Term 2 Topics 8F – The periodic Table Important Note 8H – Rocks 8K – Energy transfers 8L – Earth and Space ALWAYS BRING YOUR WORKBOOK Periodic Table “Indivisible” Dalton’s Atomic Model Anything that have mass and volume. Everything is made up of atoms Atoms of the same element are always the same. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed Mixture and Compound Physical Properties Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter. Examples of physical properties would include freezing, melting, and boiling points, density, mass, and volume. Chemical Properties Describes how they react with other substances How to find chemical properties? John Dalton used scientific method. Also predicted laws of conservation of mass Mass of reactant = mass of product Structure of Atom The Periodic Table Symbols Consist of 1 or 2 letters First letter is always capital Eg, C and Cl Number of Proton = 6 Number of Electron = 6 Number of Neutron = 6 Number of Proton = 11 Number of Electron = 11 Number of Neutron = 12 From (23-11) Number of Proton = 13 Number of Electron = 13 Number of Neutron = 14 Round off 26.982 to 27 Chemical Formula To show the structure of compound Noble Gas They are group 8 or 0 They are not reactive They exist as monoatomic molecules They have full outer shell Alkali Metal They are group 1 in periodic table They are very reactive metal There is only 1 electron in last electron shell They are stored in oil Transition Metal 1) They have high melting and boiling point 2) They are good catalyst 3) They have high densities 4) They are good conductor of heat and electricity Metal and Non-Metal Metals Non-metals High melting point Low melting point Strong, flexible and malleable Brittle Shiny Dull Good conductor of heat and electricity Bad conductor of heat and electricity Melting and Boiling Point Element in same group of periodic table have similar physical properties. Eg low melting point Chemical Trends Chemical properties tells you how a substance react with another substance. Metal + water Metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas Metal + oxygen Metal oxide Metal + acid When we move down the group, the reaction becomes faster so we say that the reactivity of elements increases. salt + hydrogen gas Ranking 1) Oxygen 2) Water 3) Acid pH of Metal and Non-Metal Metal oxides have alkaline pH Non-metal oxides have acid pH
