INSTALLATION MANUAL
9900 Series
Models 9900, 9900A and 9900B
Copyright 1998
RYAN INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
4800 Evanswood Drive · Columbus, Ohio 43229
Revision 4, December 17, 1998
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Telephone: (614) 885-3303
Manual Part Number: 32-2301
Special Note to Installers:
The following important issues regarding TCAD installation should be noted during the
planning stages. See the Installation Planning Guide, Section VI for additional
information:
1. The Model 9900B installation requires the Sensor Systems bearing antenna set, which
is supplied with the 9900B. The 9900A and 9900 require L-band antennas such as the
Comant CI-105, which are not supplied. See Paragraph 1.7.
2. The design antenna cable loss is 3dB, ±0.5dB. The loss requirement between cables is
0.2dB. Plan the antenna cable lengths insure compliance with this requirement. See
Paragraph 1.9.
3. The location of the antenna is important. The antenna "view" ahead of the aircraft
must not be obstructed. See Paragraphs 2.13 and 6.2.1.
4. The Models 9900 and 9900A are upgradable to the 9900B. If installing a 9900 or
9900A, it may be in the best interest of the installer and the customer to install an
additional coaxial line from each antenna (top and bottom). This will greatly reduce
the time and expense of upgrading to the 9900B in the future.
5. Suppression between the transponder, TCAD and DME (if installed) is required. See
Paragraph 2.4.
6. Connecting TCAD audio to an audio panel without internal amplification or into a
shared audio port can affect the maximum audio level. See Section VI.
7. Interface with Multifunction Displays is covered in a separate document, 32-2304,
Model 9900B Multifunction Display Interface Installation Instructions.
8. The Annunciator circuit is a switched ground. Applying battery voltage to this input
can damage the TCAD Processor.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
Paragraph
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
Introduction .........................................................................................
Product Description .............................................................................
Technical Characteristics......................................................................
Factory Settings ...................................................................................
Units and Accessories Supplied............................................................
License Requirements ..........................................................................
Units & Accessories Required But Not Supplied ..................................
Installation Approval Basis...................................................................
Antenna Cable Requirements................................................................
Instructions for Continued Airworthiness .............................................
Page
1-1
1-1
1-3
1-4
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-6
1-7
1-9
SECTION II
INSTALLATION
Paragraph
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
General ................................................................................................
Unpacking and Inspection ....................................................................
Transponder and Encoder Requirements ..............................................
Suppression .........................................................................................
Annunciator Output .............................................................................
Cooling................................................................................................
Antenna Placement Considerations.......................................................
Transponder Coupler ...........................................................................
Initial Bench Check..............................................................................
Mechanical Installation of Display ........................................................
Mechanical Installation of Processor ....................................................
Mechanical Installation of Transponder Coupler...................................
Mechanical Installation of Antennas .....................................................
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Ryan TCAD 9900 Series
Page
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-3
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-5
2-5
2-7
2-9
2-10
i
Paragraph
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
Overview of Electrical Installation........................................................
Electrical Wiring of Display and Processor ...........................................
Electrical Wiring of Suppression ..........................................................
Electrical Wiring of Transponder Coupler ............................................
Antenna Cable Installation....................................................................
Electrical Wiring of Altitude Encoder...................................................
Page
2-11
2-13
2-18
2-19
2-20
2-21
SECTION III
OPERATION
Paragraph
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
General ................................................................................................
Audio & Visual Alert ...........................................................................
Description of Operator Controls .........................................................
Symbols ...............................................................................................
Basic Displays......................................................................................
The Air Traffic Shield ..........................................................................
Operating Modes .................................................................................
Bearing ................................................................................................
Programming .......................................................................................
Setting the Shield Size (9900A and 9900B)..........................................
Setting Density Altitude .......................................................................
Setting Tone Options ...........................................................................
Setting the Altitude Alert .....................................................................
TCAD Fault Displays...........................................................................
Pilot Initiated Test................................................................................
Disclaimer............................................................................................
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Ryan TCAD 9900 Series
Page
3-1
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-6
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-8
3-8
3-9
3-9
3-9
3-9
3-10
ii
SECTION IV
PERFORMANCE TESTING
Paragraph
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
General ................................................................................................
Equipment Required ............................................................................
Computer Test .....................................................................................
Ramp Test ...........................................................................................
Interference Check...............................................................................
Suppression Check...............................................................................
Customer Care Checklist......................................................................
Bench Test Set Up ...............................................................................
Technician Test Routine.......................................................................
Page
4-1
4-1
4-1
4-3
4-5
4-7
4-7
4-8
4-8
SECTION V
WARRANTY AND PRODUCT SUPPORT
Paragraph
Page
5.1
Documentation .................................................................................... 5-1
5.2
Return Authorization ........................................................................... 5-1
5.3
Warranty Service ................................................................................. 5-1
SECTION VI
INSTALLATION PLANNING AND TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
Paragraph
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
General ................................................................................................
External Connections ...........................................................................
Checkout .............................................................................................
Installation in a Severe EMI Environment ............................................
Malfunction Indications........................................................................
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Ryan TCAD 9900 Series
Page
6-1
6-1
6-5
6-5
6-5
iii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
Features of the 9900 Series ..................................................................
Air Traffic Shield Limits.......................................................................
Antenna Cable Requirements................................................................
Sample Description of Work Accomplished..........................................
Environmental Qualifications................................................................
Page
1-2
1-4
1-7
1-8
1-10
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
2-17
2-18
2-19
2-20
2-21
TCAD Components .............................................................................
Availability of Suppression for Popular Transponders...........................
Display Mounting.................................................................................
Display Dimensions..............................................................................
Panel Cutout for Display ......................................................................
Processor Mounting Tray.....................................................................
Processor with Mounting Tray .............................................................
Transponder Coupler ...........................................................................
Recommended Antenna Locations .......................................................
Block diagram of Electrical Wiring.......................................................
Processor Front Panel ..........................................................................
25-Pin Cable-End Receptacle for Mating with P1.................................
9-Pin Cable-End Receptacle for Mating with P910 ...............................
Wiring Diagram for a Single Display or Single Transponder .................
Wiring Diagram for Dual Displays or Dual Transponders .....................
Suppression Configurations..................................................................
Installing Cables to the Transponder Coupler .......................................
Internal Diode Isolation of Altitude Encoder Lines ...............................
15-Pin Cable-End Plug for mating with J1............................................
Model 9900B Top Antenna Illustration ................................................
Model 9900B Bottom Antenna Illustration ..........................................
2-2
2-3
2-5
2-6
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-12
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
2-17
2-18
2-20
2-22
2-22
2-23
2-23
3-1
3-2
3-3
Display Symbols...................................................................................
Controls and Display, Search Configuration .........................................
Controls and Display, Threat Configuration..........................................
3-3
3-4
3-5
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Ryan TCAD 9900 Series
iv
SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1
INTRODUCTION
This manual contains information regarding the physical, mechanical and electrical
characteristics, as well as installation information pertaining to the TCAD 9900 Series.
For maintenance and repair information, contact Ryan International Corporation.
Installation Planning tips are found in Section VI.
1.2
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The Ryan TCAD (Traffic and Conflict Alert Device) is an on-board traffic display product
used to identify and display information regarding nearby transponder equipped aircraft.
Using Mode C and Mode S transponder replies, TCAD determines relative altitude and
range of nearby aircraft. Aircraft with non-Mode C transponders can provide range
information. The Ryan TCAD will not detect aircraft without transponders. TCAD,
within defined limits, creates a shield of airspace around the aircraft, whereby detected
traffic generates an alert. The shield size is selectable for various phases of flight. The
TCAD 9900B also provides bearing information.
TCAD uses a cockpit display for traffic information. Audible and visual annuciations are
provided to alert the pilot. Range is displayed in indicated Nautical Miles (iNM),
determined from the arrival amplitude of the threat transponder signal. Relative altitude is
displayed in hundreds of feet, and is determined from comparison of the threat aircraft
altitude replies with the host altitude encoder. Installation consists of single or dual
Display units, a remote mounted Processor, top and bottom mounted L-band antennas and
a Transponder Coupler for each transponder.
The Ryan TCAD 9900 Series consist of three models, the 9900, 9900A and 9900B. The
features below are provided. The table shows the availability of the features for each
model. See the Pilot's Handbook for limitations.
•
Air Traffic Shield - Provides a shield of airspace above, below, and around your
aircraft.
•
Traffic Display - Detects threats and displays altitude separation, and iNM (indicated
nautical miles) between your aircraft and threats.
•
Trend Data - Shows trend between your aircraft location and the primary threat.
•
Tone Alerts and Voice Alerts - Provides Voice or tone alerts for detected traffic.
•
MSL Altitude, Mode A, and N-number - Capable of displaying additional data,
including MSL altitude, ATC Transponder Code (when available) and the N-Number
of U.S.-registered Mode S equipped aircraft.
•
Host Altitude Display - Provides a digital display of altitude to crosscheck and
confirm your primary altimeter display.
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Page 1-1
•
Altitude Alert - Features Altitude Alert functions for safer, more precise flying.
•
Density Altitude - Computes and displays Density Altitude by simply setting OAT.
•
Programmable, Selectable Shield - Features pilot selectable shield volumes for
Terminal, Standard, and Enroute modes.
•
Dynamic Shield – The monitored airspace will expand for high-performance climbs
and descents, and will automatically transition to the ENRT mode.
•
Bearing - Indicates the direction of the traffic for faster visual acquisition.
Multifunction Display - The Model 9900B is capable of providing traffic information to
certain multifunction displays. The Multifunction Display Interface for the ARGUS is
approved under STC 00900NY. For instructions regarding installation, see Model 9900B
Multifunction Display Interface Installation Instructions, Document 32-2304.
TCAD will display multiple aircraft inside the selected shield. The TCAD is advisory only,
and is a back up to the "SEE-AND-AVOID" concept and the ATC radar environment.
Model 9900B
Air Traffic Shield
Traffic Display
Trend Data
Tone Alerts
MSL Altitude of traffic
Host Altitude Display
Altitude Alert
Density Altitude
Programmable, Selectable
Shield
Dynamic Shield
Voice Alerts
Mode A and N-number
Bearing
Multifunction Display
Figure 1-1
Model 9900A
Air Traffic Shield
Traffic Display
Trend Data
Tone Alerts
MSL Altitude of traffic
Host Altitude Display
Altitude Alert
Density Altitude
Programmable, Selectable
Shield
Dynamic Shield
Voice Alerts
Mode A and N-number
Model 9900
Air Traffic Shield
Traffic Display
Trend Data
Tone Alerts
MSL Altitude of traffic
Host Altitude Display
Altitude Alert
Density Altitude
Selectable Shield
Features of the 9900 Series
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Page 1-2
1.3
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Weight:
Display:
Processor (9900 & 9900A):
Processor (9900B):
Transponder Coupler:
Antennas (9900B):
1.0 pounds (0.45 Kg), with mounting clamp
6.13 pounds (2.78 Kg), with mounting tray
6.38 pounds (2.89 Kg), with mounting tray
0.5 pounds (0.23 Kg)
Top antenna, 10.5 ounces (298 grams)
Bottom antenna, 12 ounces (340 grams)
Cooling:
Radiation, Convection
Display Installation Dimensions:
3.26 in. (8.3 cm) wide;
1.55 in. (3.9 cm) high;
6.75 in. (17.2 cm) deep
8.5 in. (21.6 cm) deep with connector
Processor Installation Dimensions:
7.25 in. (18.4 cm) wide;
3.1 in. (7.9 cm) high;
9.325 in. (23.7 cm) deep;
11.675 in. (29.6 cm) deep with connectors
NOTE:
The mounting tray allows for two mounting configurations. The height
and width dimensions are interchanged when using the upright-mounting configuration.
Transponder Coupler Dimensions:
1.8 inches (4.6 cm) wide;
1.603 inches (4.1 cm) high;
2.7 inches (6.9 cm) long
Operating Voltage:
11 − 29 Volts DC
Current (9900 & 9900A):
2.4 A @ 14 VDC; 1.4 A @ 28 VDC
Current (9900B):
3.2 A @ 14 VDC; 1.95 A @ 28 VDC
Audio Output:
Maximum 100 mW @ 600 ohms
Annunciator Output Current:
Switched Ground; 100 mA maximum
Receiver Frequency:
1090 MHz ±3 MHz
Suppression Bus Compatibility:
Both Mutual and Unidirectional Systems
Encoder Compatibility:
TSO C88a encoder, 0.5mA maximum draw.
Display dimming:
Automatic
Transponder Coupler Signal Loss:
less than 0.2 dB
Transponder Coupler VSWR:
1.08:1 at 1090 MHz
Shield Limits are on the following page:
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Page 1-3
Shield Limits:
Terminal Mode
Standard Mode
Enroute Mode
Model 9900B
200 to 1000 FT,
0.5 to 1.5 iNM
500 to 1500 FT
1.0 to 3.0 iNM
Model 9900A
200 to 1000 FT,
0.5 to 1.5 iNM
500 to 1500 FT
1.0 to 3.0 iNM
Model 9900
Fixed 500 FT and
1.0 iNM
Fixed 1000 FT
and 2.0 iNM
1000 to
2000 FT
2.0 to 6.0 iNM
1000 to
2000 FT
2.0 to 6.0 iNM
Fixed 2000 FT
and 3.0 iNM
Unrestricted
Mode
10,000 FT
and 6.0 iNM
10,000 FT
and 6.0 iNM
5,000 FT and
3.0 iNM
Figure 1-2 Air Traffic Shield Limits
1.4
FACTORY SETTINGS
The Ryan TCAD 9900 Series is delivered with the following settings:
Audio Volume:
Mute Duration:
ENRT Shield Size:
STD Shield Size
TRML Shield Size:
Altimeter Setting:
Density Altitude Temperature:
Altitude Alert:
Voice
1.5
Mid Range
30 seconds
±2000 feet, 3.0 iNM
±1000 feet, 2.0 iNM
±500 feet, 1.0 iNM
29.92 inches
+59°F (+15°C)
5,000 feet
Enabled (9900A and 9900B)
UNITS AND ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED
Ryan TCAD 9900 Series Model 9900 (P/N 71-2000), Model 9900A (P/N 71-2200) and
Model 9900B (P/N 71-2400) consisting of:
A.
Ryan TCAD 9900 Series Display Assembly, including:
a.
Display Unit:
Model 9900 P/N 70-2100
Model 9900A P/N 70-2300
Model 9900B P/N 70-2500
b.
Display Clamp Assembly P/N 28-3110
c.
Display Connector kit P/N 61-2003, including
(a) 9 pin ‘D’ Connector - Socket
(b) 9-pin ‘D’ Shell
(c) ‘D’ Connector Jack Screw Kit
(d) ‘D’ Connector Socket Pins
An optional second Display is available.
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Page 1-4
B.
Ryan TCAD 9900 Series Processor Assembly, including:
a.
Processor Unit:
P/N 70-2000 (9900), P/N 70-2200 (9900A), P/N 70-2400 (9900B)
b.
Mounting Tray P/N 60-2006 with Doubler Plate (P/N 28-2208)
c.
Processor Connectors P/N 62-2001
(a)
9-pin ‘D’ Connector jack screws and shell - (jumper installed)
(b)
15-pin ‘D’ Plug Connector, jack screws, pins and shell
(c)
25-pin ‘D’ Socket Connector, jack screws, pins and shell
d.
EMI and DME Suppression Kit P/N 62-2003
(a) Two diodes, one resistor and one inductor
C.
Transponder Coupler, P/N 70-2040
a.
Two Type ‘N’ Plug Connectors, P/N 62-2040
b.
Four Mounting Screws, 6-32 x 1-3/8”, Stainless Steel
NOTE:
If dual transponders are installed on the aircraft, a second Transponder
Coupler with accessories is required.
1.6
D.
Literature Pack, P/N 63-2004
a.
Installation Manual, 9900 Series
b.
Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH), 9900 Series, including the
Multifunction Display (MFD) Interface Supplement to the Pilot's
Operating Handbook
c.
Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
d.
Information Concerning Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
e.
Sample Flight Manual Supplement for TCAD
f.
Copy of STC 1763GL
E.
Model 9900B:
a.
Bearing Antenna Kit P/N 70-2410 consisting of:
(a)
Two L-Band antennas, Top (T) and Bottom (B), conforming
to TSO C74c and U.S. Patent 5,552,788. Sensor Systems
P/N S72-1750-31L and S72-1750-32L
(b)
Two Doubler Plates, Sensor Systems P/N S72-17500-1
b.
Model 9900B Multifunction Display Literature Pack, P/N 63-2003,
including:
(a)
Multifunction Display Interface Installation Instructions
(b)
Multifunction Display Interface Supplement to the Pilot's
Operating Handbook (included in POH, see D. above)
(c)
Sample Flight Manual Supplement for MFD Interface
(d)
Copy of STC 00900NY
LICENSE REQUIREMENTS
The Ryan TCAD is a passive receiver, and does not require an Aircraft Station License.
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Page 1-5
1.7
UNITS & ACCESSORIES REQUIRED BUT NOT SUPPLIED
A.
Altitude Encoding Device, conforming to TSO C88a.
B.
Model 9900 and 9900A: Two L-band antennas, maximum VSWR 1.4 at
1090Mhz conforming to TSO C66a, C66b, or C74c. The Comant CI 105 is
recommended for most applications, or Comant CI 100 for higher speed
aircraft. Comant Industries, Santa Fe Springs, CA, telephone: 562-9466694.
C.
Wiring:
Antennas: See Figure 1-3 for cable requirements.
Display: Multi-Conductor Shielded cable for EIA-232 applications.
Optionally, twinaxial cable such as Belden 9222, may be used.
Processor: #22 AWG (power and ground); #24 AWG (other connections).
Suppression and Coupler: Use 50-ohm coaxial cable.
D.
Circuit breaker, trip-free resettable, 3 Amperes.
E.
A BNC T-adapter is required when two Transponder Couplers are used.
F.
Standard BNC plug connectors for Coupler cable ends, two per transponder.
G.
Standard TNC plug connectors for antenna cable ends at the TCAD
Processor, and connectors appropriate for the antennas used.
1.8
INSTALLATION APPROVAL BASIS
The person who performs or supervises the installation of the Ryan TCAD may be
required to prepare FAA form 337. See Figure 1-2 for a Sample Description of Work
Accomplished. The Ryan TCAD is an isolated self-contained system operating as a
supplement to “see and avoid” procedures. An original STC has been awarded, making
the system eligible for follow-on field approval consideration. Data that can be used as a
basis for approval for return to service are:
A.
STC Documents (Supplied in the Literature Pack).
B.
AC 43.13-1 and -2; Acceptable Methods, Techniques, and Practices.
C.
DO-160C; Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne
Equipment (see Figure 1-4).
D.
Manufacturer's installation instructions.
E.
The antenna locations must be structurally substantiated.
Equipment installation procedures do not differ significantly among various aircraft. The
installation and operation of the Ryan TCAD does not materially affect aircraft operation
or performance.
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Ryan TCAD 9900 Series
Page 1-6
The Sample Description of Work Accomplished (Figure 1-4) is suggested language
provided as a convenience to the installing agency. The information and wording should
be modified to correctly describe the particular installation. Ryan International
Corporation assumes no responsibility for alterations to the airframe.
1.9
ANTENNA CABLE REQUIREMENTS
TCAD measures the signal strength of received transponder replies to estimate distance.
Proper range performance is dependent on correct antenna cable attenuation, which is
directly related to proper cable types, lengths and the quality of the cable terminations.
TCAD is designed for 3±½dB loss in the antenna cables. In addition, the cable loss of
each cable must match within 0.2 dB (about 12 inches). This is normally accomplished by
keeping the lengths and configurations the same for each cable.
NOTE:
Matched antenna cable lengths are important. The top and bottom antenna
cable attenuation should be matched to within 0.2dB.
Figure 1-3 identifies recommended cable types. Cables from other manufacturers can be
used. If so, the loss at 1GHz must be supplied and used to calculate the cable length.
Cable Length
to meet 3dB
requirement
Cable Attenuation
(dB/100 feet
@1 GHz)
Recommended Cable
Note: Equivalent cable with proper attenuation
may be used. Contact the cable manufacturer.
15± 2 feet
19.6
ECS* 3C058A
24± 3 feet
13.0
ECS 3C142B, EMTEQ* PFLX175-100 or
PIC* S44191
26± 4 feet
11.5
ECS 311901, EMTEQ PFLX 195-100 or
PIC S44193
35± 5 feet
8.6
ECS 311601
45± 8 feet
6.6
EMTEQ PFLX340-100
*High-performance cables usually require special connectors. Contact the cable
manufacturer for more information. To Contact ECS, call 1-800-ECS-WIRE;
EMTEQ, 888-679-6170; and PIC Wire & Cable 1-800-742-3191.
Figure 1-3
Antenna Cable Requirements
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Ryan TCAD 9900 Series
Page 1-7
8. Description of Work Accomplished
(If more space is required, attach additional sheets. Identify with aircraft nationality and
registration mark and date work completed.)
A.
The following equipment and components were installed:
1. TCAD MODEL (insert Model Number) Display Unit, P/N
(insert part number).
2. TCAD MODEL (insert Model Number)Processor, P/N (insert
part number), with Mounting tray.
3. Transponder Coupler, P/N 70-2040.
4. Two L-band antennas.
B.
The Display Unit was installed in (position in the instrument
panel) according to instructions in the Ryan TCAD
9900 Series Installation Manual, P/N 32-2301, dated (insert
date of manual), and guidance in FAA Advisory Circulars
43.13-1A,Chapter 11, and 43.13-2A, Chapters 1 and 2.
C.
The Processor was installed in the Mounting Tray Assembly,
located at (location in the aircraft) according to
instructions in the Ryan TCAD 9900 Series Installation
Manual, P/N 32-2301, dated (insert date of manual), and
guidance in FAA Advisory Circulars 43.13-1A, Chapter 11, and
43.13-2A, Chapters 1 and 2. (if mounted at a location other
than the avionics bay, substantiate the structural integrity)
D.
The Transponder Coupler was installed in (position of mounting
in the aircraft) according to instructions in the Ryan TCAD
9900 Series Installation Manual, P/N 32-2301, dated (insert
date of manual), and guidance in FAA Advisory Circulars
43.13-1A, Chapter 11, and 43.13-2A, Chapters 1 and 2.
E.
An L-band Antenna was installed on the top of the aircraft
fuselage in accordance with instructions and guidance
contained in FAA Advisory Circular 43.13-2A, Chapter 3.
F.
An L-band Antenna was installed on the bottom of the aircraft
fuselage in accordance with instructions and guidance
contained in FAA Advisory Circular 43.13-2A, Chapter 3.
NOTE: Include structural substantiation of antennas.
G.
An electrical load analysis was performed and found that the
continuous load of the alternator (generator or other supply)
does not exceed 80% of capacity.
(continued)
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Ryan TCAD 9900 Series
Page 1-8
H.
A complete operational test was performed according to
Ryan TCAD 9900 Series Installation Manual, P/N 32-2301
dated (insert date of manual). The equipment performed
satisfactorily and did not adversely affect existing
components or systems in the aircraft as required by FAR
23.1301 (or FAR 25.1301, FAR 27.1301, or FAR 29.1301 as
applicable).
I.
The aircraft equipment list was revised to reflect these
changes; weight and balance data was revised and placed in the
aircraft records. A Ryan TCAD Pilot's Handbook, P/N 32-2302
dated (insert date of Handbook), was placed in the aircraft.
(NOTE: Use of the Annunciator Output and/or interconnection
with a Multifunction Display should also be documented).
Figure 1-4
1.10
Sample Description of Work Accomplished
INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTINUED AIRWORTHINESS
The Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (ICA) document and other information
pertaining to Instructions for Airworthiness are contained in the Literature Pack supplied
with the TCAD. A copy of the ICA document should be provided to the
Owner/Operator. If a copy of the ICA document is not available, contact Ryan
International Corporation for a copy.
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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALIFICATIONS
NOMENCLATURE:
Ryan TCAD Air Traffic Shield
MODEL NUMBER:
9900 Series
MANUFACTURER'S SPECIFICATION:
Ryan TCAD Performance Requirements
MANUFACTURER: Ryan International Corporation
4800 Evanswood Drive
Columbus, Ohio 43229
CONDITIONS
DO-160C
SECTION
DESCRIPTION OF
TESTS CONDUCTED
TEMPERATURE
AND ALTITUDE
4.0
EQUIPMENT TESTED TO CATEGORIES F1
(DISPLAY) AND F2 (PROCESSOR)
TEMPERATURE
VARIATION
5.0
EQUIPMENT TESTED TO CATEGORY B
HUMIDITY
6.0
EQUIPMENT TESTED TO CATEGORY A
OPERATIONAL SHOCK
AND CRASH SAFETY
7.0
EQUIPMENT TESTED PER DO-160C
PARAGRAPHS 7.2 AND 7.3
VIBRATION
8.0
EQUIPMENT TESTED TO
CATEGORIES M, N, AND B (Table 8-1)
EXPLOSION
9.0
EQUIPMENT IDENTIFIED AS CATEGORY
‘X’, NOT TEST REQUIRED
WATERPROOFNESS
10.0
EQUIPMENT IDENTIFIED AS CATEGORY
‘X’, NOT TEST REQUIRED
FLUIDS
SUSCEPTIBILITY
11.0
EQUIPMENT IDENTIFIED AS CATEGORY
‘X’, NOT TEST REQUIRED
SAND AND DUST
12.0
EQUIPMENT IDENTIFIED AS CATEGORY
‘X’, NOT TEST REQUIRED
FUNGUS
13.0
EQUIPMENT IDENTIFIED AS CATEGORY
‘X’, NOT TEST REQUIRED
SALT SPRAY
14.0
EQUIPMENT IDENTIFIED AS CATEGORY
‘X’, NOT TEST REQUIRED
(Continued)
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MAGNETIC EFFECT
15.0
EQUIPMENT TESTED AS CLASS A
POWER INPUT
16.0
EQUIPMENT TESTED TO CATEGORY B
VOLTAGE SPIKE
CONDUCTED
17.0
EQUIPMENT TESTED TO CATEGORY A
AUDIO FREQUENCY
CONDUCTED
SUSCEPTIBILITY
18.0
EQUIPMENT TESTED TO CATEGORY B
INDUCED SIGNAL
SUSCEPTIBILITY
19.0
EQUIPMENT TESTED TO CATEGORY A
RADIO FREQUENCY
SUSCEPTIBILITY
20.0
EQUIPMENT TESTED TO CATEGORY T
RADIO FREQUENCY
EMISSION
21.0
EQUIPMENT TESTED TO CATEGORY A
LIGHTNING INDUCED
TRANSIENT SUSCPT
22.0
EQUIPMENT IDENTIFIED AS CATEGORY
‘X’, NOT TEST REQUIRED
LIGHTNING DIRECT
EFFECTS
23.0
EQUIPMENT IDENTIFIED AS CATEGORY
‘X’, NO TEST REQUIRED
ICING
24.0
EQUIPMENT IDENTIFIED AS CATEGORY
‘X’, NO TEST REQUIRED
Figure 1-5
Environmental Qualifications
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SECTION II
INSTALLATION
2.1
GENERAL
The Ryan TCAD should be installed according to this manual and AC 43.13-1A and -2A.
Cable harnesses and mechanical supports must be fabricated by the installing agency to
these requirements. This Section contains interconnect diagrams, mounting dimensions,
antenna placement and other information pertaining to installation. See Section VI for
installation tips. For instructions regarding multifunction displays, see Model 9900B
Multifunction Display Interface Installation Instructions, Document 32-2304.
The TCAD consists of three major components, plus antennas:
• Display with Mounting Clamp
• Processor with Mounting Tray
• Transponder Coupler
In addition, two L-band transponder antennas are required, one top mounted on the
aircraft fuselage, and one bottom mounted on the aircraft fuselage. The Model 9900B
antennas are supplied, the antennas for the Model 9900 and 9900A are not supplied. A
second display is optional. Figure 2-1 illustrates the three major components.
Refer to Section IV for checkout and Customer Care checklist.
2.2
UNPACKING AND INSPECTION
Exercise care when unpacking the equipment. Make a visual inspection of the unit for
evidence of damage incurred during shipment. If a claim for damage is to be made, save
the shipping container to substantiate the claim. The claim should be filed with the
transportation company. Retain the container and packaging material after the equipment
has been removed should equipment storage or reshipment become necessary.
2.3
TRANSPONDER AND ENCODER REQUIREMENTS
The on-board transponder(s) must accept suppression input (often called DME or mutual
suppression). A transponder is not required for proper operation of the TCAD.
An altitude encoder is required. Encoders that conform to TSO C88a can be used.
Normally, TCAD can be paralleled on the output of an encoder without degrading the
encoder performance. The installing agency must make this determination. TCAD
altitude input lines are diode isolated (see figure 2-18).
Ordinarily, TCAD should be connected to the encoder that is connected to the
transponder.
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Figure 2-1
TCAD Components (Antennas not shown)
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2.4
SUPPRESSION
Transponder and DME suppression are required for TCAD operation. TCAD sends and
receives positive-going suppression signals. The outgoing suppression amplitude is
approximately battery voltage.
DME suppression is used to insure the DME does not interfere with the transponder or
the TCAD. Interference that causes transponder squitter (unsolicited replies) from any
source reduces data available to the TCAD. See Transponder Suppression Section VI.
TCAD is compatible with both mutual and unidirectional suppression systems.
Figure 2-2 lists the availability of suppression for popular transponders.
TCAD suppression can be connected directly to any ARINC-standard mutual suppression
bus. Not all suppression busses conform to ARINC standards. See the Note below.
NOTE:
Not all transponder suppression configurations conform to ARINC
standards. See Figure 2-16 for conformance information.
Manufacturer
Model
Suppression
Remarks
ARC
359
459
859
1060
* Yes
*Yes
*Yes
Yes
*Can be modified to accept
suppression. Contact
Sigma Tek, Inc.
Collins
TDR950
All Others
Yes
Yes
See Figure 2-16
See Figure 2-16
King
KT-76
KT-78
KT-76A
KT-78A
All Others
None
None
Yes
Yes
Yes
Not compatible
Not compatible
See Figure 2-16
See Figure 2-16
See Figure 2-16
Narco
AT50
AT50A
All Others
Yes
Yes
Yes
Terra
Radair 250
Yes
Yes
TRT 250
Figure 2-2
Availability of Suppression for Popular Transponders
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2.5
ANNUNCIATOR OUTPUT
An output is provided for a remote indication of traffic on the Display. A switched
ground is available from the Processor Unit. The output can be used for an annunciator
light. The output is grounded when traffic is displayed, and the circuit opens when traffic
is no longer displayed. See Annunciator light, Section VI, for more information.
NOTE:
The Annunciator circuit requires a ground. Applying a voltage to this
input can damage the TCAD Processor.
The maximum current through the Annunciator output must be limited to 100mA.
2.6
COOLING
Elevated operating temperatures reduce reliability. Forced-air cooling is not required,
however, allow sufficient space around the Display to allow adequate convective cooling.
2.7
ANTENNA PLACEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
The top antenna is the primary antenna for the TCAD, and should be mounted as high up
and as far forward as practical, normally directly above the cockpit. Mounting the antenna
aft of this location will usually result in unsatisfactory performance. The antenna should
be a minimum of six inches aft of the windshield, with a minimum of six inches of
undisturbed ground plane around the antenna.
The bottom antenna requirements are less strict, but should be toward the front of the
aircraft and at least 36 inches from other L-band transmitting antennas. See Paragraph
2.13 for mechanical requirements. Section VI contains additional information on antenna
placement.
The cable lengths for the top and bottom antennas should be equivalent, having matched
attenuation within 0.2dB (matched within two inches). See Paragraph 2.18.
2.8
TRANSPONDER COUPLER
The Transponder Coupler supplies the Processor with a transponder transmit signal.
A Transponder Coupler is required for each transponder. The Coupler is normally
installed near the transponder, behind the instrument panel or in the equipment rack. See
Paragraph 1.7 for recommended interconnect cable type.
See Figure 2-8 for mounting dimensions and Figure 2-17 for installation of interconnecting
cables to the Transponder Coupler.
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When routing the Coupler Cable, make the run as short as practical, and avoid routing
with any cable that may emit excessive EMI, such as DME, transponder cables,
suppression lines from other equipment or high-current power cables.
When mounting the Transponder Coupler, use the type-N connectors provided. Use of
BNC to Type-N adapters can increase the VSWR in the transponder cabling. Check the
output frequency of the transponder at its antenna after installing the Coupler to
insure that a standing wave has not been introduced.
NOTE:
Insure that the mounting location for the coupler is accessible and
at a location that provides a good ground. Normally, the mounting tray or avionics rack is
not a good ground.
2.9
INITIAL BENCH CHECK
Every Ryan TCAD is checked for operation before shipment. Occasionally however, a
unit may not function after shipment. To avoid undue inconvenience, an initial bench
check is appropriate. See Paragraph 4.3 for this procedure.
2.10
MECHANICAL INSTALLATION OF DISPLAY
The Display is rigidly mounted in the instrument panel, and is secured using the clamp
provided. Allow adequate space for installation of cables and connectors. Figure 2-3
illustrates the Display mounting, Figure 2-4 gives the Display overall size and Figure 2-5
shows the panel cutout.
CAUTION:
When removing the Display, do not pull the ON/OFF switch.
Pull from behind the trim ring of the bezel.
Figure 2-3
Display Mounting
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Figure 2-4
Display Dimensions
Figure 2-5
Panel Cutout for Display
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2.11
MECHANICAL INSTALLATION OF PROCESSOR
Listed below are factors and suggestions to consider before installing the Ryan TCAD
Processor and Mounting Tray. Close adherence to these suggestions will assure optimum
performance.
Figure 2-6
A.
Allow adequate space for installation of cables and connectors.
B.
Install the Processor in the avionics bay. If installed at a location other
than the avionics bay, the location should be structurally substantiated.
Processor Mounting Tray
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Figure 2-7
C.
The Processor Mounting Tray can be installed horizontally or
vertically using the mounting holes provided. For horizontal mounting,
the mounting holes have 5.76” x 5.82” spacing; for vertical mounting,
the mounting holes have 1.69” x 5.82” spacing (see Figure 2-6). Use
four 10-32 pan head screws for mounting. For vertical mount, use the
doubler plate provided.
D.
The Processor is mounted in the tray by sliding the unit along the rails
until the rear of the Processor contacts the tray. Then tighten the TWO
diagonal retaining screws securely. See Figure 2-7 below.
Processor with Mounting Tray
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2.12
MECHANICAL INSTALLATION OF TRANSPONDER COUPLER
NOTE:
Insure that the transponder antenna cabling is serviceable, and the shielding
is properly secured to the connectors. Poor shielding of the transponder radiation can
cause interference. If there is any question about the condition of the transponder cable,
replace it.
Figure 2-8
A.
The Transponder Coupler can be installed in the avionics bay or behind
the instrument panel, using the mounting holes provided. Mounting
location should be accessible. Use number eight-size screws minimum.
B.
The Transponder Coupler can be installed vertically, horizontally, or
upside down.
C.
See Figure 2-8 for mounting dimensions.
D.
Grounding of the coupler is important. Be sure the coupler is well
grounded to the airframe.
Transponder Coupler
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2.13
MECHANICAL INSTALLATION OF ANTENNAS
Refer to FAA Advisory Circular 43.13-2A, "Acceptable Methods, Techniques and
Practices, Aircraft Alterations" and other approved guidance for instructions on proper Lband antenna and doubler plate installation and sealing.
NOTE:
The Installing agency is responsible for structural substantiation of the
antenna locations. See Section VI for more information.
The TCAD requires both a TOP mounted antenna, and a BOTTOM mounted antenna.
These antennas are not furnished. For high-speed aircraft, use an L-band antenna
appropriate to the aircraft speed. See Paragraph 1.7 for recommended antenna types.
CAUTION: Proper antenna location is important. It is best for one of the two antennas
to have line-of-sight to threat aircraft. This is not possible for every direction from the
host aircraft, but priority should be toward the forward part of the host aircraft. See
Section VI for additional information and Paragraph 2.7 for additional placement
guidelines.
Figure 2-9
Recommended Antenna Locations
A.
NOTE:
antenna.
Locate the L-band antenna on the top surface of the aircraft as high on
the airframe and as far forward as practical. Mount close to the aircraft
centerline and in a vertical position when the aircraft is in level flight.
Generally, the antenna mounts above the cockpit (see Figure 2-9).
Customer satisfaction is directly related to the proper location of the top
B.
The antennas should be mounted at least 12-inches from access panels,
doors, or other openings to provide a good ground plane. To the extent
practicable, mount the antenna so the base is horizontal when the
aircraft is in cruise attitude.
C.
Avoid mounting the antennas within two feet of other antennas, or
physical obstructions (three feet for DME or transponder antennas).
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2.14
D.
The bottom mounted TCAD antenna should be at least three feet from
transponder or DME antennas.
E.
The cable lengths must be matched and meet the 3dB requirement. See
Paragraph 1.9.
F.
Avoid mounting the bottom antenna where exhaust or oil will
contaminate the surface of the antenna.
OVERVIEW OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
The block diagram in Figure 2-10 provides an overview of TCAD wiring. This simplified
illustration depicts the basic elements of the electrical wiring, and allows the installer to
better comprehend the total installation before proceeding with detailed steps.
The 9-pin connector marked “COM 1” is for an external computer interface with TCAD,
and is not normally used.
All wiring should be secured to prevent chafing and faulty connections. Refer to Advisory
Circular 43.13-2A.
NOTE:
A 3-Ampere trip-free resettable circuit breaker must be installed between
the aircraft electrical bus and the TCAD Processor and Display.
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Figure 2-10
Block Diagram of Electrical Wiring
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2.15
ELECTRICAL WIRING OF DISPLAY AND PROCESSOR
A 25-pin connector marked P1 on the Processor, and the 9-pin connector (P910) on the
Display, interconnect the Processor and Display. The front panel view of the Processor is
shown in Figure 2-11 below, which illustrates the location of P1. P1 is also connected to
devices other than the Display.
Figure 2-11
Processor Front Panel View (9900, 9900A above, 9900B below)
The electrical wiring between Processor and Display(s) is shown in Figure 2-14 and Figure
2-15. Figure 2-14 illustrates wiring for a single transponder and single Display. Figure 215 illustrates wiring for dual transponders or dual Displays. See Paragraph 1.7 for wire
types. Further, referring to Figure 2-14 or Figure 2-15 as appropriate, the battery power,
audio, and annunciator (if used) can be wired. Install a trip-free resettable, 3-Ampere,
circuit breaker between the battery power for TCAD and the aircraft power bus (see
Paragraph 1.7). Audio from the TCAD has a power level of 100 mW into 600 ohms, and
should be connected through the audio panel, typically through an unswitched input. The
use of the annunciator feature is described in Paragraph 2.5. Connection of suppression to
the Processor is described in Paragraph 2.16.
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Figure 2-12
25-Pin Cable-End Receptacle for Mating with P1
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Figure 2-13
9-Pin Cable-End Receptacle for Mating with P910
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Figure 2-14
Wiring Diagram for a Single Display or a Single Transponder
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Figure 2-15
Wiring Diagram for Dual Displays or Dual Transponders
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2.16
ELECTRICAL WIRING OF SUPPRESSION
Paragraph 2.4 describes suppression. When a transponder is aboard the aircraft, the
transponder input suppression must meet ARINC standards. Figure 2-2 gives a list of
common transponders and their suppression characteristics. TCAD is compatible with
both mutual and unidirectional suppression systems.
Suppression of DME will assure that the DME does not interfere with the transponder and
reduce data available to the TCAD. If DME is not on the suppression bus, connect it.
Figures 2-14 and 2-15 illustrate normal wiring for transponder and DME suppression.
The suppression characteristics of some transponders and DMEs do not conform to
ARINC standards, but the condition can be corrected with external components. See
Figure 2-16. Most of the components needed are included in the TCAD installation kit.
For more information see Transponder Suppression, Section VI.
Figure 2-16
Suppression Configurations
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2.17
ELECTRICAL WIRING OF TRANSPONDER COUPLER
The Transponder Coupler connectors are type-N for the transponder antenna cable
connections, and BNC for the output to TCAD. Refer to Figure 2-8 for coupler size, and
Figure 2-14 or Figure 2-15 as appropriate for wiring. Refer to Figure 2-17 for cable
fabrication and connection.
NOTE:
Route the coupler cable away from possible sources of EMI such as DME,
transponder cables, suppression lines from other equipment or high-current
power cables.
A.
The coaxial cable going from the transponder to the transponder
antenna may be cut anywhere along the cable length, and install type-N
plug connectors appropriate for the coaxial cable size. Type-N
connectors for small diameter coaxial cables are supplied, and type-N
connectors for larger diameter (RG-8, etc.) cables are available on
request. The transponder coupler should be installed in an accessible
location.
B.
Connect the cable end from the transponder antenna to the coupler
connector marked “ANT.”
C.
Connect the cable end from the transponder to the coupler connector
marked “XPDR”.
D.
Prepare a 50 ohm coaxial cable, going from the coupler to the
Processor, with BNC plug connectors on both ends. Connect one end
of this cable to the Coupler BNC connector labeled “TCAD,” and
connect the other end to the Processor BNC connector marked
“COUPLER”.
E.
For dual transponder installations, use two Transponder Couplers.
Connect the Coupler outputs that would normally go to the Processor
to a BNC T-adapter. Then connect the coaxial cable from the T-adapter
to the Processor (See Figure 2-15).
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Figure 2-17
2.18
Installing Cables to the Transponder Coupler
ANTENNA CABLE INSTALLATION
Lengths of 50 ohm coaxial cable are used to connect the TOP and BOTTOM antennas to
the Processor. Cable attenuation must be 3± 0.5dB @ 1 GHz. See Paragraph 1.9 for
important attenuation requirements.
The antenna cables must be marked with the antenna connector number (J1 through J4 on
the 9900B) to insure proper and antenna connection at the Processor.
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Terminate each cable at the Processor with TNC plug connectors. Terminate each cable
end at each antenna using the mating connector required by the antenna (BNC or TNC).
Connect the cable ends at the antennas to each antenna. At the Processor, connect the
TOP antenna to the terminal(s) marked “TOP,” and connect the BOTTOM antenna to the
terminal(s) marked “BOTTOM.” Figure 2-11 illustrates the location of these terminals on
the Processor.
Precautions in routing antenna cables:
A.
Route the cable avoiding sharp bends and using strain relief. Secure
as necessary to prevent chafing. Avoid routing antenna cables with
other electrical cables.
B.
Avoid tie-wrapping transponder output cables or GPS antenna cables
with TCAD antenna cables. Also, do not tie-wrap a cable bundle so as
to deform cables. Separate the coupler line and TCAD antenna from
other transmitting cables as much as possible.
C.
Insure that all connections are sound, i.e. avoid frayed and exposed
shields.
NOTE:
Some of the cable types specified for the antenna lines have unusual
diameters and stiffness. Use the proper connectors and crimping tools to assure good
connection and shielding.
2.19
ELECTRICAL WIRING OF ALTITUDE ENCODER
An altitude encoder is required in order that TCAD can compare the altitude of a threat
aircraft with the host aircraft to display altitude separation. Also, using data from an
altitude encoder, corrected for barometric pressure, TCAD can display the altitude of both
host and threat aircraft.
Encoders that meet the requirements of TSO C88a can be used. Ordinarily, TCAD should
be connected to the encoder connected to the transponder, as the encoder inputs to TCAD
are totally isolated as depicted by Figure 2-18. By using the same altitude encoder for
both transponder and TCAD, the pilot will view the same altitude as reported by the onboard transponder to ATC.
The altitude encoder is connected to the TCAD Processor through the 15-pin connector,
J1. The location is illustrated by Figure 2-11. Figure 2-19 illustrates the 15-pin cable-end
connector for mating with J1. Refer to either Figure 2-14 or Figure 2-15 for wiring
details.
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Figure 2-18 Internal Diode Isolation of Altitude Encoder Lines
Figure 2-19
15-Pin Cable-End Plug for Mating with J1
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Figure 2-20
Model 9900B Top antenna illustration
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Figure 2-21 Model 9900B Bottom antenna illustration
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SECTION III
OPERATION
3.1
GENERAL
TCAD uses transponder replies to compute bearing (9900B), relative altitude and range
from nearby Mode C or Mode S-equipped aircraft. Non-Mode C aircraft provide range
information only.
Relative altitude information is derived from decoding the altitude replies from nearby
aircraft, and comparing the data with the encoded altitude information from the host
aircraft. Range information is determined from the arrival amplitude of the transponder
signal. TCAD displays the range in indicated Nautical Miles (iNM). Refer to the Pilot's
Handbook (P/N 32-2302) for TCAD Limits. Bearing is derived from dual directional
antennas and associated receivers.
The 9900 Series Display uses 20 LED cells to communicate alphanumeric information.
Audible and visual alerts are provided. See Figure 3-1 for special symbols used, and
Figures 3-2 and 3-3 for basic Display information.
A tone or voice, and an optional annunciator output (for an annunciator lamp) is used to
call attention to a detected threat that has penetrated the Air Traffic Shield. Additionally,
when the Altitude Alert is engaged, a distinctive short tone is generated to call attention to
either arrival at a target altitude, or an altitude deviation.
3.2
AUDIO & VISUAL ALERT
One visual and four audible alerts are used by TCAD:
TRAFFIC DETECTION
A single tone or voice alert for traffic detected inside
the selected Air Traffic Shield. When traffic is
detected close to the host aircraft, the tones become
repetitive. See the Pilot's Handbook.
ALTITUDE ALERT
A non-repetitive tone for the Altitude Alert function.
PERFORMANCE MONITOR
A non-repetitive tone indicating a detected TCAD
malfunction.
VISUAL ALERT
An auxiliary output connected to an annunciator
lamp, providing a visual alert to displayed traffic.
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3.3
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATOR CONTROLS
Operator controls are illustrated and described as follows:
PWR/MUTE: A push-on, pull-off button for supplying power to the unit. Also, when
the threat warning tone sounds, a momentary push of this button disables the tone for a
fixed time interval. The time interval is pilot adjustable.
DATA: Used to identify the 4-digit identity code or N-number of Mode S targets (9900A
and 9900B), and the MSL altitude of the primary threat.
TRML: Terminal Mode, sets the range and altitude Shield size to Terminal.
STD: Standard Mode, sets the range and altitude Shield size to Standard.
ENRT: Enroute Mode, sets the range and altitude Shield size to Enroute.
UP ARROW (s
s ): For data entry and user programming.
DOWN ARROW (t
t ): For data entry and user programming.
Pressing two buttons simultaneously accesses six functions:
UP (s
s ) & DOWN ARROW (t
t ): To engage or disengage the Altitude Alert function.
DATA & TRML: To engage or disengage the Density Altitude function.
TRML & STD: By pressing these two buttons, the Ground Mode can be engaged.
STD & ENRT: These buttons engage the Unrestricted Mode of operation.
DATA & ENRT: These buttons engage the Pilot Initiated Test function.
TRML & MUTE: These buttons engage the Approach Mode set-up.
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3.4
SYMBOLS
Below is an illustration and brief description of the special symbols used on the TCAD:
Figure 3-1
Display Symbols
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3.5
BASIC DISPLAYS
There are two basic displays in the operation of the Ryan TCAD:
•
When the unit is searching, and
•
When a threat is acquired.
The following illustrations show typical displays and associated controls:
Search Configuration
¬
TCAD is searching for a threat.
-
Own Aircraft altitude.
®
Self-Test Cursor.
¯
Mode indicator (shown indicating Enroute Mode).
°
Used to adjust TCAD parameters, barometric pressure, and
to engage/disengage the Altitude Alert.
±
"A" - Altitude Alert engaged.
²
"M" - displayed when tones are muted.
³
Pull off, push on, and used to mute traffic tones for a specified duration.
È
Used to select mode.
Figure 3-2
Controls and Display, Search Configuration
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Threat Acquisition
¬
Traffic range is 2.1 indicated Nautical Miles, approximately
1:30 (Model 9900B)
-
Threat is 300 feet above and converging in altitude.
®
Mode indicator (shown in Terminal Mode).
¯
s Used to display secondary threat.
t Used to display third level threat.
°
Second and third level threats have been detected. Flashing
indicates nearby in altitude (See the Pilot's Handbook).
±
Pull off, push on. Also used to mute audible tones for a
specified duration.
²
Used to select mode, and for initiating Barometric Pressure
adjustment prior to using the s and t buttons.
³
Shows additional data about displayed traffic.
Figure 3-3
Controls and Display, Threat Configuration
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3.6
THE AIR TRAFFIC SHIELD
The volume of airspace in which traffic should be detected changes with the traffic
density. When traffic is light, and aircraft are at cruising speeds, a large area of airspace
should be monitored. In higher density airspace, when the pilot is more alert for traffic
and speeds are limited, a smaller surveillance volume is generally appropriate.
The concept of an Air Traffic Shield is used to describe an adjustable volume of airspace,
controlled by the pilot to display potential threats, yet prevent extraneous traffic from
being displayed.
The Air Traffic Shield is a slice of airspace of specified radius and specified height above
and below the aircraft, where a detected threat normally cannot enter without generating
an alert.
3.7
OPERATING MODES
The Ryan TCAD provides three quickly selectable and pilot programmable shield volumes,
designated as the Enroute (ENRT), Standard (STD), and Terminal (TRML) modes. See
Figure 1-2 for Shield limits.
The TCAD displays threat data when an intruder is detected near the shield, and a tone is
generated when the threat enters the shield. The MUTE button may be used to suppress
the tone for a specified duration.
To avoid nuisance indications on the ground, a special sub-mode of the Terminal Mode,
called the Ground Mode, can be automatically activated. The Ground Mode has the same
height as the Standard Mode shield size and range dimension of the Terminal Mode.
Traffic is not displayed at and below 100 feet above the host altitude, and all alert tones
are muted. Thus data available from traffic near the airport is displayed, and aircraft on
the ground are not displayed.
The Ground Mode is activated automatically upon initialization, or by pressing the TRML
and STD buttons. See Paragraph 3.11 and the Pilot's Handbook for more information.
A transition symbol of "DP", for departure is shown in the Mode cell during the transition
from the 200 foot level to the full dimension of the Terminal shield.
The Approach Mode can be activated before landing to eliminate tones caused by aircraft
on the ground as the TCAD-equipped airplane approaches the runway.
In order to use the Approach Mode before landing, TCAD must be supplied with the
destination elevation.
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Anytime before landing, the pilot can access the mode by pressing the MUTE and TRML
buttons (thus Muting the Terminal). The status window will show APCH. The top line
of the TCAD Display will show FldElev:, and the lower line will show >>xx00ft (xx is
normally the elevation previously set into this mode). The s and t buttons can be used
to enter the destination field elevation. Pressing the MUTE button again restores TCAD
to the previously selected mode (or eight seconds elapsed time will return TCAD to the
previously selected mode). When the base of the Terminal shield gets within 100 feet of
the selected field elevation, TCAD automatically enters the Approach Mode, as
shown by "AP" in the Mode cell. When the airplane gets within 100 feet of the field
elevation, threat tones are muted, as indicated by the "M" in the status window, and the
Ground Mode is activated, as indicated by the "G" in the Mode cell.
When preset, TCAD will automatically enter the Approach Mode from the Terminal,
Standard, Enroute, or Unrestricted Mode.
The Unrestricted Mode can be selected by pressing the Enroute and Standard buttons
simultaneously (the letter "U" is indicated in the mode cell). This increases the airspace
monitored by TCAD, but alert tones are not issued unless the traffic is detected inside the
Enroute shield. See Figure 1-2 for Unrestricted Mode limits.
If, while in the Unrestricted Mode, traffic is detected inside the ENRT shield, the alert
tone will sound and TCAD automatically enters the Enroute Mode.
3.8
BEARING (Model 9900B)
Bearing to traffic is provided through a patented antenna and receiver system. Two
antennas, the first oriented longitudinally on the top of the aircraft, and a twin-blade on the
bottom of the aircraft, provide bearing resolution. Each antenna provides the bearing
solution and the opposing antenna provides the sense resolution. The signals are
combined and bearing to the traffic is presented on the TCAD Display in 45° increments.
The use of a multifunction display provides a more precise display of bearing to the traffic.
The patented TCAD Bearing Antenna system does not require phase matching of the
antenna cables.
Several benefits are realized through use of this technology. Bearing to traffic is available
at a lower cost. The antenna system is greatly simplified. Top and bottom antenna
coverage is preserved. Phase matching of the antenna cables is not required, which
reduces the complexity of the reception circuitry and simplifies the installation. Complete
antenna and equipment checkout can be accomplished on the ground without expensive
test equipment.
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3.9
PROGRAMMING
When completing an installation, the factory settings should be checked, and the
programming functions should be used to adjust the settings as necessary (see Factory
Settings Paragraph 1.4). The following paragraphs describe the programming functions.
To engage a programming function, the appropriate button is pressed twice. When this is
done, the current setting is displayed. The s and t buttons can be used to adjust the
displayed parameter. To select the next parameter, the appropriate button is pressed
again. When each parameter has been considered, TCAD returns to collision alert
operation. In all cases, if no button is pressed for about 8 seconds when in a programming
mode, the TCAD will return to collision alert operation.
3.10
SETTING THE SHIELD SIZE (9900A and 9900B)
Depress the selected button (TRML, STD, or ENRT) twice. The shield height in
hundreds of feet will be displayed. To change the height, press the s or t buttons.
Depress the selected button again for shield radius adjustment. Depress the mode button
once more to return TCAD to normal operation.
3.11
SETTING DENSITY ALTITUDE
Press the TRML and DATA buttons simultaneously. The previously programmed
temperature will be displayed on the right. Use the s and t buttons to set the actual
outside air temperature and read the Density Altitude on the left.
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3.12
SETTING TONE OPTIONS
Depress the MUTE button twice. The Tone Volume can be adjusted using the up or
down buttons. Depress MUTE again to adjust MUTE time duration. Depressing the
MUTE button again instructs TCAD to use voice or tones for audio traffic alert. A final
press of MUTE will return the TCAD to collision alert operation.
If no button is pressed for 8 seconds, the TCAD will automatically return to collision alert
operation. The sequence for tone related set up is as follows:
Press MUTE twice:
Adjust tone volume.
Press MUTE again:
Adjust Mute Duration, ten second intervals.
Press MUTE again:
Enable or disable Voice for traffic alert (9900A and 990B).
Press MUTE again:
Return to operation
3.13SETTING THE ALTITUDE ALERT
Press the s and t buttons simultaneously. The previously programmed altitude will be
displayed. Use the up and down buttons to set the selected altitude. Pressing the s and
t buttons again will engage the Altitude Alert. See the Pilot's Handbook for more
information.
3.14
TCAD FAULT DISPLAYS
If connections between the Processor and Display are broken or corrupted, LINK
FAILURE is displayed. Stars (*****) in place of the altitude display indicates TCAD is
not receiving valid altitude information.
3.15
PILOT INITIATED TEST
Activate this test by pressing the DATA and ENRT buttons. The following is displayed:
1. Testing Remote.
2. The Alert light illuminates (if installed) and the word “testing” is
generated in the audio system.
3. SYS CHK:
OK
4. COM LINK 100% (should be 95% or greater)
5. Testing Display.
6. The Display will then show the software versions.
Pressing any button can advance the Display images more quickly.
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3.16
DISCLAIMER
The Ryan TCAD has been meticulously designed to provide warning of nearby traffic. As
with any device, there are significant limitations. The TCAD can only detect signals if
they are received. There are many impediments that prevent the signal from being
received, including the lack of interrogation signals, and the relative signal patterns of the
transmitting and receiving antennas. We must declare, in the strongest of terms, that
TCAD is not foolproof, and will not warn of nearby traffic in every instance, nor will it, in
itself, prevent collisions. We make no claim in this regard. The pilot must make the
avoidance decisions. We do claim the TCAD is a very helpful device that can and has on
many occasions saved the aircraft and occupants from disaster. Further, it aids in traffic
awareness and traffic avoidance. The TCAD is an aid to the see and avoid process and
does not replace the common sense and good judgment of the pilot.
As a pilot, you must be relied upon for a certain level of competence and a high standard
of knowledge about the airspace, aerodynamics, regulations, and the Ryan TCAD. This
includes knowledge of the limitations as well as the capabilities of the TCAD. This
equipment is designed to increase the pilot's awareness of nearby traffic. It will not detect
every aircraft. It is not designed to replace the see and avoid responsibility of the pilot, or
the ATC responsibility in the IFR environment. The information provided by TCAD is not
intended to lessen in any manner the pilot's obligation to see and avoid traffic. The pilot in
command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the
operation of that aircraft.
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SECTION IV
PERFORMANCE TESTING
Proper testing of the TCAD in the host (TCAD Equipped) aircraft is
essential. Proper operation of critical functions can only be checked
during the Performance Test. Failures of these tests mean improper or
marginal performance of the TCAD. Performance testing is the most
important part of the installation.
4.1
GENERAL
Performance testing of the TCAD is conducted using standard test equipment.
There are three tests:
Computer Test:
To check the computer functions in TCAD. This test may be used for initial
testing or for troubleshooting.
Ramp Test:
To check the function of the TCAD, to confirm proper operation
of the host transponder and altitude encoder with TCAD on, to verify proper
computer receiver interface, to check antenna connections and to check the
interconnections with other equipment.
Audio Level Test:
To check correct audio level.
4.2
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
A.
Transponder Test Set, IFR Model ATC-1200Y3 or equivalent.
B.
Power Supply, 11-29V @5A, Hewlett Packard E3632A or equivalent.
4.3
COMPUTER TEST
This test may be performed when TCAD is isolated from the aircraft. The test can also be
performed in the aircraft. If the test is performed in the aircraft, disregard the Setup
instructions.
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4.3.1
SETUP WHEN TCAD IS ISOLATED FROM THE AIRCRAFT
A.
Using the instructions in Paragraph 4.8, set up the unit for operation on the
bench, simulating an altitude of 6,700 feet. It is not necessary to connect the
antenna.
B.
Set the power supply to 13.75VDC.
C.
When TCAD is installed in the aircraft, no set up is required for the
computer test.
4.3.2
COMPUTER TEST PROCEDURE
CAUTION: Check power level and wiring before applying power.
A.
Depress the Power Switch on the TCAD. After initialization, the Display will
show 6700 FT SRCHNG (TCAD will show field elevation if the test is
performed in the aircraft). The letter "G" will appear in the lower right cell
indicating operation in the Ground mode.
B.
To check the barometric pressure adjustment feature, depress any mode
button, then either the s or t button. The barometric pressure setting will
be shown. Confirm that the barometric pressure can be adjusted by holding
either button down for more than 1 second. Increase the barometric pressure
setting 0.2 inches. Verify that the altitude display increases by at least 100
feet. Return the Barometric pressure setting to 29.92.
C.
Depress both s and t buttons simultaneously to display the Altitude
Alert feature. Use the up button to set 6,700 feet (or field elevation if
performed in the aircraft). Depress both s and t buttons again. A small
upper case "A" will appear on the Display. (See Figure 3-2).
D.
Depress the ENRT button. The mode indicator will indicate the ENRT
Mode (See Display Symbols, Figure 3-1).
E.
Depress the MUTE button. A small upper case "M" will appear on the
Display for about 30 seconds.
F.
Depress the TRML and STD buttons simultaneously. The letter "G" will
appear in the lower right cell.
G.
Depress the ENRT and STD buttons simultaneously. The letter "U" will
appear in the lower right cell. ("U" will not appear if traffic is within ENRT
shield).
H.
Depress STD. The indicator for STD mode will replace the “U”.
I.
Depress MUTE twice. Verify audio is present and at an acceptable level.
(When TCAD is installed in the aircraft).
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4.4
RAMP TEST
This test checks the function of the TCAD, and confirms proper operation of the host
transponder and altitude encoder with TCAD on.
4.4.1
RAMP TEST SETUP
A.
Place the aircraft in an area where signal reflections can be minimized, and
place the transponder test set in position to interrogate the host transponder.
B.
Set the transponder test set for Mode A/C and interrogate the transponder.
C.
Verify proper operation of the host transponder.
4.4.2
RAMP TEST, SELF TEST FUNCTION
CAUTION: Check power and wiring before applying power.
After applying power to the aircraft, turn on all avionics. Then press the Power switch on
the TCAD. After initialization and adjusting the altimeter setting, the Display will show
field elevation ±100 feet and "SRCHNG" (See Figure 3-1). "G" will appear in the lower
right cell, indicating TCAD operation in the Ground Mode.
A.
Perform the test in Paragraph 4.3.2 in the aircraft.
B.
Verify continued proper operation of the transponder and encoder.
C.
Depress the TEST buttons (DATA and ENRT), interrogating the transponder.
D.
After a short processing time, TCAD will show the following sequence:
NOTE:
E.
1.
Testing Remote.
2.
The Alert light illuminates (if installed) and the word “testing” is
generated in the audio system.
3.
SYS CHK:
4.
COM LINK 100% (should be 95% or greater)
5.
Testing Display.
6.
The Display will then show the software versions.
OK
Steps A. through D. can be conducted while flying.
Perform a complete encoder correlation and transponder test in accordance
with the equipment manufacturer's instructions, to verify proper operation of
the encoder and transponder with TCAD operating.
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4.4.3 RAMP TEST, COUPLER
A.
Continue to interrogate the host transponder, and conduct this test using the
Ramp Test set up, Paragraph 4.4.1.
B.
Press ENRT. Verify TCAD displays traffic in the area or SRCHNG.
If traffic is constantly showing within 100 feet vertically and less than 0.3
iNM, turn the transponder to standby and wait at least fifteen seconds. If that
traffic disappears from the Display, then turn the transponder on again. If the
traffic returns, then the equipment is displaying the host transponder. Check
the Transponder Coupler connections.
C.
To insure proper antenna connection, verify TCAD shows targets of
opportunity above 100 feet and beyond 0.7 iNM in the ENRT or Unrestricted
Mode, and that the range (and angle if the test unit is a 9900B) displayed on
TCAD reasonably agrees with visual estimates.
NOTE:
Reflections from hangar walls will cause jumpiness and inaccuracy of the
bearing display.
4.4.4
RAMP TEST, DISPLAY
A.
Press the test buttons (DATA & ENRT) again.
B.
When the Display shows "Testing Display", press the UP arrow and MUTE.
C.
TCAD will then perform a 90-second CRC test of the Display. A horizontally
oriented number will count down as the test is conducted. The test will
conclude with the software version levels indicated.
4.4.5
RAMP TEST, ANTENNAS (Models 9900 and 9900A)
A.
Continue to interrogate the host transponder, and conduct this test using the
Ramp Test set up per subparagraph 4.4.1.
B.
Verify performance per subparagraph 4.4.3C.
C.
Disconnect the bottom antenna from the Processor.
D.
Verify performance per subparagraph 4.4.3C.
E.
Reconnect bottom antenna. Verify traffic is displayed.
F.
Disconnect the top antenna from the Processor.
NOTE:
Some signal attenuation (range variation) may occur when using
the bottom antenna only.
G.
Verify TCAD performance per subparagraph 4.4.3C.
H.
Reconnect top antenna. Verify traffic is displayed per subparagraph 4.4.3C.
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4.4.6
RAMP TEST, ANTENNAS (Model 9900B)
This test is best conducted using a transmitting test transponder sending mode C
replies, located more than 100 yards away from the host aircraft.
A.
This test does not require interrogation of the host transponder, however it is
important to conduct the test in an area where signal reflections are minimal.
Outside and away from hangars and other buildings is usually best. Disregard
range indications for this test.
B.
Place the aircraft so the test transponder is oriented 45°, forward and right of
the host aircraft.
NOTE:
If another transponder is transmitting very close to the host aircraft, the
receiver will detect the close transponder on all four channels, and the test will not work.
C.
Verify TCAD shows the target forward and right.
D.
Disconnect J3.
E.
Verify TCAD now shows the target aft and right ±45°.
F.
Reconnect J3.
G.
Verify TCAD again shows the target forward and right.
H.
Disconnect J4.
I.
Verify TCAD shows the target forward and left ±45°.
J.
Reconnect J4 and verify all connections are secure.
K.
Verify TCAD shows the target forward and right.
4.5
INTERFERENCE CHECK
These checks are designed to insure interference-free operation of the TCAD, to insure
the TCAD causes no interference, and the equipment onboard the aircraft does not cause
interference with the TCAD.
4.5.1 INTERFERENCE CHECK, TRANSPONDER
This check is designed to insure the TCAD has adequate data to acquire and track aircraft.
It is critical that the transponder does not ‘squitter’ as a result of on-board interference. If
it does, the data available to the TCAD for traffic avoidance is reduced.
A.
Turn off all avionics except the transponder.
B.
Turn off the transponder tester.
C.
Verify the rate of reply light flashes is reasonable for the location.
D.
Turn on all the avionics, one at a time. Observe if the reply light flash rate
changes. Pay special attention to the DME and select different frequencies to
verify there is no interference. The frequencies from 109.2 to 115.2 are
especially important and should be specifically checked.
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E.
Verify there are no other sources of interference (i.e. engines or accessories).
4.5.2 INTERFERENCE CHECK, OTHER EQUIPMENT
This check is to insure the TCAD does not interfere with other equipment in the aircraft.
To substantiate the immunity of the VHF navigation and communications equipment,
perform the following tests:
A.
Apply power to the avionics bus and to both communications and navigation
radios.
B.
Open the squelch on the primary communications radio and apply power to
the Model 9900 TCAD.
C.
Select various frequencies for a general test of the communications radio
receiver. Then select 120.000 MHz, 122.000 MHz, 124.000 MHz, and
128.000 MHz and attempt to discern RF interference caused by the Model
9900. If such interference is experienced, confirm by removing power to the
systems by pulling the respective circuit breakers.
D.
Repeat the exercise for the secondary communications radio receiver. Note
any unacceptable interference.
E.
Tune each of the navigation receivers to the frequency of 109.2 and 115.2
MHz and listen for any discernible interference and observe interruption of
DME on those corresponding frequencies. Note any unacceptable
interference.
F.
Selectively tune each of the communications radio receivers to each whole
Megahertz frequency beginning at 118 MHz and ending at 135 MHz and note
any discernible interference. Note any unacceptable interference.
G.
Selectively tune each of the communications transceivers and navigation
receivers to each alternate kHz frequency beginning at 118.000 MHz and
ending at 135.975 MHz. Note any unacceptable interference.
H.
Close the squelches on each of the communications transceivers and repeat
the above test to identify any spurious responses.
I.
Selectively and alternatively transmit and modulate each of the
communications transmitters at 118.000 MHz, 126.975 MHz, and 135.975
MHz while observing the Model 9900 Display in normal operation. Note any
unacceptable interference.
J.
Observe the Model 9900 while in flight and apply various changing loads to
the aircraft electrical system, i.e., applying power to landing lights, cycling
landing gear, etc. Note any unacceptable interference.
K.
Observe any other anomaly in other radios such as the ADF, the Marker
Beacon, the Transponder, GPS navigation equipment, weather detection,
autopilot and the DME when applying power to the Model 9900.
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L.
4.6
Any unacceptable interference should be addressed prior to delivery to the
customer.
SUPPRESSION CHECK
This check is designed to insure the TCAD and DME Suppression are connected.
Without transponder suppression, some traffic may not be displayed on the TCAD.
A.
Turn off all avionics except the transponder. Interrogate the transponder with
a Mode A/C tester.
NOTE:
transponder.
Interrogate for Mode A/C even if the aircraft is equipped with a Mode S
B.
Note the % reply meter on the tester.
C.
Adjust the tester antenna so the meter shows 50% replies, then move the
antenna toward the transponder antenna until it shows 100% replies.
NOTE:
The purpose of the antenna movement is to insure the % reply meter is
sensitive enough to measure suppression.
D.
Turn on the DME. Observe the % reply meter. The % replies should slightly
decrease, indicating connection and operation of DME suppression.
E.
Turn off the DME.
F.
Turn on the TCAD, and enable the Technician Self-Test routine (Para. 4.9).
G.
While in the technician test routine, press the DATA button to place a square
wave on the suppression line.
H.
Verify the % reply decreases, showing operation of TCAD suppression.
I.
Turn off the TCAD.
4.7
CUSTOMER CARE CHECKLIST
After installation, attention to the following items will help ensure a satisfied customer.
A.
Clean: The Display may be cleaned with a damp cloth.
B.
Checkout: Complete and satisfactory.
C.
Preset Settings: The factory-preset settings should be enabled (see Paragraph
1.4).
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4.8
BENCH TEST SET UP
To perform checks of the TCAD on the bench, prepare 15-pin D, 25-pin D and 9-pin D
connectors as follows:
A.
Wire the 15-pin D connector by grounding pins 3 and 9. This will
provide a simulated altitude of 6700 feet.
B.
Wire power, ground and the display lines between the Display and the
Processor as shown in the wiring diagram in Section II.
C.
Connect the audio output to a suitable audio amplifier and speaker.
D.
Connect the Display to the Processor.
E.
Coupler, Suppression or Antenna connections are not needed for TCAD
operation on the bench.
4.9
TECHNICIAN TEST ROUTINE
Use the following steps to access the Technician Test for the Suppression check. The
button sequence must be done quickly to enter the routine. It is designed to be difficult to
access to insure that operators do not accidentally enable the routine:
A.
Press the following buttons pairs sequentially:
DATA and MUTE, then
TRML and STD, then
DATA and ENRT.
Then press the s button,
then press the t button,
then press the MUTE button.
B.
The Display will show the word TESTING, and the code corresponding to
the altitude generated from the aircraft encoder:
TESTING:
ALT>0240
C.
Press the DATA button to generate the suppression square wave. The letter S
will show sideways in the right window of the Display, indicating the signal is
being generated.
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Page 4-8
SECTION V
WARRANTY SERVICE AND PRODUCT SUPPORT
5.1
DOCUMENTATION
After delivery to the customer, fill out and return the warranty document to Ryan
International Corporation.
5.2
RETURN AUTHORIZATION
In order to expedite repair of units; call the factory for a return authorization number
before returning equipment for service.
5.3
WARRANTY SERVICE
Ryan warrants products in accordance with the warranty statement in effect at the time of
equipment registration. All repairs are performed at the factory. Contact Ryan
International Corporation for a warranty/return authorization.
All requests for warranty payment must be submitted on a standard AEA warranty claim
form, accompanied by the dealer invoice. Authorized warranty work performed by the
dealer will be limited to removal and re-installation of units on an exchange basis. Ryan
will bear the cost of warranty returns both ways via UPS surface delivery only. Ryan
reserves the right to use reconditioned parts in repairing the product or to use
reconditioned units as warranty replacements.
For technical information and service, call 1-800-877-0048.
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SECTION VI
INSTALLATION PLANNING AND
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
6.1
GENERAL
The following information is designed to give the technician guidance in planning
installations and efficiently troubleshooting problems with the TCAD. If there are any
problems or difficulties experienced in installing or maintaining the TCAD, please contact
the factory. Your input is invaluable.
6.2
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS
6.2.1
ANTENNA
The antenna should have, at minimum, a ground plane equal to one-half wavelength (halfwavelength is about six inches) all around the antenna.
The antenna should be mounted as far forward as practical, above the cockpit, with no
appurtenances between the antenna and the nose of the aircraft. Optimum location of the
top antenna is important, because threatening traffic is normally detected ahead of the
aircraft. Placement at this location also to allows TCAD to properly correlate with the
pilot’s observations.
Since the transponder signal from the threat aircraft is essentially line of sight, traffic ahead
of the aircraft will be blocked if the antenna is mounted well aft of the cockpit. If the
antenna is blocked by the airframe, other antennas, or large metal mass such as an engine,
a less than optimum antenna reception pattern will occur. A perfect location does not
exist on an airplane, and some compromise is normally necessary. Nonetheless, the
TCAD antenna should be at the highest, forward-most part of the aircraft when the
aircraft is in level flight. The forward view from the TCAD antenna should be better than
the view from the cockpit. Since the TCAD monitors for traffic all around the aircraft,
insure that the antenna is clear to the rear also.
Customer satisfaction is directly related to proper antenna location.
Ground the antenna to the airframe. Otherwise, the ground plane is not effective.
A second antenna supplements the coverage of the top antenna. It is normally placed on
the underside of the fuselage. In rare situations (such as some helicopters), where there is
an obstruction behind the antenna, the second antenna could be located on the other side
of the obstruction. Before this is done, contact the factory.
The cable lengths for each antenna should be about the same, within 0.2dB of each other.
Sometimes a KA-60 King-stamped pulse antenna is substituted for a clean antenna. The
KA-60 is electrically acceptable for the 9900 and 9900A. However, field reports indicate
the antenna can warp when mounted on top of the aircraft. In addition, the upside down
King stamp shows on the top antenna for all to see that the installer took a shortcut.
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The bearing antennas follow the same general guidelines.
Structural substantiation of the antenna locations is important and the responsibility of the
installing agency, of course. If a structural DER is necessary, the Aircraft Electronics
Association has resources you can contact. Their number is (816) 373-6565. Willis and
Kaplan in Buffalo Grove, IL has been very helpful and responsive, phone 847-215-7757.
6.2.2
POWER INPUT LINE AND GROUND RETURN
Do not start the engines with the TCAD operating. The drop and surge of the voltage
can, in extreme cases, cause TCAD to lose user defined settings.
Insure that the TCAD is well grounded to an effective airframe ground. Poor grounds or
ground loops can cause intermittent operation or alternator noise in the headphones.
6.2.3
ANNUNCIATOR LIGHT AND REMOTE MUTE
The annunciator light uses a switched ground. Installation of an annunciator light is
optional, but is strongly recommended for best operation. The light should be white, and
identified as “TRAFFIC”.
The remote mute can be engaged or disengaged via a grounded switch.
6.2.4
AUDIO
TCAD audio is designed to operate into a 600-ohm load. If an audio port must be shared
with another audio input, series resistors must be used in both lines to allow sufficiently
high audio for both audio inputs. Usually 470-ohm resistors are satisfactory.
Connection to an audio panel without internal amplification normally requires a
supplemental amplifier.
There is a potentiometer in the TCAD that allows for greater audio output. Contact the
factory for instructions to increase the audio output.
Low audio is usually caused by a greater than normal load on the line due to multiple
inputs to one audio port.
A dedicated audio ground return line is provided to eliminate possible audio whine.
Connect the return to the ground for the audio port TCAD is connected to. If no return
ground is provided, ground to the case of the audio panel.
The audio line from the TCAD to the audio panel should be shielded, with the shield
grounded at one end.
6.2.5
ENCODER LINES
The encoder lines are diode isolated inside the TCAD. A diagram of this portion of the
circuitry is in Section I of the Installation Manual. The common line should not be diode
isolated, and should be the same potential as the encoder.
D1 and D2 are not altitude lines, and should not be connected.
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If any lines are shorted or open, several (but not all) altitudes on the TCAD will be in
error. By using the static tester and raising the altitude of the encoder, a malfunction can
be determined by watching the TCAD Display (set to 29.92) as the altitude from the
encoder goes up. If stars appear in place of an altitude indication, or the altitude on the
TCAD differs from the altitude on the static system tester, note which altitudes are wrong
and what the indications are. Then, by referring to the altitude squawk table found in
most transponder manuals you can usually determine which combination of bits is causing
the errors. Then it is possible to identify which wires are shorted or open.
Stars (∗∗∗∗∗∗) on the altitude display indicate the TCAD is not receiving valid altitude
data.
The common line from the TCAD to the encoder should never be diode isolated. If it is,
improper and unpredictable altitude errors will result. The encoder lines should be
shielded, with the shield grounded at one end.
6.2.6
TRANSPONDER SUPPRESSION
TCAD sends and receives suppression signals. Transponder and DME suppression are
required. Verification that suppression is operating is essential during checkout of the
TCAD.
TCAD is compatible with both mutual and unidirectional suppression systems.
Figure 2-2 lists the availability of suppression for popular transponders.
TCAD suppression can be connected directly to any ARINC-standard mutual suppression
bus. Since not all transponder suppression configurations conform to ARINC standards,
components must be added to bring some suppression circuits closer to conformity. See
Figure 2-16.
If a diode is called out in the Installation Manual, it should be installed at the transponder
to avoid any capacitive charge build-up. The following items may cause an unsatisfactory
suppression signal:
1)
Suppression not connected.
REMEDY:
2)
Connect it.
The diode used to block TCAD suppression from
sinking into the DME is installed backwards.
REMEDY:
Install the diode correctly.
Best performance of TCAD is obtained when the DME and transponder are operating
properly. Many aircraft have interference between the DME and transponder and DME
interference cannot always be detected. If the DME causes the transponder to transmit
often, there is much less time available for TCAD to acquire data.
To assure no interference from the DME, always connect DME suppression.
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6.2.7
TRANSPONDER COUPLER
The Coupler consists of a 50-ohm track on the transponder line and a diode detector to
provide a signal to the TCAD indicating the host transponder has transmitted. No
maintenance is required for the coupler.
If the coupler signal fails to reach the TCAD, the unit will detect and display the host
transponder.
The most important item regarding the Coupler is the proper mounting and installation of
the connectors on the transponder antenna cable. The RF cable must be intact and it
should have no bends that exceed the natural radius of the cable. Do not run the Coupler
output line with any pulse lines, such as the transponder RF lines.
Improper or poor transponder antenna connector installation, or cable damage may result
in a Signal Fail indication on the TCAD or display of the host transponder.
The type N connectors used with the coupler are designed for RG-58 cable. If the
connectors are used on cable that is smaller than RG-58, the cable jacket may not provide
sufficient mechanical support for the connector. In this case the shield and the center
conductor mechanically support the connector, resulting in an unreliable connection. The
coax can easily pull out, creating transponder or TCAD problems (seeing the onboard
transponder). Be sure the coax jacket is sufficiently snug in the connector in order to
provide mechanical support and a more reliable connection.
The Coupler should be well grounded to the airframe. Grounding to the side of the
TCAD or transponder rack is usually not sufficient.
Addition of the Coupler to the Antenna cable increases the cable length, and can cause the
transponder frequency at the antenna to shift. Adjust the transponder as necessary.
6.2.8
INPUT TO TCAD DISPLAY AND PROCESSOR DISPLAY LINES
Twisted shielded pairs should be used. Excessive noise from the aircraft penetrating these
lines can cause a Link Failure indication on the TCAD Display. A % link is provided on
the self-test. It should always be 90% or better.
6.2.9
INSTALLATION WITH MULTIFUNCTION DISPLAYS
The Multifunction Display Interface for the ARGUS is approved under STC 00900NY.
For instructions regarding installation, see Model 9900B Multifunction Display Interface
Installation Instructions, Document 32-2304. Use twisted shielded pairs for the RS-232
connections.
When interfacing with an Argus Series Moving Map (Multifunction) Display, remote
INFOrmation and SELect buttons are very desirable. An ADF/Remote switch will give
the pilot the ability to deselect the ADF and select the TCAD.
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6.3
CHECKOUT
Final checkout of the TCAD should be done away from reflective areas. Non-reflective
areas can be found a few hundred feet from aluminum structures such as hangars, or
opposite the corner of the hangar where reflected signals will reflect away from the
aircraft, not toward it.
6.4
INSTALLATION IN A SEVERE EMI ENVIRONMENT
Good grounding of the TCAD Processor and associated interconnections (particularly the
encoder) is essential.
Many precautions have been taken and tests have been conducted to insure trouble-free
operation of the Processor in high EMI environments. Nonetheless, common sense should
be used when deciding on the mounting location of the Receiver/Processor. Clearly,
mounting it close to L-band transmitters like DME or transponders should be avoided. If
the Receiver/Processor must be mounted near an L-band transmitter, make sure the
transmitter antenna cables are well shielded, and the L-band transmitter units are not
emitting high levels of EMI. In addition, shield the TCAD cables per the notes on the
wiring diagrams, Figures 2-14 or 2-15.
6.5
MALFUNCTION INDICATIONS
PROBLEM: TCAD shows 00 (+100 or -100) feet and 0.3inm or less (The TCAD sees
the host transponder):
This should never happen. Occasional own-transponder indications are not acceptable.
Malfunction of the Transponder Coupler circuit is the problem. Check the Coupler
connections and transponder output. The Coupler will not function properly when the
transponder output is less than 50 watts.
PROBLEM: TCAD shows the traffic to be closer than it really is:
This is caused by an installation where the actual loss from the antenna to the TCAD is
much less than 3dB. Insure that nothing else could be causing the problem, and the range
error factor is consistent all around the aircraft, both from ATC indications and visual
estimates. Additional cable may be necessary to bring the antenna line into design
conformity.
PROBLEM: TCAD shows the traffic farther away than it really is:
Check the antenna connections, and Proper cable length. If these check, contact the
factory.
PROBLEM: Erroneous or missing altitude display:
Check the altitude lines for shorted or open connections.
PROBLEM: Whine in the Audio caused by TCAD:
The TCAD audio return line should be connected to the TCAD audio port at the Audio
Panel.
Check the primary source of the audio noise. Reduce the noise from this source as
required. If the problem persists, shield the encoder lines and the audio line. Normally the
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shield is grounded at one end for optimum effectiveness. Sometimes grounding at both
ends is the most effective arrangement. If audio interference is still a problem, contact the
factory.
-End-
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