COMPETITOR SUMMARY – FIRO-B FIRO-B APPLICATION OPP suggest the FIRO-B is aimed at HR and training professionals, Consultants and Counsellors. Applications are therefore focussed on Individual and team development, career counselling and conflict management. We have seen no suggestion that FIRO-B is designed for selection. FACET5 Facet5 can be applied in any setting from targeted selection to self-awareness programmes, Leadership and Career development and team building. Facet5 is designed to work at four points in a person’s career: 1. Selection for a role 2. Introduction to a working team 3. Performance management in the role 4. Development beyond the role As a result it is highly focussed and practical. THEORETICAL POSITION For a test to be broadly useful it needs to be rooted in sound psychological theory. Failure to do this can limit its credibility and breadth of application. Page:1 The FIRO-B questionnaire is based on Will Schutz’s wish to provide an understanding of the fundamental differences between people and how these impact on relationships. It is designed to increase an individual’s understanding of areas such as how they come across to others, how and why conflict can develop and how to understand and manage their own needs when interacting with others. It measures how a person typically behaves towards others and how that person would like others to behave towards them. It assesses interpersonal style, and its appropriateness in relationships, on three levels: Based on Big5 Theory that is current and academically sound. Big5 is accepted worldwide as providing the foundation for understanding individual differences. There are many references to the Big5 theory in psychological literature. COMPETITOR SUMMARY – FIRO-B FIRO-B WHAT DOES IT MEASURE? A psychometric profile needs to be sufficiently broad based (also known as “wide-band”) to be sure you are covering the relevant areas and still remain simple enough to be accessible to people outside the “psychological elite”. Three levels aspects of interpersonal style: Inclusion, Control and Affection and two perspectives: how they behave towards others and how they would like others to behave towars them. This is shown below: Inclusion: Expressed Wanted the degree to which a person needs to associate with others the degree to which a person wants others to associate with them FACET5 5 main factors, 13 sub-factors, 17 families. Main factors are: Will, Energy, Affection, Control and Emotionality. All are independent factors with high reliability, high consistency and low intercorrelations in-line with internationally accepted Best Practice. Control Expressed Wanted extent to which a person needs to assume responsibility themselves extent to which a person needs others to assume responsibility Affection HOW DOES IT MEASURE? The way items are presented can have a big effect on the way people respond to a questionnaire. Although there are many different response methods that can be used, most will deliver similarly effective results. However there is one exception and that is the Page:2 Expressed Wanted the degree to which a person needs to become emotionally involved with others the degree to which a person needs others to become emotionally involved with them Normative: Normative – items are presented individually and a respondent is asked to rate it’s applicability to him/her using a 5 point scale. Facet5 uses a “semantic differential” format where pairs of antonymous (opposite in meaning) statements are presented and the respondent is asked to show a preference for the one on the left or the one on the right. This is not ipsative since both statements load on the same dimension so the person is not asked to choose between mutually exclusive constructs. COMPETITOR SUMMARY – FIRO-B FIRO-B Ipsative format. This is where people are presented with mutually exclusive sets of items and are asked to choose between them. They cannot choose “both” or “neither”. Scoring is automatic and computer based and produces pictures at three levels of complexity: Page:3 FACET5 Facet5 scores are “normally” distributed which means most people score in the middle of the range and progressively fewer people score at the extremes. Facet5 does not force people to be one things or another. It is perfectly acceptable for a person to be average on one factor but at the extremes on others. COMPETITOR SUMMARY – FIRO-B FIRO-B FACTOR STRUCTURE Reports 6 scores – one for each factor. Recent studies have suggested that in fact thee are only two factors present: One was called Dominance and is made up of Expressed and Wanted Control while the other has been called Socio-Emotional Affect which has everything else in it. See: FACET5 Facet5 provides a detailed breakdown of the main fgactors and 13 sub-factors with interpretative text. Also provides Response distribution and Impression Management statistics. Mahoney, J.M. and Stasson, M.F. (2005) Interpersonal and personality dimensions of behaviour: FIRO-B and the Big Five. North American Journal of Psychology, 7, 205–216. J. Dancer, Stephen A. Woods (2006) Higher-Order Factor Structures and Intercorrelations of the 16PF5 and FIRO-B International Journal of Selection and Assessment 14 (4), 385–391. OVERALL PORTRAITS SNAPSHOTS Page:4 Scores are looked up in a table of 100 possible combinations to give broad summary of characteristics. Not easy to produce To assist in teambuilding and similar activities Facet5 also provides a shorthand way of describing groups of profiles which are similar in style. These are the 17 Facet5 families. Detailed description is provided under headings: Word Picture Contribution to a team As a leader Motivated by To manage The grouping of profiles can be taken further with Facet5. Populations can be overlaid graphically to identify trends or a “Snapshot” of the whole group. A Snapshot of the entire company can also be taken to show trends in corporate style or culture. COMPETITOR SUMMARY – FIRO-B FIRO-B FACET5 COMPARISONS BETWEEN PEOPLE (NORMS) There are numerous sets of norms available although many are inappropriate to the organisational setting. Australian and UK norms available so Facet5 allows you to compare a person with relevant groups. Similarities and differences are real and reliable. COMPLETION FORMAT 54-item with six-choice response format ranging from "never" to "usually" for 30 of the items and from "nobody" to "most people" for the remaining 24 items. 106 Semantic differential scales. Same weights applied for Males and Females. Traditional tests are delivered by paper and are then scored either by hand or by computer. COMPLETION TIME Web based, PC and paper and pencil Paper, computer or web based. Web capture allows remote testing so a person can complete it at a distance. About 15 minutes. 17 minutes web based. minutes on paper. Approximately 20-25 Profile Report –designed to assist in the feedback process. It provides a summary of FIRO-B results in a grid format. Makes use of graphic output to paint a picture. Minimal text, messages are as visual as possible, particularly where comparisons are being made. Interpretive Report for Organisations –It highlights areas for individual development and makes suggestions for improvements when working within a team Can represent multiple profiles simultaneously. Completion time has an impact on the attitude of the respondent. Too long and it becomes tedious and irritating. Too short and it is seen as superficial. OUTPUTS AND APPLICATIONS The value of a psychometric assessment process lies in its applicability. People need to use the information to assist day-today decisions about people. Has separate outputs covering: 1. Overall behaviour 2. Searchlight - Competency structure 3. Audition - Fit to specific role 4. Leading Edge - Management guide 5. Style as a leader (with links to 360 f/b – unique to Facet5) 6. Work preferences – preferred job elements Page:5 COMPETITOR SUMMARY – FIRO-B FIRO-B FACET5 7. TeamScape – integration with a team DELIVERY PROCESS Via appointed distributors Only available from Redfield Consulting in Asia/Pacific or Consulting Tools in the UK and USA. Quality is controlled. PRICE Varies with volume and supplier Varies with volume TRAINING/SUPPORT OPP in Europe Requires accreditation then permanent support is provided. Accreditation depends on prior experience but is normally a 2-3 day workshop. Redfield Consulting is actively involved in ongoing work based research with Facet5. CPP in US. Others globally JOB RELATEDNESS OF ITEMS People are much happier where they can see a link between the element being measured and the purpose of the assessment. Page:6 Not at all. Descriptions are work neutral Highly work related. Uses combination of behavioural and attitudinal items linked to work. COMPETITOR SUMMARY – FIRO-B FIRO-B FAKEABILITY OF ITEMS Quite easy but no point in doing so because it is a development tool. Quite difficult. Uses Item balancing, Item ambiguity and Response Latency Analysis (unique to Facet5). Response Latency Analysis shows not only if faking is occurring but also which areas are affected. See Buckley NL and Williams RJ, “Testing on the web - Response patterns and Impression Management”, Selection and Development Review, February 2002 Not invasive although does require an element of openness Items are job related therefore not personally invasive. Not designed for it. Has Audition process that provides a detailed template for any role along with behavioural and situational interview questions. Candidates can be matched to Audition templates. People do not generally lie outright but they will try to present themselves in the best way possible. INVASIVENESS OF ITEMS FACET5 People become very irritated if they feel the questions impose on their private life without good reason. RELATE TO SPECIFIC ROLE? For selection it is important that the link between a specific role and the profile is made. Page:7 In addition BackDrop allows a measure of “P-O” fit to compare people to either existing or “Ideal” future culture. COMPETITOR SUMMARY – FIRO-B RELATIONSHIP TO FACET5 SAMPLE A sample of 1381 people completed both Facet5 and the FIRO-B as part of assessment for either specific job applications or for career development. The sample contained 40 females and 98 males. RESULTS The tables below shows the relationship between the FIRO-B scores and Facet5. Correlations with Facet5 main factors Expressed Inclusion Wanted Inclusion Expressed Control Wanted Control Expressed Affection Wanted Affection Will -.177* -.097 .346** -.202* -.204* -.202* Energy .429** .431** .371** .026 .411** .385** Affection .265** .103 -.201** .055 .303** .315** Control .166 -.078 -.117 -.026 .031 .003 Emotionality -.119 -.011 -.151 .265** -.060 -.079 * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). For more detail the table below shows the relationship between FIRO-B and the Facet5 sub-factors: 1 We are grateful to Ian Crossing at HCA Consulting in Sydney for this data. Page:8 COMPETITOR SUMMARY – FIRO-B Correlations with Facet5 subfactors Expressed Inclusion Wanted Inclusion Expressed Control Wanted Control Expressed Affection Wanted Affection W1 - Determination -.109 -.073 .326 -.118 -.125 -.134 W2 - Confrontation -.171 -.068 .201 -.172 -.120 -.105 W3 - Independence -.160 -.087 .324 -.229 -.255 -.268 E1 - Vitality .352 .385 .424 .016 .363 .340 E2 - Sociability .512 .489 .267 .041 .482 .454 E3 - Adaptability .323 .317 .346 .008 .298 .274 A1 - Altruism .218 .060 -.164 .073 .334 .305 A2 - Support .295 .139 -.269 .050 .273 .318 A3 - Trust .222 .087 -.108 .025 .232 .246 C1 - Discipline .183 -.049 -.136 .003 .058 .027 C2 - Responsibility .146 -.098 -.089 -.057 .004 -.018 Em1 - Tension -.062 .012 -.080 .263 -.122 -.101 Em2 - Apprehension -.129 -.011 -.166 .210 .018 -.034 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). It is clear that Will, energy and Affection have a complex effect across most of the FIRO-B elements. Control is less involved although this is not surprising when we look at the description of the FIRO-B elements. We can get a better picture when we look at the interaction between the two tools. Page:9 COMPETITOR SUMMARY – FIRO-B PREDICTING FIRO-B FROM FACET5 Given the obviousl relationship betweenthe two tools it is likely that we can predict one from the other. To test this we conducted 6 regression analyses where the dependent variable was the FIRO-B element and the independent variables were the Facet5 sub-factors. In each case the Facet5 factors were entered stepwise with f-enter set at 0.05 and f-remove at 0.1. Inclusion Expressed (Ie) Multiple R = 0.619 Ie = ((w1 X 0.09)+(w2 X -0.2)+(w3 X -0.03)+(e1 X -0.38)+(e2 X 0.76)+(e3 X 0.17)+(a1 X 0.03)+(a2 X 0.14)+(a3 X -0.11)+(c1 X 0.07)+(c2 X 0.06)+(em1 X 0.1)+"(em2 X -0.04)) People who want to involve others tend to be more Sociable and less Confrontational. Inclusion Wanted (Iw) Multiple R = 0.561 Iw = ((w1 X 0.05)+(w2 X -0.17)+(w3 X 0.01)+(e1 X -0.01)+(e2 X 0.57)+(e3 X 0.02)+(a1 X -0.13)+(a2 X 0.17)+(a3 X -0.06)+(c1 X 0.07)+(c2 X 0.18)+(em1 X 0.14)+"(em2 X 0.1)) People who want others to involve them are Sociable, tend to Worry a bit more and again avoid Confrontation Control Expressed (Ce) Multiple R = 0.56 Ce= ((w1 X 0.04)+(w2 X -0.08)+(w3 X 0.15)+(e1 X 0.61)+(e2 X -0.09)+(e3 X -0.15)+(a1 X 0.12)+(a2 X -0.46)+(a3 X 0.17)+(c1 X 0.14)+(c2 X 0.17)+(em1 X 0.02)+"(em2 X 0)) 1 People who want to assume responsibility themselves are more enthusiastic and less helpful towards others. Control Wanted (Cw) Multiple R = 0.397 Cw = ((w1 X 0.09)+(w2 X -0.12)+(w3 X -0.17)+(e1 X 0.18)+(e2 X 0.05)+(e3 X -0.05)+(a1 X 0.04)+(a2 X -0.03)+(a3 X -0.01)+(c1 X 0.22)+(c2 X 0.28)+(em1 X 0.24)+"(em2 X 0.11)) People who are happy for other people to assume control are more anxious and dependent Affection Expressed (Ae) Multiple R = 0.627 Ae = ((w1 X 0.21)+(w2 X -0.11)+(w3 X -0.23)+(e1 X -0.1)+(e2 X 0.62)+(e3 X -0.02)+(a1 X 0.41)+(a2 X -0.23)+(a3 X -0.06)+(c1 X 0.25)+(c2 X 0.23)+(em1 X -0.11)+"(em2 X 0.18)) People who like to become involved with other people oj a personal level are Sociable, more dependent, idealistic but can be critical of others Affection Wanted (Ai) Multiple R = 0.565 Ai = ((w1 X 0.17)+(w2 X -0.06)+(w3 X -0.24)+(e1 X -0.05)+(e2 X 0.51)+(e3 X -0.01)+(a1 X 0.2)+(a2 X 0.06)+(a3 X -0.11)+(c1 X 0.11)+(c2 X 0.15)+(em1 X -0.03)+"(em2 X 0.08)) People who need others to become close to them are more Sociable and Dependent. Page:10 COMPETITOR SUMMARY – FIRO-B INTERPRETATION These results are generally consistent with expectations. Energy, Will, Affection and Emotionality all contribute in the expected ways although the role of Support needs more understanding. Control is not linked to the FIRO-B but we must remember that the FIRO-B version of Control is more about imposing on others than a responsible and disciplined manner. If we use these equations into Audition we get the following: FIRO-B ELEMENT INCLUSION CONTROL AFFECTION EXPRESSED WANTED What is interesting is that it is only Control where the Expressed and Wanted images are very different. The other four are all remarkebaly similar. This is in keeping with recent factor analyses which suggest that the three FIRO-B elements are probably only two. The one that stands out, and which has been labelled Dominance, is Control and here the difference between Expressed and Wanted seems to link to the amount of Will and Affection. Page:11
