WIRE BREAK ALARM
A PROJECT REPORT ON
WIRE BREAK ALARM
Submitted In fulfillment of the requirement for
The award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Under the Esteemed Guidance of
Mrs.M.Samrajyam M.Tech
Assistant Professor, Dept. of E.C.E
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Vignan’s Nirula Institute of Technology And Science For Women
(Affiliated to JNTUK & approved by AICTE)
Vignan’s Avenue, Pedapalakaluru -522005,
Guntur (Dist.), A.P.
DEPARTMENT OF ECE [VNITSW]
WIRE BREAK ALARM
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report entitled “WIRE BREAK ALARM” the
bonafide work carried out by in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Technology in the Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, from J.N.T.U, Kakinada during the year 2018-2022 under
the supervision and guidance.
Project guide
Head of the Department
Mrs. M.Samrajyam M.Tech,
Dr. G. Sandhya Ph.D
Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF ECE [VNITSW]
WIRE BREAK ALARM
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We wish to avail this opportunity to thank Dr. P. Radhika, Principal Vignan’s
Nirula Institute of Technology &Science for women for her continuous support, and
giving valuable suggestions during the entire period of the project work.
We take this opportunity to express my gratitude to Dr. G. Sandhya, Head of
the Department for the great help and encouragement to do this project work.
We would like to express our unbounded gratefulness to our guide
Mrs.M.Samrajyam, Assistant Professor in the Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering for his valuable support and motivation at every point in
the successful completion of the project.
We wish to thank all teaching and non-teaching staff of the Electronics and
Communication Engineering Department for giving valuable suggestions in the
completion of the project.
DEPARTMENT OF ECE [VNITSW]
WIRE BREAK ALARM
DECLARATION
We, hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this dissertation entitled
”WIRE BREAK ALARM” submitted towards the fulfillment of requirements for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and communication
engineering at Vignan‘s Nirula Institute of Technology & Science for women,
Pedapalakaluru is an authentic record of our work carried out under the supervision of
Mrs.M.Samrajyam, Assistant Professor Department of E.C.E, Vignan‘s Nirula
Institute of Technology & Science for Women, Pedapalakaluru.
The matter embodied in this dissertation report has not been submitted by us for the
award of any other degree. Further, the technical details furnished in the various
chapters in this report are purely relevant to the above project and there is no
deviation from the theoretical point of view for design, development, and
implementation.
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. 1
CHAPTER 1 .......................................................................................................................... 2-4
DEPARTMENT OF ECE [VNITSW]
WIRE BREAK ALARM
1.1
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 2
1.2
BLOCK DIAGRAM…………………………………………………………………3
1.3
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM……………………………………………………………….4
CHAPTER 2 .......................................................................................................................... 5-9
POWER SUPPLY ....................................................................................................... 5
TRANSISTOR ......................................................................................................... 6
LED ............................................................................................................................. 7
RESISTOR…………………………………………………………………………...8
BUZZER……………………………………………………………………………..9
CHAPTER 3 ........................................................................................................................... 10
RESULT .................................................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................... 11
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES ................................................................ 11
APPLICATIONS ............ ......................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER .………………………………………………………………………………….12
FUTURE SCOPE……………………………………………………………………12
CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………...12
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 13
DEPARTMENT OF ECE [VNITSW]
WIRE BREAK ALARM
LIST OF FIGURES:
1. Figure 1.1 Block diagram of WIRE BREAK ALARM ....................................................... 2
2. Figure 1.2 CIRCUIT Diagram ...................................................................................... 3
3. Figure 2.1 Block Diagram of Power Supply ................................................................. 4
4. Figure 2.2 Circuit Diagram of Power Supply………………………………………………...4
5. Figure 2.3 Transistor 2N2222A ................................................................................... 5
6. Figure 2.4 LED.............................................................................................................. 6
7. Figure 2.5 Resistor 1k ................................................................................................... 7
8. Figure 2.6 Resistor 220k…...…………………………………………………………..7
9. Figure 2.7 BUZZER .................................................................................................... .8
DEPARTMENT OF ECE [VNITSW]
WIRE BREAK ALARM
WIRE BREAK ALARM
DEPARTMENT OF ECE [VNITSW]
WIRE BREAK ALARM
ABSTRACT
To give an security to large areas like a house, industries, offices .
The project is designed to generate an alarm signal in the event of breaking of a wire
in loop. This project uses a buzzer to alert the user. This system is built with a
transistor which acts as a switch. When switch is ON power supply is given to the
circuit. When wire breaks the buzzer will be activated. This buzzer sounds until the
wire loop is connected. This project in future can be extended by interfacing it with
GSM modem so that whenever the loop breaks, an alert message is sent to user via
SMS.
Department of ECE [VNITSW]
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WIRE BREAK ALARM
CHAPTER 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Nowadays security is very important in all aspects. To keep precious things
like documents , jewellary ,money and anything which is important we have to keep
them safe and protected. Many of us keep all these valuable and important things in
lockers ,secret places. But, we are not always available to look after them.so a proper
security should be provided. One of the best and efficient method of providing
security is by using alarm. An emergency alarm which works as a security system
when robbery is happening ,some stranger is trying to enter the house and stealing
something important.
There are so many types of emergency alarm circuits. One of them is wire
break alarm which is simple ,less cost ,more efficient. It has a loop sensing element in
it. Wire break alarm is an awfully simple circuit with several number of applications.
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1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
The block diagram consists of following blocks ,namely power supply,
wire break sensor, transistor switching circuit, buzzer. In this circuit input is dc power
supply. It is given through battery. The input is given to transistor. Transistor acts as switch
and it performs the NOT gate operation. Now the input is set to 1 which is equal to 5V and
output is zero. After the breaking of wire the buzzer will sounds and now the output is set to
1 which is equals to 5V.
DC Supply
Wire loop
Transistor
Switching
Circuit
BUZZER
Figure 1.1 Block Diagram
Department of ECE [VNITSW]
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1.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
This system is built with a transistor which acts as a switch. Here the transistor switch
performs the function of NOT gate. When transistor switch is ON input power supply
will become 1 which is equal to 5V and output is set to 0 which is equal to 0V.The
circuit is connected with a wire loop. When the wire loop is closed, the power supply
is set to 1 which is equals to 5V,and transistor does not conduct so no power is
available and the piezo buzzer does not sound. On the other hand, When wire loop is
broken by some intruder, transistor conducts to power the circuit and the peizobuzzer
sounds. This can be reset by connecting the wire loop or interrupting the supply.
When the power supply is on the LED will glow and it is activated until the supply is
ON. When the power supply is not activated or in ‘ON’ state the LED will get ‘OFF’.
Figure 1.2 Circuit Diagram
Department of ECE [VNITSW]
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CHAPTER 2
COMPONENTS
POWER SUPPLY:
A power supply is the main component kit of everydevice.
Block diagram:
Figure 2.1 Block diagram of power supply
Figure 2.2 Circuit diagram
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TRANSISTOR:
Using transistor as a switch is the simplest application of the device. A
transistor can be extensively used for switching operation either for opening or closing
of a circuit. Meanwhile,the basic concept behind the operation of a transistor as a
switch relies on its mode of operation. Generally,the low voltage DC is turned on or
off by transistors in this mode. Both PNP and NPN transistors can be utilized as
switches .A basic terminal transistor can be handled differently from a signal
amplifier by biasing both NPN and PNP bipolar transistors by an ‘ON/OFF’ static
switch. One of the main uses of the transistor to transform a DC signal “On” or “OFF”
is solid-state switches.
The 2N2222 is a common NPN bipolar junction used for general purpose low-power
Amplifying or switching applications. It is designed for low to medium current ,low
Power ,medium voltage ,and can operate at moderately high speeds.
Figure: 2.3 Transistor 2N2222A
Department of ECE [VNITSW]
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LED:
In electronics, an LED circuit or LED driver is an electrical circuit used to
power a light emitting diode.The circuit must provide sufficient current to light the
LED at the required brightness,but must limit the current to prevent damaging the
LED. The voltage drop across an LED is approximately constant over a wide range
of operating current. Very simple circuits are used for low power indicator LEDs.
More complex,current source circuits are required when driving high power LEDs
for illumination to achieve correct current regulation.
Figure: 2.4 LED
Applications:




LED is used as a bulb in the homes and industries.
The light emitting diodes are used in motor cycles and cars.
At the traffic signals led's are used.
These are used in mobile phones to display the message.
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RESISTOR:
Resistor is a passive two terminal electrical component that implements
electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to
reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements,and
terminate transmission lines ,among other uses. HIGH power resistors that can
dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat ,may be used as part of motor
controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed resistors
have resistance that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating voltage.
Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements or as sensing devices for heat,
light,humidity,force,or chemical activity. Resistors are common elements of electrical
networks and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in electronic equipment.
Figure: 2.5 1k Resistor
Department of ECE [VNITSW]
Figure: 2.6 220 Resistor
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BUZZER:
There are many ways to communicate between the user and a product.
One of the best ways is audio communication using BUZZER IC. So during the
design process, understanding some technologies with configurations is very helpful.
An audio signaling device like a beeper or buzzer may be electromechanical type. The
main function of this is to convert the signal from audio to sound. Generally, it is
powered through dc voltage and used in timers,alarm devices, printers, alarm,
computers etc. Based on various designs, it can generate different sounds like
alarm,music,bell &siren.
Figure: 2.7 Buzzer Pin Configuration
The pin configuration of buzzer is shown above. It includes two pins namely positive,
negative. The positive terminal of this is represented with the ’+’ symbol or a longer
terminal. This terminal is powered through 6 volts whereas the negative terminal is
represented with ‘-‘symbol or short terminal and it is connected to the GND terminal .
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CHAPTER 3
RESULT:
Here the transistor acts as switch and performs the NOT gate function.
When the wire loop breaks the Buzzer is activated, and when the wire loop is
connected buzzer is not activated.
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CHAPTER 4
ADVANTAGES:
1. This circuit will help you to guard precious documents as well as jewellary from
intruders or theft.
2.This is simple and economical to install.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. When the buzzer sounds along with occupants intruders also get the alert ,so the
intruder may escape.This can be overcome by using sensors and GSM modem
that sends the alert message to user via SMS.
APPLICATIONS:
1. This project is designed to detect intrusion ,such as unauthorized entry ,into building
or other areas such as a home or school.
2. Security alarms used in residential ,commercial ,industrial.
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CHAPTER 5
FUTURE SCOPE:
The same type of security protection can be arranged with
microcontrollers such as arduino , raspberry PI,PIC ICs,and many other controllers.
This project in future can be extended by interfacing it with GSM modem so that
whenever the loop breaks, an alert message is sent to user via SMS.
CONCLUSION:
This is a developed design to give an security to the large areas like a house,
industries, border areas. You can make a home safety protection circuit with this cut
wire alarm circuit. This circuit is available at low cost.So this is simple wire break
alarm circuit with minimal components.
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REFERENCES
[1] Available on [https://youtu.be/4gq2xp2CQSK]
[2] Available on [https://www.electronicsforu.com/electronics-projects/wire-breakalarm-delay]
[3] Available on [https://www.kitsguru.com/mini-project]
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