DRR PLAN FOR ENGINEERING and WASH
INTRODUCTION
WASH services are critical to communities and save lives in both routine and emergency situations.
However, natural hazards can compromise WASH infrastructure and service delivery and this
interruption of WASH services can increase the number of affected people beyond the area of direct
impact.
DRR interventions are necessary to protect WASH investments and should therefore be integrated into
‘regular’ development work, rather than viewed as a separate or additional task.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
As well as causing shortages of food and surface water, droughts have a significant effect on the
availability of safe water resources. Drought causes water scarcity, so people are more likely to use
unsafe water sources such as polluted rivers, streams and lakes. During times of water scarcity, people
may save whatever water they can find for drinking and cooking, and stop using it for hygiene activities
such as handwashing after defecation (Kovats et al., 2003). Drought can also increase the
concentration of pathogenic organisms in rivers and lakes because the lower volume of water cannot
dilute the contaminants to below the infectious dose (Kovats et al., 2003).
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
1.
2.
3.
4.
Develop and construct Resilient WASH services that are available and easily accessible.
All round (timely) access to drinking water and sanitation services.
Prevent spread of WASH related diseases.
Strengthened humanitarian preparedness, response and recovery through capacity
development.
RATIONALE
Hazard analysis and monitoring:
Develop early warning systems. How the hazard is
progressing or being managed. Develop disaster
management plans, Evaluate Plans and improve or fill
gaps.
Vulnerability analysis:
Children (especially girl child), Women, Elderly, the
poor in the community
Determination of risk:
Limited access to safe water, failure of sewage
systems, Eutrophication, increased threat of diseases
Response and Recovery
• Analyse why infrastructure was damaged or
interrupted and investigate suitable ways to modify
existent/future systems against this damage. • Ensure
that recovery efforts focus on ‘building back better’,
including measures to prevent or mitigate future
disaster risk, incorporate previous development and
emergency hygiene programmes, and focusing on
building the resilience of communities to potential
future hazards. • Analyse why WASH-related
behaviours failed and investigate suitable programmes
to build community resilience.
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
Prevention and mitigation
Preparedness
• Analyse disaster risks to WASH infrastructure,
services and behaviours at institutional, community
and individual levels, incorporating potential impacts
of climate change. • Carry out vulnerability and
capacity assessments of water and sanitation systems
and practices to assess ability to meet essential needs
in the event of a disaster. • Design, build, locate and
maintain water and sanitation systems which include
modifications to mitigate risks.
• Develop and communicate preventive messaging on
water usage, sanitation and hygiene in disaster
situations. • Prepare systems for “emergency mode”
to re-establish – in the shortest time possible – a
minimum of service to reduce impacts on
communities. • Ensure WASH sector is linked to
existing early warning systems at the national, subnational and community level.
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
NUMBER
ACTIVITY
START
DATE
END DATE
WHO IS
RESPONSIBLE
1.
Rain
water Before the N/A
Disaster
harvesting
2.
Water trucking
Government
humanitarian
organizations
and
3.
Government
Construct
humanitarian
Storage
organizations
Reserviours
Construct Flood Before the After sufficient amount has Government
Disaster
been achieved
humanitarian
Dams
organizations
and
Before and After
establishing
that Government
during the communities
have
been humanitarian
Disaster
adequately sensitized and aim organizations
of sensitization is achieved
and
4.
5.
Sensitization
and Education
At the start After clean water supply has
of
the been adequately supplied to
Disaster
communities of after other
clean sources are in place
Before the N/A
Disaster
Government to sensitize
Communities to act
and
MONITORING AND EVALUATION MECHANISM
Guideline to key steps
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
Identify the program and objectives to be monitored and evaluated
Build support
Establish a monitoring and evaluation team
Build the capacity of the monitoring and evaluation team
Develop a monitoring and evaluation plan
Collect baseline data
Use tools to gather information, to reflect on and to analyze the scope, quality and outcomes
Document and report the findings
Draw up an action plan on gaps in the findings and give feedback to key stakeholders