of spontaneity.. Taoism, also known as Daoism, arose about the same time as Confucianism.
