Emphasis and inversion Upper-Intermediate GRAMMAR Lumier Brothers produced the first moving images over a hundred years ago. GRAMMAR (1) Lumier Brothers produced the first moving images over a hundred years ago. GRAMMAR (2) Lumier Brothers produced the first moving images over a hundred years ago. GRAMMAR Lumier Brothers produced the first moving (3) images over a hundred years ago. GRAMMAR (1) (2) Lumier Brothers produced the first moving images (3) over a hundred years ago. (1) It was Lumier Brothers who produced the first moving images over a hundred years ago. GRAMMAR (1) (2) Lumier Brothers produced the first moving images (3) over a hundred years ago. (2) What Lumier Brothers did was produce the first images over a hundred years ago. GRAMMAR (1) (2) Lumier Brothers produced the first moving images (3) over a hundred years ago. (3) What happened over a hundred years ago was that Lumier Brothers produced the first moving images. EMPHASIS 1. It + was + noun (phrase) + relative clause It was the day that changed my life. 2. What + noun/pronoun + did was + (to) infinitive What she did was (to) set herself a budget of $20 a day. 3. All + noun /pronoun + did was + (to) infinitive All they did was to was (to) see this documentary. 4. What happened… + was + (that) What happened was (that) I lost my passport. GRAMMAR TASK I a) They showed simple scenes from 1. everyday life. b) They presented the film-maker’s idea of life, rather than showing like as it actually was. c) 2. This desire to educate and present people with the ‘truth’ motivated early filmmakers. d) 3. They used a hand-held camera with synchronized sound. 4. What happened was that they presented the film-makers' idea of life, rather than showing life as it actually was. It was this desire to educate and present people with the 'truth' that motivated early film-makers, AII they did was use a hand-held camera with synchronized sound. What they did was show simple scenes from everyday life. GRAMMAR TASK I a) They showed simple scenes from everyday life. 4What life. they did was show simple scenes from everyday GRAMMAR TASK I a) They showed simple scenes from everyday life. 4What life. . they did was show simple scenes from everyday GRAMMAR TASK I b) They presented the film-maker’s idea of life, rather than showing like as it actually was. 1What happened was that they presented the film- makers' idea of life, rather than showing life as it actually was. GRAMMAR TASK I b) They presented the film-maker’s idea of life, rather than showing like as it actually was. 1What happened was that they presented the film- makers' idea of life, rather than showing life as it actually was. GRAMMAR TASK I c) This desire to educate and present people with the ‘truth’ motivated early film-makers. 2It was this desire to educate and present people with the 'truth' that motivated early film-makers, GRAMMAR TASK I c) This desire to educate and present people with the ‘truth’ motivated early film-makers. 2It was this desire to educate and present people with the 'truth' that motivated early film-makers, GRAMMAR TASK I d) They used a hand-held camera with synchronized sound. 3AII they did was use a hand-held camera with synchronized sound. GRAMMAR TASK I d) They used a hand-held camera with synchronized sound. 3AII they did was use a hand-held camera with synchronized sound. EMPHASIS 1. It + was + noun (phrase) + relative clause It was the day that changed my life. 2. What + noun/pronoun + did was + (to) infinitive What she did was (to) set herself a budget of $20 a day. 3. All + noun /pronoun + did was + (to) infinitive All they did was to was (to) see this documentary. 4. What happened… + was + (that) What happened was (that) I lost my passport. GRAMMAR TASK II 1. The director used documentary techniques to make the film seem realistic. What the director __________________ . 2. Michael Moore's documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 won awards at several major film festivals. It __________________ . 3. Film-makers only spent eight days on The Blair Witch Project. All they did __________________ . 4. The controversial political documentary was banned from some cinemas. What happened __________________ . GRAMMAR TASK II 1. The director used documentary techniques to make the film seem realistic. What the director did was (to) use documentary techniques to make the film seem realistic. 2. Michael Moore's documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 won awards at several major film festivals. It __________________ . 3. Film-makers only spent eight days on The Blair Witch Project. All they did __________________ . 4. The controversial political documentary was banned from some cinemas. What happened __________________ . GRAMMAR TASK II 1. The director used documentary techniques to make the film seem realistic. What the director did was (to) use documentary techniques to make the film seem realistic. 2. Michael Moore's documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 won awards at several major film festivals. It was Michael’s documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 that won awards at several major film festivals. 3. Film-makers only spent eight days on The Blair Witch Project. All they did __________________ . 4. The controversial political documentary was banned from some cinemas. What happened __________________ . GRAMMAR TASK II 1. The director used documentary techniques to make the film seem realistic. What the director did was (to) use documentary techniques to make the film seem realistic. 2. Michael Moore's documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 won awards at several major film festivals. It was Michael’s documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 that won awards at several major film festivals. 3. Film-makers only spent eight days on The Blair Witch Project. All they did was (to) spend eight days on The Blair Witch Project. 4. The controversial political documentary was banned from some cinemas. What happened __________________ . GRAMMAR TASK II 1. The director used documentary techniques to make the film seem realistic. What the director did was (to) use documentary techniques to make the film seem realistic. 2. Michael Moore's documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 won awards at several major film festivals. It was Michael’s documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 that won awards at several major film festivals. 3. Film-makers only spent eight days on The Blair Witch Project. All they did was (to) spend eight days on The Blair Witch Project. 4. The controversial political documentary was banned from some cinemas. What happened was that the controversial political documentary was banned from some cinemas. EMPHASIS 1. It + was + noun (phrase) + relative clause It was the day that changed my life. 2. What + noun/pronoun + did was + (to) infinitive What she did was (to) set herself a budget of $20 a day. 3. All + noun /pronoun + did was + (to) infinitive All they did was to was (to) see this documentary. 4. What happened… + was + (that) What happened was (that) I lost my passport. Make the following sentence more emphatic: John and Jack could not recognize their town after the hurricane. Make the following sentence more emphatic: Neither the movie theaters nor the gyms are open now. Make the following sentence more emphatic: Liam Jackson’s short video went viral within a couple of days. Make the following sentence more emphatic: Her videos always go viral within a couple of days. GRAMMAR 1. Liam Jackson hardly knew how his video had gone viral. GRAMMAR 1. Liam Jackson hardly knew how his video had gone viral. 2. Liam became very popular and started receiving invitations to different events. GRAMMAR 1. Liam Jackson hardly knew how his video had gone viral. Hardly did Liam Jackson know how his video had gone viral. 2. Liam became very popular and started receiving invitations to different events. Not only did Liam become very popular but he also started receiving invitations to different events. GRAMMAR 1. Liam Jackson hardly knew how his video had gone viral. Hardly did Liam Jackson know how his video had gone viral. 2. Liam became very popular and started receiving invitations to different events. Not only did Liam become very popular but he also started receiving invitations to different events. INVERSION To make a sentence more emphatic, we can use inversion with a negative or restrictive word / phrase in front position. After these words the auxiliary or modal verb comes before the subject. never (before), no sooner…than, hardly…when, by no means, little, not only, on no account, rarely, scarcely, seldom, under no circumstances • • • I hardly knew where I was when I got there. Hardly did I know where I was when I got there. He little remembers what they said. Little does he remember what they said. I will never go there alone again. Under no circumstances will I go there alone again. GRAMMAR TASK III 1. He drank a milkshake and ate a big bag of popcorn during the film. Not only __________________ . 2. I have never seen such a fascinating documentary. Never __________________ . 3. Dad rarely allowed me to use his camera. Rarely __________________ . 4. You seldom meet such talented actors. Seldom __________________ . 5. He understood only then what a great movie he had missed. Only then ________________ . GRAMMAR TASK III 1. He drank a milkshake and ate a big bag of popcorn during the film. Not only did he drink a milkshake but he also ate a big bag of popcorn… . 2. I have never seen such a fascinating documentary. Never __________________ . 3. Dad rarely allowed me to use his camera. Rarely __________________ . 4. You seldom meet such talented actors. Seldom __________________ . 5. He understood only then what a great movie he had missed. Only then ________________ . GRAMMAR TASK III 1. He drank a milkshake and ate a big bag of popcorn during the film. Not only did he drink a milkshake but he also ate a big bag of popcorn… . 2. I have never seen such a fascinating documentary. Never have I seen such a fascinating documentary. 3. Dad rarely allowed me to use his camera. Rarely __________________ . 4. You seldom meet such talented actors. Seldom __________________ . 5. He understood only then what a great movie he had missed. Only then ________________ . GRAMMAR TASK III 1. He drank a milkshake and ate a big bag of popcorn during the film. Not only did he drink a milkshake but he also ate a big bag of popcorn… . 2. I have never seen such a fascinating documentary. Never have I seen such a fascinating documentary. 3. Dad rarely allowed me to use his camera. Rarely did dad allow me to use his camera. 4. You seldom meet such talented actors. Seldom __________________ . 5. He understood only then what a great movie he had missed. Only then ________________ . GRAMMAR TASK III 1. He drank a milkshake and ate a big bag of popcorn during the film. Not only did he drink a milkshake but he also ate a big bag of popcorn… . 2. I have never seen such a fascinating documentary. Never have I seen such a fascinating documentary. 3. Dad rarely allowed me to use his camera. Rarely did dad allow me to use his camera. 4. You seldom meet such talented actors. Seldom do you meet such talented actors. 5. He understood only then what a great movie he had missed. Only then ________________ . GRAMMAR TASK III 1. He drank a milkshake and ate a big bag of popcorn during the film. Not only did he drink a milkshake but he also ate a big bag of popcorn… . 2. I have never seen such a fascinating documentary. Never have I seen such a fascinating documentary. 3. Dad rarely allowed me to use his camera. Rarely did dad allow me to use his camera. 4. You seldom meet such talented actors. Seldom do you meet such talented actors. 5. He understood only then what a great movie he had missed. Only then did he understand what a great movie he had missed. GRAMMAR TASK IV 1. I have never witnessed such a great success before! Never __________ such a great success! 2. Jack little knew what the future held in store for him. Little __________ what the future held in store for him. 3. You should on no account provide any confidential information to a stranger. On no account __________ any confidential information to a stranger. 4. People rarely appreciate this actor's talent. Rarely __________ this actor's talent. 5. They had met such rude people nowhere before. Nowhere before __________ such rude people. 6. John has never been to such a fantastic restaurant. Never before __________ to such a fantastic restaurant. INVERSION To make a sentence more emphatic, we can use inversion with a negative or restrictive word / phrase in front position. After these words the auxiliary or modal verb comes before the subject. never (before), no sooner…than, hardly…when, by no means, little, not only, on no account, rarely, scarcely, seldom, under no circumstances • • • I hardly knew where I was when I got there. Hardly did I know where I was when I got there. He little remembers what they said. Little does he remember what they said. I will never go there alone again. Under no circumstances will I go there alone again.
