Sampling is defined as a technique of selecting individual members or a subset from a population in order to derive statistical inferences, which will help in determining the characteristics of the whole population. There are various methods of sampling, which are broadly categorised as random sampling and non-random sampling. Following are some of the sampling methods multiple choice questions and answers that will help the students in brushing up their understanding of the concept of sampling methods. Q1. Of the following sampling methods, which is a probability method? a) Judgement b) Quota c) Simple random d) Convenience Answer: c Q2.Which among the following is the benefit of using simple random sampling? a) The results are always representative. b) Interviewers can choose respondents freely. c) Informants can refuse to participate. d) We can calculate the accuracy of the results. Answer: d Q3. Increasing the sample size has the following effect upon the sampling error? a) It increases the sampling error b) It reduces the sampling error c) It has no effect on the sampling error d) All of the above Answer: b Q4. Which of the following is not a type of non-probability sampling? a) Quota sampling b) Convenience sampling c) Snowball sampling d) Stratified random sampling Answer: d Q5. Sample is regarded as a subset of? (a) Data (b) Set (c) Distribution (d) Population Answer: d Q6. The difference between a statistic and the parameter is called: (a) Non-random (b) Probability (c) Sampling error (d) Random Answer: c Q7. The probability of selecting an item in probability sampling, from the population is known and is: (a) Equal to one (b) Equal to zero (c) Non zero (d) None of the above Answer: c Q8. The distribution that is formed by all possible values of a statistics is known as: (a) Hypergeometric distribution (b) Normal distribution (c) Sampling distribution (d) Binomial distribution Answer: c Q9. Among these, which sampling is based on equal probability? (a) Simple random sampling (b) Stratified random sampling (c) Systematic sampling (d) Probability sampling Answer: a Q10. The difference between the expected value of a statistic and the value of the parameter being estimated is called a: (a) Standard error (b) Bias (c) Sampling error (d) Non-sampling error Answer: b Chapter 5: Multiple choice questions Instructions Answer the following questions and then press 'Submit' to get your score. Question 1 Interviewing all members of a given population is called: a) a sample. b) a Gallup poll. c) a census. d) a Nielsen audit. Question 2 Which ONE of the following classifications contains divisions with the labels A, B, C1, C2, D and E? a) Social class. b) Socio-economic groupings. c) Socio-economic classes. d) Social grade. Question 3 Sampling means following a sequence of stages. Which ONE of the following stages should come before the others? a) Proceed with the fieldwork. b) Find suitable source for the population members. c) Define the people of interest. d) Examine the objective of the study. Question 4 Which ONE of these sampling methods is a probability method? a) Quota. b) Judgement. c) Convenience. d) Simple random. Question 5 For sampling, which ONE of the following should be up-to-date, complete and affordable? a) A census. b) A CAPI machine. c) A sampling frame. d) A respondent. Question 6 Which ONE of these sample sources will be the most incomplete for a sample of nationally representative households? a) The Electoral Register. b) The postcode address file (PAF). c) Telephone directories. d) A customer database. Question 7 Which ONE of the following is the benefit of using simple random sampling? a) We can calculate the accuracy of the results. b) The results are always representative. c) Interviewers can choose respondents freely. d) Informants can refuse to participate. Question 8 Which ONE of the following is the main problem with using non-probability sampling techniques? a) The expense. b) The results are never representative. c) Human judgement error. d) Informants can refuse to participate. Question 9 Which ONE of the following is the best - but an often unused - way to decide on sample size? a) By using industry standards. b) By calculation. c) By 'building blocks'. d) By budget available. Question 10 Which ONE of the following methods is generally used in qualitative sampling? a) Random digit dialling. b) Quota. c) Stratified random. d) Simple random. 1. Sample is a representative unit of the population. Is this statement true or false? True False Answer: True. 2. In ……..every unit falling after a chosen gap of units is included in the sample. Interval sampling Simple random sampling Purposive sampling Cluster sampling Answer: Interval sampling 3. Division of the entire population into different groups and then selection of sample on the basis of proportion of each group in the entire population is called as ___________________. Stratified sampling Sequential sampling Cluster sampling Quota sampling Answer: Quota sampling 4. For the study of any population, sampling is conducted because it is __________________. Expensive Difficult time-efficient Biased Answer: time-efficient 5. A researcher divides a heterogeneous population into homogeneous groups. And then draws samples from each group. Which sampling technique is the researcher using? Cluster sampling Stratified sampling Non-probability sampling Quota sampling Answer: Stratified sampling 6. What is a sample called if it represents one or few characteristics of the population more than the others? Good sample Bad sample Biased sample Ineffective sample Answer: Biased sample 7. What are the various classifications of sampling? Random and purposive Stratified and cluster Probability and non-probability Multi-stage and sequential Answer: Probability and non-probability 8. Simple random sampling cannot be used in ___________________. Large population Homogeneous population Heterogeneous population Legal research 9. In ____________________, all the units of the universe have an equal chance of being included in the sample. Non-probability sampling Probability sampling Judgment sampling Interval sampling Answer: Probability sampling 10. Research can never be without any non-sampling errors, but sampling errors can always be avoided. Is the above statement true or false? True False Answer: False 11. Why are sampling traits important in sampling? They help us in deciding the sample size. They help us to differentiate between useless units and useful units. They form the basis of the research questions. They are the deciding factor in inclusion of a unit in the sample. Answer: They are the deciding factor in inclusion of a unit in the sample. 12. Characteristics to be studied and the size of the population have no effect on selecting a sampling technique. Is this statement true or false? True False 13. Sampling can only be effectively conducted in a homogeneous population which is finite and not in an infinite universe with heterogeneous population. Is the above statement true or false? True False Answer: False 14. There are least chances of sampling error in a heterogeneous population. Is this statement true or false? True False Answer: False 15. Studying a sample is a cost-effective method of studying a population. Is this statement true or false? True False Answer: True 16. It is not necessary for a sample to show the same characteristics as the population. Is this statement true or false? True False Answer: False 17. Selection of a sampling unit from a population should be dependent upon the inclusion of another sampling unit. Is this statement true or false? True False Answer: False 18. Population is called as ___________ where the members are identical to one another. Universe Heterogeneous population Homogeneous population Finite universe Answer: Homogeneous population 19 MCQs on sampling in research methodology Answers of the following MCQs are marked as bold. 1. Sample is a representative unit of the population. Is this statement true or false? True False 2. In ______________________ every unit falling after a chosen gap of units is included in the sample. Interval sampling Simple random sampling Purposive sampling Cluster sampling 3. Division of the entire population into different groups and then selection of sample on the basis of proportion of each group in the entire population is called as ___________________. Stratified sampling Sequential sampling Cluster sampling Quota sampling 4. For the study of any population, sampling is conducted because it is __________________. Expensive Difficult time-efficient Biased 5. A researcher divides a heterogeneous population into homogeneous groups, and then draws samples from each group. Which sampling technique is the researcher using? Cluster sampling Stratified sampling Non-probability sampling Quota sampling 6 What is a sample called if it represents one or few characteristics of the population more than the others? Good sample Bad sample Biased sample Ineffective sample 7 What are the various classifications of sampling? Random and purposive Stratified and cluster Probability and non-probability Multi-stage and sequential 8 Simple random sampling cannot be used in ___________________. Large population Homogeneous population Heterogeneous population Legal research 9 In ____________________, all the units of the universe have an equal chance of being included in the sample. Non-probability sampling Probability sampling Judgment sampling Interval sampling 10 What is Tippet’s Table used for? Convenience sampling To reduce sampling errors Interval sampling Simple random sampling 11 Research can never be without any non-sampling errors, but sampling errors can always be avoided. Is the above statement true or false? True False 12 Why are sampling traits important in sampling? They help us in deciding the sample size. They help us to differentiate between useless units and useful units. They form the basis of the research questions. They are the deciding factor in the inclusion of a unit in the sample. 13 Characteristics to be studied and the size of the population have no effect on selecting a sampling technique. Is this statement true or false? True False 14 Sampling can only be effectively conducted in a homogeneous population which is finite and not in an infinite universe with heterogeneous population. Is the above statement true or false? True False 15 There are least chances of sampling error in a heterogeneous population. Is this statement true or false? True False 16 Studying a sample is a cost-effective method of studying a population. Is this statement true or false? True False 17 It is not necessary for a sample to show the same characteristics as the population. Is this statement true or false? True False 18 Selection of a sampling unit from a population should be dependent upon the inclusion of another sampling unit. Is this statement true or false? True False 19 Population is called as ___________ where the members are identical to one another. Universe Heterogeneous population Homogeneous population Finite universe Multiple-Choice Questions This activity contains 10 questions. The term used to define the smallest element in sample selection is: sample interval statistical unit population unit respondent sampling unit sample frame Which of the following is a probability-based sample selection method? accidental sampling convenience sampling judgment sampling over sampling multistage stratified snowball sampling Interviewing hockey players as they exit the arena is an example of what type of sampling? convenience purposive cluster simple random adaptive quota A marketing researcher is restricted to a sample size of 100, but wants households with children and those without children equally represented. The sampling method he would use is: seed quota grid method systematic cluster replicated The cluster sampling technique is typically used for its cost effectiveness in what type of research: direct mail consumer panel telephone mall intercept internet in-home Which of the following sampling methodology statements do you agree with? Selection depends only on cost and time constraints. The more important the business decision, the more important it is to use a probability method. Always choose the method most suited to the problem, irrespective of all other factors. Non-probability samples can still be accurately measured. Sample size is more important than sample methodology. The rarer the population, the larger the sample size should be. A high level of non-response to a survey: creates a bias that can be eliminated by increasing the sample size is fixable by eliminating any sample errors will not bias the results as the incomplete survey is not recorded is a sampling error related to defining the sample unit is normal in research studies and should not be of concern will produce biased results due to nonsampling error The statement "results are accurate within +/-4 p.p., 95% of the time" refers respectively to: margin of error and accuracy level confidence level and confidence interval accuracy interval and confidence level confidence interval and confidence level margin of error and margin of confidence sample interval and confidence level When it comes to the precision of research estimates, which of the following is true? Nonsampling error can affect reliability of results. Statistical formulae can measure nonsampling error. A reliable measure is always valid. Nonsampling error can affect validity of results. Sample size is the only thing of importance. Characteristics of non-responders have no biasing effect. Sampling error (versus bias) can be reduced by: increasing the sample size eliminating respondent fatigue conducting callbacks increasing response rates reducing incomplete surveys correcting a faulty sample frame Research Methodology MCQ 1) Who was the author of the book named "Methods in Social Research"? a. Kerlinger b. CR Kothari c. Goode and Hatt d. Wilkinson Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Goode and Halt Explanation: The book named "Methods in Social Research" was authored by Goode and Hatt on Dec 01, 1952, which was specifically aimed to improve student's knowledge as well as response skills. 2) What is the major attribute of Correlation Analysis? a. Association among variables b. Difference among variables c. Regression among variables d. Variations among variables Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) Association among variables Explanation: Mainly the correlational analysis focus on finding the association between one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more quantitative dependent variables. 3) What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out? a. Research hypothesis b. Synopsis of Research c. Research paradigm d. Research design Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) Research design Explanation: A conceptual framework can be understood as a Research design that you require before research. 4) What is the main role of research in education? 25.8M 594 Exception Handling in Java - Javatpoint a. To upsurge one's social status. b. To increase one's job prospects. c. To augment one's personal growth. d. To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist. Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist Explanation: Educational research can be defined as an assurance for reviewing and improving educational practice, which will result in becoming a renowned educationalist. 5) Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research? a. Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools. b. Design sampling with probability sample techniques. c. Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence. d. Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence. Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence. Explanation: In qualitative research, we use an inductive methodology that starts from particular to general. In other words, we study society from the bottom, then move upward to make the theories. 6) How is random sampling helpful? a. Reasonably accurate b. An economical method of data collection c. Free from personal biases d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: In random sampling, for each element of the set, there exist a possibility to get selected. 7) A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the organization of effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate for this study? a. Descriptive survey method b. Historical method c. Ex-post facto method d. Experimental method Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Ex-post facto method Explanation: Mainly in the ex-post facto method, the existing groups with qualities are compared on some dependent variable. It is also known as quasi-experimental for the fact that instead of randomly assigning the subjects, they are grouped on the basis of a particular characteristic or trait. 8) Tippit table refers to as _________ a. Table of random digits b. The table used in sampling methods c. The table used in statistical investigations d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: Tippit table was first published by L.H.C Tippett in 1927. 9) In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required? a. Developing a research design b. Formulating a research question c. Deciding about the data analysis procedure d. Formulating a research hypothesis Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) Formulating a research question Explanation: Before starting with research, it is necessary to have a research question or a topic because once the problem is identified, then we can decide the research design. 10) The format of thesis writing is the same as in a. Writing of Seminar representation b. Preparation of research paper/article c. A research dissertation d. Presenting a workshop/conference paper Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) A research dissertation Explanation: The format of thesis writing is similar to that of a research dissertation, or we can simply say that dissertation is another word for a thesis. 11) Which one among the following statements is false in the context of participatory research? a. It recognizes knowledge as power b. It is a collective process of inquiry c. It emphasizes people as experts d. Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge Explanation: Participatory action research is a kind of research that stresses participation and action. 12) Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the testing of hypotheses? a. It is only the alternative hypotheses that can be tested. b. It is only the null hypotheses that can be tested. c. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested. d. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested. Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested. Explanation: Hypotheses testing evaluates its plausibility by using sample data. 13) What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs? a. The null hypotheses get accepted even if it is false b. The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true c. Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected d. None of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true Explanation: The Type-I Error can be defined as the first kind of error. 14) Research and Development become the index of development of the country. Which of the following reasons are true with regards to this statement? a. R&D targets human development b. R&D can enhance people's standard of living in the country c. R&D reflects the actual economic and social conditions being prevailed in the country d. All the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) All of the above. Explanation: No explanation. 15) What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with? a. Long-term research b. Short-term research c. Horizontal research d. None of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) Long-term research Explanation: In general, the longitudinal approach is long-term research in which the researchers keep on examining similar individuals to detect if any change has occurred over a while. 16) What do you understand by the term "Anusandhan"? a. Goal-oriented b. Following an aim c. Attaining an aim d. Praying to achieve an aim Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) Following an aim Explanation: No explanation. 17) Evaluation Research is concerned with __________ a. How well are we doing? b. Why are we doing? c. What are we doing? d. None of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) How well are we doing? Explanation: Instead of focusing on the process, the evaluation research measures the consequences of the process, for example, if the objectives are met or not. 18) Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research? a. Research is not passive b. Research is systematic c. Research is not a problem-oriented d. Research is not a process Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) Research is not a process Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the researchers to intensify expertise. 19) Which of the following options are the main tasks of research in modern society? a. To learn new things b. To keep pace with the advancement in knowledge c. To systematically examine and critically analyze the investigations/sources with the objective d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the researchers to intensify expertise. 20) What is the main aim of interdisciplinary research? a. To over simplify the problem of research b. To bring out the holistic approach to research c. To create a new trend in research methodology d. To reduce the emphasis on a single subject in the research domain Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) To bring out the holistic approach to research Explanation: Particularly in interdisciplinary research, it combines two or more hypothetical disciplines into one activity. 21) The main aim of the scientific method in the research field is to _________ a. Improve data interpretation b. Confirm triangulation c. Introduce new variables d. Eliminate spurious relations Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) Eliminate spurious relations Explanation: Scientific research aims to build knowledge by hypothesizing new theories and discovering laws. 22) A researcher is interested in studying the prospects of a particular political party in an urban area. So, what tool should he prefer for the study? a. Rating Scale b. Interview c. Questionnaire d. Schedule Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Questionnaire Explanation: Since it is an urban area, so there is a probability of literacy amongst a greater number of people. Also, there would be numerous questions over the ruling period of a political party, which cannot be simply answered by rating. The rating can only be considered if any political party has done some work, which is why the Questionnaire is used. 23) The conclusions/findings of which type of research cannot be generalized to other situations? a. Casual Comparative Research b. Historical Research c. Descriptive Research d. Experimental Research Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) Historical Research Explanation: One cannot generalize historical research in the USA, which has been done in India. 24) How to judge the depth of any research? a. By research title b. By research duration c. By research objectives d. By total expenditure on research Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) By research objectives Explanation: Research objectives concisely demonstrate what we are trying to achieve through the research. 25) Who can successfully conduct Research? a. Someone who is a hard worker b. Possesses post-graduation degree c. Has studied research methodology d. Possesses thinking and reasoning ability Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Has studied research methodology Explanation: Anyone who has studied the research methodology can undergo the research. 26) Which of the following is not the method of Research? a. Survey b. Historical c. Observation d. Philosophical Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Observation Explanation: Mainly the research method comprises strategies, processes or techniques that are being utilized to collect the data or evidence so as to reveal new information or create a better understanding of a topic. 27) A research problem is feasible only when a. It has utility and relevance b. It is new and adds something to knowledge c. It is researchable d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the area of interest, a condition that is required to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eradicated, or any disquieting question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to be solved. 28) Circle graphs are used to show a. How is one part related to other parts? b. How various sections share in the whole? c. How is one whole related to another whole? d. How are various parts related to the whole? Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) How are various parts related to the whole? Explanation: A circle graph helps in visualizing information as well as the data. 29) Authenticity of a research finding is its a. Validity b. Objectivity c. Originality d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) Objectivity Explanation: No explanation. 30) Which one is called non-probability sampling? a. Quota sampling b. Cluster sampling c. Systematic sampling d. Stratified random sampling Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) Quota sampling Explanation: In non-probability sampling, all the members do not get an equal opportunity to participate in the study. 31) What does a good thesis involve? a) Reducing punctuations b) Correct c) Consistency in d) Well defined abstract as well the as grammatical reference way of errors to thesis minimalist citations writing Select the answers from the codes given below: a. b), c) and d) b. a), b), c) and d) c. a), b) and c) d. a), b) and d) Hide Answer Workspace Answer: B. a), b), c) and d) Explanation: All of the above. 32) Which one among the following statements is correct in context to research? a) Research refers to a series of systematic activity or activities undertaken to find out the solution to a problem. b) It is a systematic, logical and unbiased process wherein verification of hypotheses, data analysis, interpretation and formation of principles can be done. c) It is an intellectual inquiry or quest towards truth, d) It enhances knowledge. Select the correct answer from the codes given below: a. a), b), c) and d) b. a), b) and c) c. b), c) and d) d. a), c) and d) Hide Answer Workspace Answer: A. a), b), c) and d) Explanation: All of the above. 33) On what basis did Jean Piaget give his theory of cognitive development of humans? a. Evaluation Research b. Fundamental Research c. Applied Research d. Action Research Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) Fundamental Research Explanation: Jean Piaget, in his cognitive-developmental theory, proposed the idea that children can actively construct knowledge simply by exploring and manipulating the world around them. 34) What are the core elements of a dissertation? a. Introduction; Data Collection; Data Analysis; Conclusions and Recommendations b. Executive Summary; Literature Review; Data Gathered; Conclusions; Bibliography c. Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References d. Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) Introduction; Literature Review; Discussions and Conclusions Research Methodology; Results; Explanation: The core elements of the dissertation are as follows: Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions 35) "Sampling Cases" can be defined as a. Sampling using a sampling frame b. Identifying people who are suitable for research c. Literally the researcher's brief case d. A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc. Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc. Explanation: In general, sampling in case study research involves decisions made by the researchers regarding the strategies of sampling, the number of case studies, and the definition of the unit of analysis. 36) Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite? a. Systematic Sampling Technique b. Purposive Sampling Technique c. Area Sampling Technique d. None of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) Systematic Sampling Technique Explanation: Systematic sampling can be understood as a probability sampling method in which the members of the population are selected by the researchers at a regular interval. 37) Research problem is selected from the standpoint of a. Social relevance b. Financial support c. Researcher's interest d. Availability of relevant literature Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) Social relevance Explanation: No explanation. 38) The F-test: a. Is essentially a two-tailed test. b. Is essentially a one-tailed test. c. Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses. d. Can never be one tailed test. Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses Explanation: An F-test corresponds to a statistical test in which the test statistic has an F-distribution under the null hypothesis. 39) Which one among the following is the most comprehensive source of population data? a. Census b. National Sample Surveys c. Demographic Health Surveys d. National Family Health Surveys Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) Census Explanation: Census is an official survey that keeps track of the population data. 40) The process not needed in experimental research is a. Controlling b. Observation c. Reference collection d. Manipulation and replication Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) Observation Explanation: No explanation. 41) What are those conditions where a research problem is not viable? a. It is new and adds something to knowledge b. It can be researched c. It has utility and relevance d. It contains dependent and independent variables Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) It contains dependent and independent variables Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the concerned area, a condition needed to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eliminated, or a troubling question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice pointing towards the need of delivering a deliberate investigation. 42) How can we enhance the research objective? a. By making it more valid b. By making it more reliable c. By making it more impartial d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: The research objectives must be concisely described before starting the research as it illustrates what we are going to achieve as an end result after the accomplishment. 43) Action-research can be understood as ___________ a. A longitudinal research b. An applied research c. A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem Explanation: In general, action research is termed as a philosophy or a research methodology, which is implemented in social sciences. 44) On what basis can one formulate the assumptions? a. The cultural background of the country b. Universities c. Some specific characteristics of castes d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) The cultural background of the country Explanation: An assumption can be identified as an unexamined belief, which we contemplate without even comprehending it. Also, the conclusions that we draw are often based on assumptions. 45) Which one among the following falls under the category of research development? a. Descriptive Research b. Philosophical Research c. Action Research d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: No explanation. 46) What is the use of Factorial Analysis? a. For setting the hypotheses b. To understand the difference between two variables c. To understand the relationship between two variables d. To understand the difference between various variables Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) To understand the difference between two variables Explanation: Factor analysis can be understood as a statistical method that defines the variability between two variables in terms of factors, which are nothing but unobserved variables. 47) What is the best-suited name for a process that doesn't necessitate experimental research? a. Manipulation b. Controlling c. Content analysis d. Observation Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) Manipulation Explanation: In an experimental research design, whenever the independent variables (i.e., treatment variables or factors) decisively get altered by researchers, then that process is termed as an experimental manipulation. 48) Which one among the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms? a. Numerical Aptitude b. Marital Status c. Socio-economic Status d. Professional Attitude Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) Professional Attitude Explanation: A professional attitude is an ability that inclines you to manage your time, portray a leadership quality, make you self-determined and persistent. 49) The "Sociogram" technique is used to study _________ a. Vocational Interest b. Human Relations c. Professional Competence d. Achievement Motivation Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) Human Relations Explanation: The term sociogram can be defined as a graphical representation of human relation that portrays the social links formed by one particular person. 50) Which one among the following phrases does not correspond to the meaning of research as a process? a. Problem Solving b. Trial and Error c. Objective Observation d. Systematic Activity Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Objective Observation Explanation: The research process comprises classifying, locating, evaluating, and investigating the data, which is required to support your research question, followed by developing and expressing your ideas. Research Methodology MCQ 1) Who was the author of the book named "Methods in Social Research"? a. Kerlinger b. CR Kothari c. Goode and Hatt d. Wilkinson Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Goode and Halt Explanation: The book named "Methods in Social Research" was authored by Goode and Hatt on Dec 01, 1952, which was specifically aimed to improve student's knowledge as well as response skills. 2) What is the major attribute of Correlation Analysis? a. Association among variables b. Difference among variables c. Regression among variables d. Variations among variables Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) Association among variables Explanation: Mainly the correlational analysis focus on finding the association between one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more quantitative dependent variables. 3) What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out? a. Research hypothesis b. Synopsis of Research c. Research paradigm d. Research design Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) Research design Explanation: A conceptual framework can be understood as a Research design that you require before research. 4) What is the main role of research in education? 25.8M 594 Exception Handling in Java - Javatpoint a. To upsurge one's social status. b. To increase one's job prospects. c. To augment one's personal growth. d. To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist. Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist Explanation: Educational research can be defined as an assurance for reviewing and improving educational practice, which will result in becoming a renowned educationalist. 5) Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research? a. Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools. b. Design sampling with probability sample techniques. c. Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence. d. Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence. Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence. Explanation: In qualitative research, we use an inductive methodology that starts from particular to general. In other words, we study society from the bottom, then move upward to make the theories. 6) How is random sampling helpful? a. Reasonably accurate b. An economical method of data collection c. Free from personal biases d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: In random sampling, for each element of the set, there exist a possibility to get selected. 7) A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the organization of effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate for this study? a. Descriptive survey method b. Historical method c. Ex-post facto method d. Experimental method Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Ex-post facto method Explanation: Mainly in the ex-post facto method, the existing groups with qualities are compared on some dependent variable. It is also known as quasi-experimental for the fact that instead of randomly assigning the subjects, they are grouped on the basis of a particular characteristic or trait. 8) Tippit table refers to as _________ a. Table of random digits b. The table used in sampling methods c. The table used in statistical investigations d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: Tippit table was first published by L.H.C Tippett in 1927. 9) In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required? a. Developing a research design b. Formulating a research question c. Deciding about the data analysis procedure d. Formulating a research hypothesis Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) Formulating a research question Explanation: Before starting with research, it is necessary to have a research question or a topic because once the problem is identified, then we can decide the research design. 10) The format of thesis writing is the same as in a. Writing of Seminar representation b. Preparation of research paper/article c. A research dissertation d. Presenting a workshop/conference paper Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) A research dissertation Explanation: The format of thesis writing is similar to that of a research dissertation, or we can simply say that dissertation is another word for a thesis. 11) Which one among the following statements is false in the context of participatory research? a. It recognizes knowledge as power b. It is a collective process of inquiry c. It emphasizes people as experts d. Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge Explanation: Participatory action research is a kind of research that stresses participation and action. 12) Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the testing of hypotheses? a. It is only the alternative hypotheses that can be tested. b. It is only the null hypotheses that can be tested. c. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested. d. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested. Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested. Explanation: Hypotheses testing evaluates its plausibility by using sample data. 13) What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs? a. The null hypotheses get accepted even if it is false b. The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true c. Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected d. None of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true Explanation: The Type-I Error can be defined as the first kind of error. 14) Research and Development become the index of development of the country. Which of the following reasons are true with regards to this statement? a. R&D targets human development b. R&D can enhance people's standard of living in the country c. R&D reflects the actual economic and social conditions being prevailed in the country d. All the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) All of the above. Explanation: No explanation. 15) What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with? a. Long-term research b. Short-term research c. Horizontal research d. None of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) Long-term research Explanation: In general, the longitudinal approach is long-term research in which the researchers keep on examining similar individuals to detect if any change has occurred over a while. 16) What do you understand by the term "Anusandhan"? a. Goal-oriented b. Following an aim c. Attaining an aim d. Praying to achieve an aim Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) Following an aim Explanation: No explanation. 17) Evaluation Research is concerned with __________ a. How well are we doing? b. Why are we doing? c. What are we doing? d. None of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) How well are we doing? Explanation: Instead of focusing on the process, the evaluation research measures the consequences of the process, for example, if the objectives are met or not. 18) Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research? a. Research is not passive b. Research is systematic c. Research is not a problem-oriented d. Research is not a process Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) Research is not a process Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the researchers to intensify expertise. 19) Which of the following options are the main tasks of research in modern society? a. To learn new things b. To keep pace with the advancement in knowledge c. To systematically examine and critically analyze the investigations/sources with the objective d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the researchers to intensify expertise. 20) What is the main aim of interdisciplinary research? a. To over simplify the problem of research b. To bring out the holistic approach to research c. To create a new trend in research methodology d. To reduce the emphasis on a single subject in the research domain Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) To bring out the holistic approach to research Explanation: Particularly in interdisciplinary research, it combines two or more hypothetical disciplines into one activity. 21) The main aim of the scientific method in the research field is to _________ a. Improve data interpretation b. Confirm triangulation c. Introduce new variables d. Eliminate spurious relations Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) Eliminate spurious relations Explanation: Scientific research aims to build knowledge by hypothesizing new theories and discovering laws. 22) A researcher is interested in studying the prospects of a particular political party in an urban area. So, what tool should he prefer for the study? a. Rating Scale b. Interview c. Questionnaire d. Schedule Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Questionnaire Explanation: Since it is an urban area, so there is a probability of literacy amongst a greater number of people. Also, there would be numerous questions over the ruling period of a political party, which cannot be simply answered by rating. The rating can only be considered if any political party has done some work, which is why the Questionnaire is used. 23) The conclusions/findings of which type of research cannot be generalized to other situations? a. Casual Comparative Research b. Historical Research c. Descriptive Research d. Experimental Research Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) Historical Research Explanation: One cannot generalize historical research in the USA, which has been done in India. 24) How to judge the depth of any research? a. By research title b. By research duration c. By research objectives d. By total expenditure on research Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) By research objectives Explanation: Research objectives concisely demonstrate what we are trying to achieve through the research. 25) Who can successfully conduct Research? a. Someone who is a hard worker b. Possesses post-graduation degree c. Has studied research methodology d. Possesses thinking and reasoning ability Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Has studied research methodology Explanation: Anyone who has studied the research methodology can undergo the research. 26) Which of the following is not the method of Research? a. Survey b. Historical c. Observation d. Philosophical Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Observation Explanation: Mainly the research method comprises strategies, processes or techniques that are being utilized to collect the data or evidence so as to reveal new information or create a better understanding of a topic. 27) A research problem is feasible only when a. It has utility and relevance b. It is new and adds something to knowledge c. It is researchable d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the area of interest, a condition that is required to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eradicated, or any disquieting question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to be solved. 28) Circle graphs are used to show a. How is one part related to other parts? b. How various sections share in the whole? c. How is one whole related to another whole? d. How are various parts related to the whole? Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) How are various parts related to the whole? Explanation: A circle graph helps in visualizing information as well as the data. 29) Authenticity of a research finding is its a. Validity b. Objectivity c. Originality d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) Objectivity Explanation: No explanation. 30) Which one is called non-probability sampling? a. Quota sampling b. Cluster sampling c. Systematic sampling d. Stratified random sampling Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) Quota sampling Explanation: In non-probability sampling, all the members do not get an equal opportunity to participate in the study. 31) What does a good thesis involve? a) Reducing punctuations b) Correct c) Consistency in d) Well defined abstract as well the as grammatical reference way of Select the answers from the codes given below: errors to thesis minimalist citations writing a. b), c) and d) b. a), b), c) and d) c. a), b) and c) d. a), b) and d) Hide Answer Workspace Answer: B. a), b), c) and d) Explanation: All of the above. 32) Which one among the following statements is correct in context to research? a) Research refers to a series of systematic activity or activities undertaken to find out the solution to a problem. b) It is a systematic, logical and unbiased process wherein verification of hypotheses, data analysis, interpretation and formation of principles can be done. c) It is an intellectual inquiry or quest towards truth, d) It enhances knowledge. Select the correct answer from the codes given below: a. a), b), c) and d) b. a), b) and c) c. b), c) and d) d. a), c) and d) Hide Answer Workspace Answer: A. a), b), c) and d) Explanation: All of the above. 33) On what basis did Jean Piaget give his theory of cognitive development of humans? a. Evaluation Research b. Fundamental Research c. Applied Research d. Action Research Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) Fundamental Research Explanation: Jean Piaget, in his cognitive-developmental theory, proposed the idea that children can actively construct knowledge simply by exploring and manipulating the world around them. 34) What are the core elements of a dissertation? a. Introduction; Data Collection; Data Analysis; Conclusions and Recommendations b. Executive Summary; Literature Review; Data Gathered; Conclusions; Bibliography c. Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References d. Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) Introduction; Literature Review; Discussions and Conclusions Research Methodology; Results; Explanation: The core elements of the dissertation are as follows: Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions 35) "Sampling Cases" can be defined as a. Sampling using a sampling frame b. Identifying people who are suitable for research c. Literally the researcher's brief case d. A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc. Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc. Explanation: In general, sampling in case study research involves decisions made by the researchers regarding the strategies of sampling, the number of case studies, and the definition of the unit of analysis. 36) Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite? a. Systematic Sampling Technique b. Purposive Sampling Technique c. Area Sampling Technique d. None of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) Systematic Sampling Technique Explanation: Systematic sampling can be understood as a probability sampling method in which the members of the population are selected by the researchers at a regular interval. 37) Research problem is selected from the standpoint of a. Social relevance b. Financial support c. Researcher's interest d. Availability of relevant literature Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) Social relevance Explanation: No explanation. 38) The F-test: a. Is essentially a two-tailed test. b. Is essentially a one-tailed test. c. Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses. d. Can never be one tailed test. Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses Explanation: An F-test corresponds to a statistical test in which the test statistic has an F-distribution under the null hypothesis. 39) Which one among the following is the most comprehensive source of population data? a. Census b. National Sample Surveys c. Demographic Health Surveys d. National Family Health Surveys Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) Census Explanation: Census is an official survey that keeps track of the population data. 40) The process not needed in experimental research is a. Controlling b. Observation c. Reference collection d. Manipulation and replication Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) Observation Explanation: No explanation. 41) What are those conditions where a research problem is not viable? a. It is new and adds something to knowledge b. It can be researched c. It has utility and relevance d. It contains dependent and independent variables Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) It contains dependent and independent variables Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the concerned area, a condition needed to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eliminated, or a troubling question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice pointing towards the need of delivering a deliberate investigation. 42) How can we enhance the research objective? a. By making it more valid b. By making it more reliable c. By making it more impartial d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: The research objectives must be concisely described before starting the research as it illustrates what we are going to achieve as an end result after the accomplishment. 43) Action-research can be understood as ___________ a. A longitudinal research b. An applied research c. A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem Explanation: In general, action research is termed as a philosophy or a research methodology, which is implemented in social sciences. 44) On what basis can one formulate the assumptions? a. The cultural background of the country b. Universities c. Some specific characteristics of castes d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) The cultural background of the country Explanation: An assumption can be identified as an unexamined belief, which we contemplate without even comprehending it. Also, the conclusions that we draw are often based on assumptions. 45) Which one among the following falls under the category of research development? a. Descriptive Research b. Philosophical Research c. Action Research d. All of the above Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: No explanation. 46) What is the use of Factorial Analysis? a. For setting the hypotheses b. To understand the difference between two variables c. To understand the relationship between two variables d. To understand the difference between various variables Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) To understand the difference between two variables Explanation: Factor analysis can be understood as a statistical method that defines the variability between two variables in terms of factors, which are nothing but unobserved variables. 47) What is the best-suited name for a process that doesn't necessitate experimental research? a. Manipulation b. Controlling c. Content analysis d. Observation Hide Answer Workspace Answer: a) Manipulation Explanation: In an experimental research design, whenever the independent variables (i.e., treatment variables or factors) decisively get altered by researchers, then that process is termed as an experimental manipulation. 48) Which one among the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms? a. Numerical Aptitude b. Marital Status c. Socio-economic Status d. Professional Attitude Hide Answer Workspace Answer: d) Professional Attitude Explanation: A professional attitude is an ability that inclines you to manage your time, portray a leadership quality, make you self-determined and persistent. 49) The "Sociogram" technique is used to study _________ a. Vocational Interest b. Human Relations c. Professional Competence d. Achievement Motivation Hide Answer Workspace Answer: b) Human Relations Explanation: The term sociogram can be defined as a graphical representation of human relation that portrays the social links formed by one particular person. 50) Which one among the following phrases does not correspond to the meaning of research as a process? a. Problem Solving b. Trial and Error c. Objective Observation d. Systematic Activity Hide Answer Workspace Answer: c) Objective Observation Explanation: The research process comprises classifying, locating, evaluating, and investigating the data, which is required to support your research question, followed by developing and expressing your ideas. https://www.dynamictutorialsandservices.org/2021/06/sampling-mcqs-multiple-choice-questions.html