HISTORY Indigenous • Today, the _____________________________ of the Americas are the descendants of the pre-Columbian inhabitants of North and South America. • Pueblos indigenas (_____________________________ ) is a common term in Spanishspeaking countries. • Their ancestors were part of indigenous civilizations like the _____________________________ . Conquests • Europeans arrived in the Americas _____________________________ and conquered the native civilizations. • _____________________________(soldier explorers) took over much of what is now Brazil. • Spanish conquistadors _____________________________ throughout most of Central and South America. Exchange • When the Europeans created contact with the indigenous peoples, the interaction led to _____________________________ . • Many _____________________________ were brought from Europe to the Americas. • This process is known as the _____________________________ , named after Christopher Columbus. Mestizos • After Spanish settlers moved into Latin America, _____________________________ . • _____________________________ began marrying and having children. • Their _____________________________ , or people of mixed European and indigenous ancestry. • Mestizos are the largest ethnic group in Mexico, Venezuela, and many countries in _____________________________. Diversity • The cultures of Latin America are diverse; the customs, languages, and religions are a result of the _____________________________ . • The people and cultures of Latin America are a blend of the native groups in the area and the influences of the _____________________________ there. • _____________________________ reshaped Latin America into a distinct cultural region with a blend of ethnicities and races. © Brain Wrinkles LANGUAGE New w Empires • After Christopher Columbus discovered the New World in 1492, Spain, Portugal, and other European countries sent ships to _____________________________ . • Spain _____________________________ in Florida, Mexico, large parts of Central and South America, and many islands in the Caribbean. • Portugal claimed the area now _____________________________ . Languages • Because most of the countries in Latin America were conquered by Spain, the _____________________________ is the most spoken language of the region. • Since Portugal claimed Brazil, Brazilians speak the _____________________________ . Latin n America • The term Latin America was coined in the 1800s to group the countries that spoke mostly _____________________________ (Spanish and Portuguese). • In addition to the two primary languages of Spanish and Portuguese, _____________________________ , culture, and religion have made the term Latin America one that unites Mexico, Central and South American, and the Caribbean. Today • Nearly all people in Latin America _____________________________ with a few exceptions. • In Brazil, the primary language is _____________________________ . • The people in Haiti and French Guiana _____________________________ . • Small segments of Latin America’s population still speak _____________________________ . © Brain Wrinkles RELIGION Catholicism • During the 16th and 17th centuries, _____________________________ was the main religion on the Iberian Peninsula. • When the Europeans came to Latin America, the Spanish and Portuguese settlers _____________________________ to the indigenous peoples. • Catholicism is still the leading religion of Latin America today, with over _____________________________ in the region identifying as Catholic. Blending • Today, many of the religious customs, celebrations, and holidays in the region reflect a blend of _____________________________ beliefs. • An example is the _____________________________ in Mexico, which blends Aztec beliefs about the afterlife with the Catholic All Souls Day. AFRICAN N INFLUENCE Labor • For nearly 300 years, European nations established _____________________________ throughout Latin America, the Caribbean, and North America. • In order to grow cash crops like sugar cane and tobacco, and to mine gold and silver, the Europeans realized they _____________________________ . Disease • At first, the Spanish and Portuguese tried to _____________________________ , but that did not last for long. • The natives lacked immunity to European diseases and a large portion of the _____________________________ . • Europeans began to look elsewhere for a _____________________________ . Westt Africans • Soon, _____________________________ from West Africa and brought to Brazil and the Caribbean to work on the plantations and in the mines. • Because Europe and Africa had been trading for many generations, _____________________________ to many of the European diseases. © Brain Wrinkles Triangle e Trade • The slave trade developed into a _____________________________ arrangement between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. • The triangular trade demonstrates how _____________________________ to be sold. • Goods such as metal, cloth, beads and guns went from Europe to Africa, enslaved Africans went to America and the Caribbean, and raw products such as _____________________________ came back to Europe. Slaveryy Expands • In 1518, the first shipment of slaves went directly from West Africa to the Caribbean where the slaves worked on _____________________________ . • By the 1520s, the Spanish had introduced slaves to Mexico, Peru, and Central America where they worked as _____________________________ . • In the early 17th century, the British introduced _____________________________ . Slave e Labor • Latin American colonies soon became _____________________________ , and the plantation economies prospered. • Brazil _____________________________ than any country in the entire world, and eventually became the wealthiest of the sugar-producing lands in the Western hemisphere. Mulattoes • After slavery ended, the former African slaves helped create a _____________________________ cultural region in Latin America. • They stayed in Latin American countries and many began _____________________________ . • Their offspring were known as mulattoes, or people of mixed _____________________________ descent. Language • Over time, the former Africans began _____________________________ in most Latin American countries and Portuguese in Brazil. • In some of the Caribbean islands, _____________________________ can be heard in the blended Creole languages that developed there. © Brain Wrinkles Religion • _____________________________ also mixed with the Roman Catholic practices that were already in place in most of Latin America. • Results are a unique _____________________________ , like those found in the Santeria religion of Cuba and the Voodoo religions that began in Haiti. Problems • While Latin Americans are proud of their heritage, there are still _____________________________ . • People with _____________________________ have better jobs, education, and healthcare. • People of indigenous and African descent have begun to protest against discrimination, _____________________________ , and push for improved living conditions in Latin America. © Brain Wrinkles
