英語演習：地質学の歴史 History of Geology Earth Sciences, society & daily life ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Minerals & metals Agriculture Energy Buildings Industry Communication Travels Medicine... 英語演習：地質学の歴史 History of Geology Society & daily life Geology surrounds us daily. Geology is ubiquitous in our life. However, we do not usually perceive it directly. Geology encompasses: The ground and soil, on which we live Buildings and roads, on which we build Raw materials, from the subsurface, of which many everyday objects consist Water resources, which flow below the ground surface Natural hazards, to which we are exposed The natural heritage, from which Japan benefits as a tourist destination The waste industry, which recovers useable raw materials from used materials The natural radioactivity (radon), which we are exposed to daily History of Geology Society & daily life Raw materials: Minerals & metals 英語演習：地質学の歴史 History of Geology Society & daily life Raw materials are a valuable good: Lime and fluoride in toothpaste Graphite in pencils Lead in batteries Salt on the dinner table Trace elements in screens, on which you are reading this text Quartz sand, from which glass is manufactured Water... History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ All of us are confronted daily – often unknowingly – confronted with geology: from the ground on which we live, past the concrete as part of a building’s foundation, to the copper in the cell phone A glass of water as twice geology. The water comes from the (geological) ground, the glass is manufactured from quartz sand, a mineral resource. History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ ➢ Modern industry, technology and consumer products require a vast array of minerals, both abundant and rare. Their extraction and trade forms a major part of most national and global economy. As the population and demand for resources grow, innovative technologies are required to locate and extract minerals. Galena Malachite History of Geology Society & daily life Bauxite → Al Phosporous calcite →P Hematite → Fe Uranite → U History of Geology Society & daily life Mining geology is an applied science which combines the principles of economic geology and mining engineering to the development of a defined mineral resource. Mining geologists and engineers work to develop an identified ore deposit to economically extract the ore. Mining geology is the process of exploration and exploitation of ore or economic minerals from the earth. It is also called "winning"the ore from the earth. History of Geology Society & daily life Agriculture: Soil & water assessment 英語演習：地質学の歴史 History of Geology Society & daily life Geology is important for our global food supply through identifying ideal growing areas and conditions as well as monitoring soil quality, geology's impact is commonly forgotten in the areas of construction and infrastructure whether in consideration of concrete and masonry for roads or the gypsum that drywall is made of. Regardless of your interests in the world it is some way or another related to geology. History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ Everything you consume originates from the soil. Even meat products derived from animals such as cows, pigs, chicken and fish have to be fed from plants and other organisms that are in turn fed by minerals that come from the Earth. Therefore, the geological studies of soil erosion and soil health, plus identifying, predicting and accessing sources of water for irrigation are all integral to our ability to feed ourselves now and into the future. Geologists also help find sources of minerals that are used to fertilize our agricultural products and increase outputs. History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ ➢ The system “rock – weathering – soil – vine – wine” is complex climate and weather influence the quality of a wine For the character however, the underlying rock, from which the vine obtains nutrients and water, also plays an important role History of Geology Society & daily life Nothing is more imperative to our ability to survive than the availability of drinkable water. Our water comes from lakes, rivers and underground aquifers that can easily become contaminated if not monitored and protected. Geologists perform essential work mapping out the configuration of bodies of water both above and underground and identifying potential sources of pollution and contamination that would affect our ability to drink it, swim in it and bathe with it. History of Geology Society & daily life Energy: Oil, natural gas, coal, wind, sun, geothermal energy, nuclear energy... History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ ➢ Many different types of energy are impacted by Geology Fossil fuels have been created over the course of hundreds and thousands or even millions of years as the product of geological forces Decomposing organic matter trapped beneath sediment and rock is transformed into carbon-rich oil and gas over many millennia. History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ Many different types of energy are impacted by Geology Fossil fuels have been created over the course of hundreds and thousands or even millions of years as the product of geological forces. Decomposing organic matter trapped beneath sediment and rock is transformed into carbon-rich oil and gas over many millennia. History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ Many different types of energy are impacted by Geology Fossil fuels have been created over the course of hundreds and thousands or even millions of years as the product of geological forces. Decomposing organic matter trapped beneath sediment and rock is transformed into carbon-rich oil and gas over many millennia. History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ We then use this fuel to heat our homes, power our vehicles, and much more. The conveniences and amenities of modern life would be impossible without fossil fuels, and without geologists to help discover and extract these sources of energy. Geologists also play an important role in the advancement of alternative energies by studying and searching for minerals to be used in batteries and solar panels, finding and harnessing geothermal, tidal and hydroelectric power, and more. History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Uranium occurs in a number of different geological environments. Most Kazakh uranium resources are sedimentary Most Canadian resources are unconformity-related Most Australian uranium resources are in unconformity-related and iron oxide breccia complex orebodies History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ ➢ Sandstone & Conglomerate deposits: Roll-front deposits cut across bedding;Tabular or Trend Unconformity-related deposits: gap in the rock layers, Uranium deposits can occur in the underlying or overlying units Tectonic, limestone, Surficial, Volcanic, vein, intrusive, metasomatic, etc. deposits History of Geology Society & daily life Construction: Using rocks for building Soil & bedrock assessment 英語演習：地質学の歴史 History of Geology Society & daily life Unfortunately in many places across the world where education is inaccessible or even non-existent, geologic factors can have a big role in a nations existence. For example in Turkey, where there is reason to believe a large magnitude earthquake could happen at any moment, contractors and government officials have not been well-informed of the tectonic hazards that lurk beneath their cities. Particularly in Istanbul, the country's economic, cultural and historic hub as well as the most populous city totaling around 14 million residents, building codes have not been modified to account of tectonic events such as earthquakes, buildings are not earthquake resistant and many structures lack basic rebarreinforced concrete. The implications of a large earthquake without the adequate infrastructure to sustain such and even would be absolutely catastrophic. History of Geology Society & daily life Stone is used in a variety of ways: for building, as a bearer of messages, as jewelry or other uses. The usage in construction is quantitatively the most important. Despite modern materials such as concrete, asphalt, steel and glass, dimension stone has to this day remained a competitive product in building and civil engineering construction. Fountains, millstones and milestones are notable historically important applications of stone. Furthermore, stone plays an important role in sculpture, the manufacture of jewelry and other art and technical applications. History of Geology Society & daily life History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ Dimension stone as building material, utensils and carriers of messages are part of our culture: the oldest cultural artifacts are similarly from stone, just as the products of today’s artists or engineers. When planning a new construction project, geology plays a big part in picking the location. The geologic features of a parcel of land – its physical structure and its soil makeup – ultimately dictate its best use. History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ In their natural state, rocks tell the geologist their development over the millions of years. Each stone in the cultural object tells its geological history – and its “cultural history”! In the artisanal and artistically fashioned stone objects – be it a sculpture or a building – there is an overlap of geology, construction, economic and trade history. History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ ➢ Before anything can be safely and durably constructed on a parcel of land, that land should undergo a comprehensive “construction materials” survey. Prior to the placement of a single brick, engineers and scientists analyze the soil’s important characteristics such as its density, the depth of its bedrock, its chemistry, and more important factors. When surveys reveal potential complications within the soil, expert geologic and geotechnical engineers must consider a variety of subsurface stabilization techniques. Corrective action in regards to poor soil quality is the only way to ensure a stable, long-lasting foundation. Proper engineering from the start is always the most cost-effective solution; it’s not uncommon to see buildings constructed on unstable land crack, lean, or even collapse over time. History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ ➢ Before anything can be safely and durably constructed on a parcel of land, that land should undergo a comprehensive “construction materials” survey. Prior to the placement of a single brick, engineers and scientists analyze the soil’s important characteristics such as its density, the depth of its bedrock, its chemistry, and more important factors. When surveys reveal potential complications within the soil, expert geologic and geotechnical engineers must consider a variety of subsurface stabilization techniques. Corrective action in regards to poor soil quality is the only way to ensure a stable, long-lasting foundation. Proper engineering from the start is always the most cost-effective solution; it’s not uncommon to see buildings constructed on unstable land crack, lean, or even collapse over time. History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ ➢ Our ability to survive natural disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, floods and volcanic eruptions is enormously influenced by our ability to predict their occurrence as much as possible, as well as plan and engineer structures to mitigate their impact. Geologists play an integral role in studying seismic activity, weather patterns and tectonic movements to assist in preparing for potential adverse events. They also assist in engineering structures to withstand flooding, earthquakes and more. Any time you drive anywhere, you can also thank a geologist for ensuring that the bridges and roads have been safely designed with the stability of the underlying sediments and rock in mind. The next time you are in a skyscraper, you can also marvel at the geologic engineering that ensured such a structure had a properly stable foundation to support itself. History of Geology Society & daily life Industry, ingeenering, transportation & communication: Necessity of glass, minerals, metals & other raw materials; energy History of Geology ➢ ➢ ➢ Society & daily life Precious minerals like gold, silver and platinum are used for so much more than jewelry and coins Cell phones, tablets, laptops, cameras, music players and other electronics require a variety of metals and minerals like lithium, copper, silicon, zinc, aluminum and many more These applications are really just the tip of the iceberg. The study of geology truly touches our lives every single day whether we are aware of it or not. History of Geology Society & daily life Minerals can be found in mobile phones, personal computers, cables, wind turbines, cars, make up, paint, paper and batteries History of Geology Society & daily life Minerals can be found in mobile phones, personal computers, cables, wind turbines, cars, make up, paint, paper and batteries History of Geology Society & daily life Gold is used in a large variety of industies: Jewelry (the Primary Use of Gold), Financial Gold (coin, Bullion, Backing), Electronics, Computers, Dentistry, Medical Uses, Aerospace, Awards & Status Symbols, Glassmaking, Gold Gilding and Gold Leaf... History of Geology Society & daily life Gold is used in a large variety of industies: Jewelry (the Primary Use of Gold), Financial Gold (coin, Bullion, Backing), Electronics, Computers, Dentistry, Medical Uses, Aerospace, Awards & Status Symbols, Glassmaking, Gold Gilding and Gold Leaf... History of Geology Society & daily life Coltàn History of Geology Society & daily life History of Geology Society & daily life Medicine: Rocks & minerals effect on health History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ Radon and asbestos represent two health hazards that are associated with geology History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ Radon and asbestos represent two health hazards that are associated with geology Some rocks or minerals can be consumed as mineral supplements History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ ➢ Radon and asbestos represent two health hazards that are associated with geology Some rocks or minerals can be consumed as mineral supplements Metals & minerals are used in some chirurgical instruments History of Geology Society & daily life ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ Radon and asbestos represent two health hazards that are associated with geology Some rocks or minerals can be consumed as mineral supplements Metals & minerals are used in some chirurgical instruments Geological medicine: study of the influence of geological factors on the health of both man and animals 英語演習：地質学の歴史 History of Geology Society & daily life Contrary to popular belief, geology has the highest job security and highest wages of any natural science overall. Geology is important in everyday life and it is easy to see how virtually everything we see, touch, consume and interact with is related to geology in some way or another in that everything on Earth, came from the Earth. Whether you consider the Oil and Natural Gas that fuel our growing hunger for energy and manufacturing, Mining for structural metals for infrastructure or precious metals for use in high-tech devices. By allowing us to find metals, raw materials & energy, geology is actually the domain of science which has the strongest influence on daily life.
