Power Point On Titration
What is Titration?
 Titration, process of chemical analysis in which the
quantity of some constituent of a sample is determined
by adding to the measured sample an exactly known
quantity of another substance with which the desired
cjnonstituent reacts in a definite, known proportion.
 There are four types of Titration.
Acid-base Titrations.Redox Titrations.Precipitation
Titrations.Complexometric Titrations.
Diagram to represent titration
End point of Titration
Detecting the end-point of a titration
End-point is a physical change that indicates
the completion of a titration. It is a signal for the
user to stop adding any more titrant to the
analyte. It is usually indicated by some form of
a visual indicator like a colour change, a visible
precipitate, or a change on an electronic
readout.
Back Titration
What is back titration?
Back Titration, also called indirect titration, is a titration
done in reverse. Typically employed in acid-base titrations,
a back titration is used when the concentration of an
excess reactant is known, but the concentration of the
analyte needs to be found out.
Materials for a titration procedure
Materials for a Titration Procedure
burette
•white tile (used to see a color change in the solution)
Pipette
pH indicator (the type depends on the reactants)
Erlenmeyer or conical flask
titrant (a standard solution of known concentration; a common
example is aqueous sodium carbonate)
analyte, or titrand (the solution of unknown concentration)
Acid-Base Titration
 An
acid-base titration is a quantitative
analysis of acids and bases.
Diagram to represent Acid-base
titration
Redox Titration
A
redox titration is a type of titration based
on a redox reaction between the analyte
and titrant.
Diagram to represent Redox
titration
Precipitation Titration
 Precipitation
titration is a titrimetric
method which involves the formation of
precipitates during the experiment of
titration.
Diagram to represent precipitation
titration
Complexometric Titration
 Complexometric
titration is a form of
volumetric analysis in which the formation
of a colored complex is used to indicate
the end point of a titration.
Diagram to represent
Complexometric titration
Salt Preparation Titration Examples
Titration Method

Method

Use a pipette and pipette filler to add 25 cm3 of alkali solution to a clean
conical flask.

Add a few drops of a suitable indicator and put the conical flask on a
white tile.

Fill the burette with dilute acid. Flush the tap through to remove any air
bubbles. Ensure the burette is vertical.

Slowly add the acid from the burette to the conical flask, swirling to mix.
(The mixture may at first change colour, and then back again when
swirled.)

Stop adding the acid when the end-point is reached (when the colour first
permanently changes). Note the final volume reading.

Repeat steps 1 to 5 until three results are repeatable (in close
agreement). Ideally these should lie within 0.10 cm3 of each other.
List of apparatus used in titration
 Purette
Pipette
 conical
Flask
 Ring
Stand
 Burette
Clamp
Acid-Base Titration
Acid-base formula
Redox Equation
redox equation:
-
+
MnO4 + 8H + 5Fe
Mn
2+
2+
+ 4H2O + 5Fe
3+
Precipitation Titration
Precipitation equation
Ag+(aq) + Cl–(aq)→ AgCl(s).
Complexometric Titration
Complexometric equation
M2+ + H4Y → MH2Y + 2H