Systems Design, Implementation,
Maintenance, and Review
Chapter 13
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
• Designing new systems or modifying existing ones
should always be aimed at helping an organization
achieve its goals.
– State the purpose of systems design and discuss the
differences between logical and physical systems design.
– Outline key steps taken during the design phase.
– Describe some considerations and diagrams used during
object-oriented design.
– Define the term RFP and discuss how this document is used
to drive the acquisition of hardware and software.
– Describe the techniques used to make systems selection
evaluations.
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
• The primary emphasis of systems implementation is to
make sure that the right information is delivered to the
right person in the right format at the right time.
– State the purpose of systems implementation and discuss the
various activities associated with this phase of systems
development.
– List the advantages and disadvantages of purchasing versus
developing software.
– Discuss the software development process and some of the
tools used in this process, including object-oriented program
development tools.
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
• Maintenance and review add to the useful life of a
system but can consume large amounts of resources.
These activities can benefit from the same rigorous
methods and project management techniques applied to
systems development.
– State the importance of systems and software
maintenance and discuss the activities involved.
– Describe the systems review process.
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Systems Design
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Top Uses for New Systems in
Various Industries
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Logical Design
• Output design: types, format, content, frequency
• Input design: types, format, content, frequency
• Process design: calculations, comparisons,
manipulations
• File & database design: capabilities and organization
• Telecommunications design: high-level network
description
• Procedures design: automated & manual
• Controls & security design
• Personnel & job design
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Physical Design
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Hardware design
Software design
Database design
Telecommunications design
Personnel design
Procedures and controls design
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Special System Design
Considerations
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Procedures for signing on
Interactive processing
Interactive dialog
Preventing, detecting, and correcting errors
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
The Scope of Design
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Procedures for Signing On
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Interactive Processing
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Emergency Alternate Procedures &
Disaster Recovery
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Telecommunications backup
Personnel backup
Hardware backup
Software and database backup
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Hardware Backup
• Disaster recovery plans
• Hot site
• Cold site
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Software & Database Backup
• Selective backups
• Incremental backups
• Image log
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Preventing, Detecting, and Correcting
Errors
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Object-Oriented Design
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Systems Controls
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Deterrence controls
Input controls
Processing controls
Output controls
Database controls
Telecommunications controls
Personnel controls
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Request for Proposal
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Financial Options
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Cost/Benefit Analysis
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Cost/Benefit Analysis
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Evaluation Techniques
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Group consensus
Benchmark tests
Cost/benefit analysis
Point evaluation
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
The Final Evaluation
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Point Evaluation
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Freezing Design Specifications
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
The Design Report
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Systems Implementation
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Systems Implementation
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Acquiring Software: Make or Buy
Software?
• Externally developed software
– Lower cost
– Lower risk
– Ease of installation
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Make or Buy Software
• Steps
– Review needs, requirements, and costs
– Acquire software
– Modify or customize software
– Acquire software interfaces
– Test and accept the software
– Maintain the software
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
In-House Developed Software
• Chief programmer teams
• The programming life cycle
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Chief Programmer Teams
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
The Programming Life Cycle
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Tools & Techniques for Software
Development
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Cross-platform development
Integrated development environments
CASE tools
Structured design
Structured programming
Structured walkthroughs
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Characteristics of Structured
Programming
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Structured Design and Programming
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Structured Design and Programming
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Structured Walkthroughs
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Additional Implementation Activities
• Acquiring database and telecommunication
systems
• User preparation
• Hiring and training IS personnel
• Site preparation
• Data preparation
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Additional Implementation Activities
• Installation
• Testing
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Unit testing
System testing
Volume testing
Integration testing
Acceptance testing
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Testing
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Start-Up Approaches
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Start-Up Approaches
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Systems Maintenance
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Reasons for Maintenance
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Changes in business processes
Requests from stakeholders, users, or managers
Errors in the program
Technical and hardware problems
Corporate mergers & acquisitions
Government regulations
Changes in the operating system or hardware
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Types of Maintenance
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Slipstream upgrade
Patch
Release
Version
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
The Financial Implications of
Maintenance
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
The Relationship Between
Maintenance and Design
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Systems Review
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Types of Review Procedures
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Factors to Consider During Systems
Review
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Mission
Goals
Hardware/software
Database
Telecommunications
IS personnel
Control
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Training
Costs
Complexity
Reliability
Efficiency
Response time
Documentation
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Summary
• Systems design - preparing detailed design needs for a new
system or modifying an existing system
• Systems implementation – installing the system and making
everything, including users, ready for its operation
• Software - can be purchased from vendors or developed in-house a decision termed the make-or-buy
• Systems maintenance - involves checking, changing, and
enhancing the system to make it more useful in obtaining user and
organizational goals
• Systems review - the process of analyzing systems to make sure
that they are operating as intended
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition