Vincristine and vinblastine
- inhibition of mitosis at metaphase through its interaction with tubulin.
- Vinblastine binds to the microtubular proteins of the mitotic spindle, leading to
crystallization of the microtubule and mitotic arrest or cell death.
Uses:
Vincristine is a vinca alkaloid used to treat acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma,
Hodgkin's disease, acute erythraemia, and acute panmyelosis.
Vinblastine is a vinca alkaloid used to treat breast cancer, testicular cancer,
neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkins lymphoma, mycosis fungoides,
histiocytosis, and Kaposi's sarcoma.
Adverse effects:
1- Phlebitis or cellulitis, if the drugs extravagate during injection,
2- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and alopecia.
3- Vinblastine is a more potent peripheral neuropathy & myelosuppression than Vincristine
Hormones and Their Antagonists
Estrogens
• Physiological antagonists of androgens
• Treatment of androgen dependent prostatic cancer•
Tamoxifen
is an antiestrogen.
is used for first-line therapy in the treatment of breast cancer.
Adverse effects:
- Hot flashes, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, vaginal bleeding, menstrual irregularities.
Aromatase Inhibitors
Letrozole
• MOA : Inhibits aromatisation of testosterone to form estrogen.
• Uses : Breast cancer
Anti androgens
Flutamide
• Androgen Receptor antagonists
• Palliative effect in metastatic Prostatic Cancer
Cisplatin
Cisplatin has found wide application in the treatment of
solid tumors,
Uses
– Testicular cancer
– Ovarian cancer
– Other solid tumors: lung, esophagus, gastric
Adverse effects:
– Emesis
– Nephrotoxicity
– Peripheral neuropathy
– Ototoxicity