Periodic Table
History and Order
•
– tried to
organize elements according to
– good try!
o He knew to leave empty spots for
“missing” elements
• Modern periodic table = order of
increasing
NOT atomic mass (similar)
• Who?
Periods and Groups
• Period =
period tells
across,
• Group =
down, all elements
have same
, and
because of this share many chemical
properties
• Group is also known as a
Metals, Nonmetals,
Metalloids
• Metals =
• Nonmetals =
on table
on table
• Metalloids = along a zigzag/staircase line
between metals and nonmetals minus Al
o Metalloids = Some properties of metals/some of
nonmetals, aka semimetals or semiconductors
o YOU MUST KNOW WHERE THE ZIG ZAG LINE BELONGS!
Metallic Character
•
•
•
•
You must know WHERE The zig zag line goes even when not drawn.
Metallic character DECREASES across a period.
Metallic character INCREASES down a group.
USE GROUP 15 to help remember trend!
Metals vs. Nonmetal
Properties
Metals
Nonmetals
Good conductors (electricity and heat)
Poor conductors
(can be
hammered into sheets)
Brittle
(can be drawn into wires)
Not ______________
Shiny – have __________
Dull, no luster
**Mostly solids (
***Solids and Gases (
Tend to lose electrons
only liquid)
only liquid)
Tend to gain electrons
Metals tend to lose electrons because they don’t have too many valence
electrons. They lose electrons to get stable octet.
Most nonmetals tend to gain electrons because they have many valence
electrons. They are trying to complete their stable octet.
**Octet = 8 electrons in outermost energy level which means full s and p
sublevels – lots of stability for atom!! Atom is HAPPY 
States of Matter
*** You should know/memorize which ones are gases and liquids
at room temperature and then you know the rest are solids!
Liquids =
(nonmetal) and
(metal)
Gases = H, N, O, F, Cl, and Noble Gases
Cl is NOT a liquid!!!!! Chlorine in pools is dissolved!!
Blocks
• Table is divided into s, p, d, and f blocks, based on
where the last or highest energy electron “resides”
Families/Groups
Alkaline Earth
Metals
Transition
Metals
Other Metals
Metalloids
Inner
Transition
Metals
Other
Nonmetals
Halogens
Noble Gases
Alkali Metals
Important Facts about
Families
• 1: Most reactive metals =
• 2: Most reactive nonmetals =
• 3: The noble gases are
, meaning
that they are not reactive. This is because they
already have an
, 8 electrons in s
and p sublevels of valence shell.
o Exception to “octet rule”:
• 4: Transitions metals have valence electrons in
multiple energy levels, gives them chance for
multiple common ions, also causes
compounds.
Reactivity
• Most reactive metals solve the problem of being
super reactive by always forming compounds.
• Reactive nonmetals have another choice …
instead of forming compounds, they can bond with
atoms of themselves to create
molecules (still considered elements not
compounds.)
• Which nonmetals are found naturally only as
diatomic molecules (if not bonded in a
compound)?
_
Properties of Individual
Elements?