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Sampling Methods MCQs: Statistics Practice Questions

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Sampling is defined as a technique of selecting individual members or a subset from a population
in order to derive statistical inferences, which will help in determining the characteristics of the
whole population. There are various methods of sampling, which are broadly categorised as
random sampling and non-random sampling.
Following are some of the sampling methods multiple choice questions and answers that will
help the students in brushing up their understanding of the concept of sampling methods.
Q1. Of the following sampling methods, which is a probability method?
a) Judgement
b) Quota
c) Simple random
d) Convenience
Answer: c
Q2.Which among the following is the benefit of using simple random sampling?
a) The results are always representative.
b) Interviewers can choose respondents freely.
c) Informants can refuse to participate.
d) We can calculate the accuracy of the results.
Answer: d
Q3. Increasing the sample size has the following effect upon the sampling error?
a) It increases the sampling error
b) It reduces the sampling error
c) It has no effect on the sampling error
d) All of the above
Answer: b
Q4. Which of the following is not a type of non-probability sampling?
a) Quota sampling
b) Convenience sampling
c) Snowball sampling
d) Stratified random sampling
Answer: d
Q5. Sample is regarded as a subset of?
(a) Data
(b) Set
(c) Distribution
(d) Population
Answer: d
Q6. The difference between a statistic and the parameter is called:
(a) Non-random
(b) Probability
(c) Sampling error
(d) Random
Answer: c
Q7. The probability of selecting an item in probability sampling, from the population is
known and is:
(a) Equal to one
(b) Equal to zero
(c) Non zero
(d) None of the above
Answer: c
Q8. The distribution that is formed by all possible values of a statistics is known as:
(a) Hypergeometric distribution
(b) Normal distribution
(c) Sampling distribution
(d) Binomial distribution
Answer: c
Q9. Among these, which sampling is based on equal probability?
(a) Simple random sampling
(b) Stratified random sampling
(c) Systematic sampling
(d) Probability sampling
Answer: a
Q10. The difference between the expected value of a statistic and the value of the
parameter being estimated is called a:
(a) Standard error
(b) Bias
(c) Sampling error
(d) Non-sampling error
Answer: b
Chapter 5: Multiple choice questions
Instructions
Answer the following questions and then press 'Submit' to get your score.
Question 1
Interviewing all members of a given population is called:
a) a sample.
b) a Gallup poll.
c) a census.
d) a Nielsen audit.
Question 2
Which ONE of the following classifications contains divisions with the labels A, B, C1, C2, D
and E?
a) Social class.
b) Socio-economic groupings.
c) Socio-economic classes.
d) Social grade.
Question 3
Sampling means following a sequence of stages. Which ONE of the following stages should
come before the others?
a) Proceed with the fieldwork.
b) Find suitable source for the population members.
c) Define the people of interest.
d) Examine the objective of the study.
Question 4
Which ONE of these sampling methods is a probability method?
a) Quota.
b) Judgement.
c) Convenience.
d) Simple random.
Question 5
For sampling, which ONE of the following should be up-to-date, complete and affordable?
a) A census.
b) A CAPI machine.
c) A sampling frame.
d) A respondent.
Question 6
Which ONE of these sample sources will be the most incomplete for a sample of nationally
representative households?
a) The Electoral Register.
b) The postcode address file (PAF).
c) Telephone directories.
d) A customer database.
Question 7
Which ONE of the following is the benefit of using simple random sampling?
a) We can calculate the accuracy of the results.
b) The results are always representative.
c) Interviewers can choose respondents freely.
d) Informants can refuse to participate.
Question 8
Which ONE of the following is the main problem with using non-probability sampling
techniques?
a) The expense.
b) The results are never representative.
c) Human judgement error.
d) Informants can refuse to participate.
Question 9
Which ONE of the following is the best - but an often unused - way to decide on sample size?
a) By using industry standards.
b) By calculation.
c) By 'building blocks'.
d) By budget available.
Question 10
Which ONE of the following methods is generally used in qualitative sampling?
a) Random digit dialling.
b) Quota.
c) Stratified random.
d) Simple random.
1. Sample is a representative unit of the population. Is this statement true
or false?
True
False
Answer: True.
2. In ……..every unit falling after a chosen gap of units is included in the
sample.
Interval sampling
Simple random sampling
Purposive sampling
Cluster sampling
Answer: Interval sampling
3. Division of the entire population into different groups and then selection of
sample on the basis of proportion of each group in the entire population is
called as ___________________.
Stratified sampling
Sequential sampling
Cluster sampling
Quota sampling
Answer: Quota sampling
4. For the study of any population, sampling is conducted because it is
__________________.
Expensive
Difficult
time-efficient
Biased
Answer: time-efficient
5. A researcher divides a heterogeneous population into homogeneous
groups. And then draws samples from each group. Which sampling technique
is the researcher using?
Cluster sampling
Stratified sampling
Non-probability sampling
Quota sampling
Answer: Stratified sampling
6. What is a sample called if it represents one or few characteristics of the
population more than the others?
Good sample
Bad sample
Biased sample
Ineffective sample
Answer: Biased sample
7. What are the various classifications of sampling?
Random and purposive
Stratified and cluster
Probability and non-probability
Multi-stage and sequential
Answer: Probability and non-probability
8. Simple random sampling cannot be used in ___________________.
Large population
Homogeneous population
Heterogeneous population
Legal research
9. In ____________________, all the units of the universe have an equal chance of
being included in the sample.
Non-probability sampling
Probability sampling
Judgment sampling
Interval sampling
Answer: Probability sampling
10. Research can never be without any non-sampling errors, but sampling
errors can always be avoided.
Is the above statement true or false?
True
False
Answer: False
11. Why are sampling traits important in sampling?
They help us in deciding the sample size.
They help us to differentiate between useless units and useful units.
They form the basis of the research questions.
They are the deciding factor in inclusion of a unit in the sample.
Answer: They are the deciding factor in inclusion of a unit in the sample.
12. Characteristics to be studied and the size of the population have no effect
on selecting a sampling technique. Is this statement true or false?
True
False
13. Sampling can only be effectively conducted in a homogeneous population
which is finite and not in an infinite universe with heterogeneous population.
Is the above statement true or false?
True
False
Answer: False
14. There are least chances of sampling error in a heterogeneous population.
Is this statement true or false?
True
False
Answer: False
15. Studying a sample is a cost-effective method of studying a population. Is
this statement true or false?
True
False
Answer: True
16. It is not necessary for a sample to show the same characteristics as the
population. Is this statement true or false?
True
False
Answer: False
17. Selection of a sampling unit from a population should be dependent upon
the inclusion of another sampling unit. Is this statement true or false?
True
False
Answer: False
18. Population is called as ___________ where the members are identical to one
another.
Universe
Heterogeneous population
Homogeneous population
Finite universe
Answer: Homogeneous population
19 MCQs on sampling in research
methodology
Answers of the following MCQs are marked as bold.
1. Sample is a representative unit of the population. Is this statement true
or false?
True
False
2. In ______________________ every unit falling after a chosen gap of units is
included in the sample.
Interval sampling
Simple random sampling
Purposive sampling
Cluster sampling
3. Division of the entire population into different groups and then selection of
sample on the basis of proportion of each group in the entire population is
called as ___________________.
Stratified sampling
Sequential sampling
Cluster sampling
Quota sampling
4. For the study of any population, sampling is conducted because it is
__________________.
Expensive
Difficult
time-efficient
Biased
5. A researcher divides a heterogeneous population into homogeneous
groups, and then draws samples from each group. Which sampling technique
is the researcher using?
Cluster sampling
Stratified sampling
Non-probability sampling
Quota sampling
6 What is a sample called if it represents one or few characteristics of the
population more than the others?
Good sample
Bad sample
Biased sample
Ineffective sample
7 What are the various classifications of sampling?
Random and purposive
Stratified and cluster
Probability and non-probability
Multi-stage and sequential
8 Simple random sampling cannot be used in ___________________.
Large population
Homogeneous population
Heterogeneous population
Legal research
9 In ____________________, all the units of the universe have an equal chance of
being included in the sample.
Non-probability sampling
Probability sampling
Judgment sampling
Interval sampling
10 What is Tippet’s Table used for?
Convenience sampling
To reduce sampling errors
Interval sampling
Simple random sampling
11 Research can never be without any non-sampling errors, but sampling
errors can always be avoided.
Is the above statement true or false?
True
False
12 Why are sampling traits important in sampling?
They help us in deciding the sample size.
They help us to differentiate between useless units and useful units.
They form the basis of the research questions.
They are the deciding factor in the inclusion of a unit in the sample.
13 Characteristics to be studied and the size of the population have no effect
on selecting a sampling technique. Is this statement true or false?
True
False
14 Sampling can only be effectively conducted in a homogeneous population
which is finite and not in an infinite universe with heterogeneous population.
Is the above statement true or false?
True
False
15 There are least chances of sampling error in a heterogeneous population. Is
this statement true or false?
True
False
16 Studying a sample is a cost-effective method of studying a population. Is
this statement true or false?
True
False
17 It is not necessary for a sample to show the same characteristics as the
population. Is this statement true or false?
True
False
18 Selection of a sampling unit from a population should be dependent upon
the inclusion of another sampling unit. Is this statement true or false?
True
False
19 Population is called as ___________ where the members are identical to one
another.
Universe
Heterogeneous population
Homogeneous population
Finite universe
Multiple-Choice Questions
This activity contains 10 questions.
The term used to define the smallest element in sample selection
is:
sample interval
statistical unit
population unit
respondent
sampling unit
sample frame
Which of the following is a probability-based sample selection
method?
accidental sampling
convenience sampling
judgment sampling
over sampling
multistage stratified
snowball sampling
Interviewing hockey players as they exit the arena is an example
of what type of sampling?
convenience
purposive
cluster
simple random
adaptive
quota
A marketing researcher is restricted to a sample size of 100, but
wants households with children and those without children equally
represented. The sampling method he would use is:
seed
quota
grid method
systematic
cluster
replicated
The cluster sampling technique is typically used for its cost
effectiveness in what type of research:
direct mail
consumer panel
telephone
mall intercept
internet
in-home
Which of the following sampling methodology statements do you
agree with?
Selection depends only on cost and time constraints.
The more important the business decision, the more important it is to use a
probability method.
Always choose the method most suited to the problem, irrespective of all
other factors.
Non-probability samples can still be accurately measured.
Sample size is more important than sample methodology.
The rarer the population, the larger the sample size should be.
A high level of non-response to a survey:
creates a bias that can be eliminated by increasing the sample size
is fixable by eliminating any sample errors
will not bias the results as the incomplete survey is not recorded
is a sampling error related to defining the sample unit
is normal in research studies and should not be of concern
will produce biased results due to nonsampling error
The statement "results are accurate within +/-4 p.p., 95% of the
time" refers respectively to:
margin of error and accuracy level
confidence level and confidence interval
accuracy interval and confidence level
confidence interval and confidence level
margin of error and margin of confidence
sample interval and confidence level
When it comes to the precision of research estimates, which of the
following is true?
Nonsampling error can affect reliability of results.
Statistical formulae can measure nonsampling error.
A reliable measure is always valid.
Nonsampling error can affect validity of results.
Sample size is the only thing of importance.
Characteristics of non-responders have no biasing effect.
Sampling error (versus bias) can be reduced by:
increasing the sample size
eliminating respondent fatigue
conducting callbacks
increasing response rates
reducing incomplete surveys
correcting a faulty sample frame
Research Methodology MCQ
1) Who was the author of the book named "Methods in Social Research"?
a.
Kerlinger
b. CR Kothari
c. Goode and Hatt
d. Wilkinson
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Answer: c) Goode and Halt
Explanation: The book named "Methods in Social Research" was authored by Goode
and Hatt on Dec 01, 1952, which was specifically aimed to improve student's
knowledge as well as response skills.
2) What is the major attribute of Correlation Analysis?
a.
Association among variables
b. Difference among variables
c. Regression among variables
d. Variations among variables
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Answer: a) Association among variables
Explanation: Mainly the correlational analysis focus on finding the association
between one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more
quantitative dependent variables.
3) What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out?
a.
Research hypothesis
b. Synopsis of Research
c. Research paradigm
d. Research design
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Answer: d) Research design
Explanation: A conceptual framework can be understood as a Research design that
you require before research.
4) What is the main role of research in education?
25.8M
594
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a.
To upsurge one's social status.
b. To increase one's job prospects.
c. To augment one's personal growth.
d. To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist.
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Answer: d) To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist
Explanation: Educational research can be defined as an assurance for reviewing and
improving educational practice, which will result in becoming a renowned
educationalist.
5) Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research?
a.
Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools.
b. Design sampling with probability sample techniques.
c. Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.
d. Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence.
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Answer: c) Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.
Explanation: In qualitative research, we use an inductive methodology that starts
from particular to general. In other words, we study society from the bottom, then
move upward to make the theories.
6) How is random sampling helpful?
a.
Reasonably accurate
b. An economical method of data collection
c. Free from personal biases
d. All of the above
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Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: In random sampling, for each element of the set, there exist a
possibility to get selected.
7) A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the organization of
effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate
for this study?
a.
Descriptive survey method
b. Historical method
c. Ex-post facto method
d. Experimental method
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Answer: c) Ex-post facto method
Explanation: Mainly in the ex-post facto method, the existing groups with qualities
are compared on some dependent variable. It is also known as quasi-experimental
for the fact that instead of randomly assigning the subjects, they are grouped on the
basis of a particular characteristic or trait.
8) Tippit table refers to as _________
a.
Table of random digits
b. The table used in sampling methods
c. The table used in statistical investigations
d. All of the above
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Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Tippit table was first published by L.H.C Tippett in 1927.
9) In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required?
a.
Developing a research design
b. Formulating a research question
c. Deciding about the data analysis procedure
d. Formulating a research hypothesis
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Answer: b) Formulating a research question
Explanation: Before starting with research, it is necessary to have a research
question or a topic because once the problem is identified, then we can decide the
research design.
10) The format of thesis writing is the same as in
a.
Writing of Seminar representation
b. Preparation of research paper/article
c. A research dissertation
d. Presenting a workshop/conference paper
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Answer: c) A research dissertation
Explanation: The format of thesis writing is similar to that of a research dissertation,
or we can simply say that dissertation is another word for a thesis.
11) Which one among the following statements is false in the context of participatory
research?
a.
It recognizes knowledge as power
b. It is a collective process of inquiry
c. It emphasizes people as experts
d. Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge
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Answer: d) Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge
Explanation: Participatory action research is a kind of research that stresses
participation and action.
12) Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the testing of
hypotheses?
a.
It is only the alternative hypotheses that can be tested.
b. It is only the null hypotheses that can be tested.
c. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested.
d. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested.
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Answer: b) It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested.
Explanation: Hypotheses testing evaluates its plausibility by using sample data.
13) What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?
a.
The null hypotheses get accepted even if it is false
b. The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true
c. Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected
d. None of the above
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Answer: b) The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true
Explanation: The Type-I Error can be defined as the first kind of error.
14) Research and Development become the index of development of the country. Which
of the following reasons are true with regards to this statement?
a.
R&D targets human development
b. R&D can enhance people's standard of living in the country
c. R&D reflects the actual economic and social conditions being prevailed in the
country
d. All the above
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Answer: d) All of the above.
Explanation: No explanation.
15) What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with?
a.
Long-term research
b. Short-term research
c. Horizontal research
d. None of the above
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Answer: a) Long-term research
Explanation: In general, the longitudinal approach is long-term research in which
the researchers keep on examining similar individuals to detect if any change has
occurred over a while.
16) What do you understand by the term "Anusandhan"?
a.
Goal-oriented
b. Following an aim
c. Attaining an aim
d. Praying to achieve an aim
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Answer: b) Following an aim
Explanation: No explanation.
17) Evaluation Research is concerned with __________
a.
How well are we doing?
b. Why are we doing?
c. What are we doing?
d. None of the above
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Answer: a) How well are we doing?
Explanation: Instead of focusing on the process, the evaluation research measures
the consequences of the process, for example, if the objectives are met or not.
18) Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research?
a.
Research is not passive
b. Research is systematic
c. Research is not a problem-oriented
d. Research is not a process
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Answer: d) Research is not a process
Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the
researchers to intensify expertise.
19) Which of the following options are the main tasks of research in modern society?
a.
To learn new things
b. To keep pace with the advancement in knowledge
c. To systematically examine and critically analyze the investigations/sources
with the objective
d. All of the above
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Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the
researchers to intensify expertise.
20) What is the main aim of interdisciplinary research?
a.
To over simplify the problem of research
b. To bring out the holistic approach to research
c. To create a new trend in research methodology
d. To reduce the emphasis on a single subject in the research domain
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Answer: b) To bring out the holistic approach to research
Explanation: Particularly in interdisciplinary research, it combines two or more
hypothetical disciplines into one activity.
21) The main aim of the scientific method in the research field is to _________
a.
Improve data interpretation
b. Confirm triangulation
c. Introduce new variables
d. Eliminate spurious relations
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Answer: d) Eliminate spurious relations
Explanation: Scientific research aims to build knowledge by hypothesizing new
theories and discovering laws.
22) A researcher is interested in studying the prospects of a particular political party in
an urban area. So, what tool should he prefer for the study?
a.
Rating Scale
b. Interview
c. Questionnaire
d. Schedule
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Answer: c) Questionnaire
Explanation: Since it is an urban area, so there is a probability of literacy amongst a
greater number of people. Also, there would be numerous questions over the ruling
period of a political party, which cannot be simply answered by rating. The rating can
only be considered if any political party has done some work, which is why the
Questionnaire is used.
23) The conclusions/findings of which type of research cannot be generalized to other
situations?
a.
Casual Comparative Research
b. Historical Research
c. Descriptive Research
d. Experimental Research
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Answer: b) Historical Research
Explanation: One cannot generalize historical research in the USA, which has been
done in India.
24) How to judge the depth of any research?
a.
By research title
b. By research duration
c. By research objectives
d. By total expenditure on research
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Answer: c) By research objectives
Explanation: Research objectives concisely demonstrate what we are trying to
achieve through the research.
25) Who can successfully conduct Research?
a.
Someone who is a hard worker
b. Possesses post-graduation degree
c. Has studied research methodology
d. Possesses thinking and reasoning ability
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Answer: c) Has studied research methodology
Explanation: Anyone who has studied the research methodology can undergo the
research.
26) Which of the following is not the method of Research?
a.
Survey
b. Historical
c. Observation
d. Philosophical
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Answer: c) Observation
Explanation: Mainly the research method comprises strategies, processes or
techniques that are being utilized to collect the data or evidence so as to reveal new
information or create a better understanding of a topic.
27) A research problem is feasible only when
a.
It has utility and relevance
b. It is new and adds something to knowledge
c. It is researchable
d. All of the above
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Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the area of
interest, a condition that is required to be improved, a difficulty that has to be
eradicated, or any disquieting question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in
practice that points to be solved.
28) Circle graphs are used to show
a.
How is one part related to other parts?
b. How various sections share in the whole?
c. How is one whole related to another whole?
d. How are various parts related to the whole?
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Answer: d) How are various parts related to the whole?
Explanation: A circle graph helps in visualizing information as well as the data.
29) Authenticity of a research finding is its
a.
Validity
b. Objectivity
c. Originality
d. All of the above
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Answer: b) Objectivity
Explanation: No explanation.
30) Which one is called non-probability sampling?
a.
Quota sampling
b. Cluster sampling
c. Systematic sampling
d. Stratified random sampling
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Answer: a) Quota sampling
Explanation: In non-probability sampling, all the members do not get an equal
opportunity to participate in the study.
31) What does a good thesis involve?
a) Reducing punctuations
b)
Correct
c)
Consistency
in
d) Well defined abstract
as
well
the
as
grammatical
reference
way
of
errors
to
thesis
minimalist
citations
writing
Select the answers from the codes given below:
a.
b), c) and d)
b. a), b), c) and d)
c. a), b) and c)
d. a), b) and d)
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Answer: B. a), b), c) and d)
Explanation: All of the above.
32) Which one among the following statements is correct in context to research?
a) Research refers to a series of systematic activity or activities undertaken to find out
the
solution
to
a
problem.
b) It is a systematic, logical and unbiased process wherein verification of hypotheses,
data analysis, interpretation and formation of principles can be done.
c)
It
is
an
intellectual
inquiry
or
quest
towards
truth,
d) It enhances knowledge.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
a.
a), b), c) and d)
b. a), b) and c)
c. b), c) and d)
d. a), c) and d)
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: A. a), b), c) and d)
Explanation: All of the above.
33) On what basis did Jean Piaget give his theory of cognitive development of humans?
a.
Evaluation Research
b. Fundamental Research
c. Applied Research
d. Action Research
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Answer: b) Fundamental Research
Explanation: Jean Piaget, in his cognitive-developmental theory, proposed the idea
that children can actively construct knowledge simply by exploring and manipulating
the world around them.
34) What are the core elements of a dissertation?
a.
Introduction;
Data
Collection;
Data
Analysis;
Conclusions
and
Recommendations
b. Executive
Summary;
Literature
Review;
Data
Gathered;
Conclusions;
Bibliography
c. Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References
d. Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions
and Conclusions
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) Introduction; Literature Review;
Discussions and Conclusions
Research
Methodology;
Results;
Explanation: The core elements of the dissertation are as follows:
Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and
Conclusions
35) "Sampling Cases" can be defined as
a.
Sampling using a sampling frame
b. Identifying people who are suitable for research
c. Literally the researcher's brief case
d. A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.
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Answer: d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.
Explanation: In general, sampling in case study research involves decisions made by
the researchers regarding the strategies of sampling, the number of case studies, and
the definition of the unit of analysis.
36) Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite?
a.
Systematic Sampling Technique
b. Purposive Sampling Technique
c. Area Sampling Technique
d. None of the above
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Answer: a) Systematic Sampling Technique
Explanation: Systematic sampling can be understood as a probability sampling
method in which the members of the population are selected by the researchers at a
regular interval.
37) Research problem is selected from the standpoint of
a.
Social relevance
b. Financial support
c. Researcher's interest
d. Availability of relevant literature
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Answer: a) Social relevance
Explanation: No explanation.
38) The F-test:
a.
Is essentially a two-tailed test.
b. Is essentially a one-tailed test.
c. Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses.
d. Can never be one tailed test.
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Answer: c) Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses
Explanation: An F-test corresponds to a statistical test in which the test statistic has
an F-distribution under the null hypothesis.
39) Which one among the following is the most comprehensive source of population
data?
a.
Census
b. National Sample Surveys
c. Demographic Health Surveys
d. National Family Health Surveys
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Answer: a) Census
Explanation: Census is an official survey that keeps track of the population data.
40) The process not needed in experimental research is
a.
Controlling
b. Observation
c. Reference collection
d. Manipulation and replication
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Answer: b) Observation
Explanation: No explanation.
41) What are those conditions where a research problem is not viable?
a.
It is new and adds something to knowledge
b. It can be researched
c. It has utility and relevance
d. It contains dependent and independent variables
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) It contains dependent and independent variables
Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the
concerned area, a condition needed to be improved, a difficulty that has to be
eliminated, or a troubling question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in
practice pointing towards the need of delivering a deliberate investigation.
42) How can we enhance the research objective?
a.
By making it more valid
b. By making it more reliable
c. By making it more impartial
d. All of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: The research objectives must be concisely described before starting the
research as it illustrates what we are going to achieve as an end result after the
accomplishment.
43) Action-research can be understood as ___________
a.
A longitudinal research
b. An applied research
c. A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem
d. All of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: c) A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem
Explanation: In general, action research is termed as a philosophy or a research
methodology, which is implemented in social sciences.
44) On what basis can one formulate the assumptions?
a.
The cultural background of the country
b. Universities
c. Some specific characteristics of castes
d. All of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: a) The cultural background of the country
Explanation: An assumption can be identified as an unexamined belief, which we
contemplate without even comprehending it. Also, the conclusions that we draw are
often based on assumptions.
45) Which one among the following falls under the category of research development?
a.
Descriptive Research
b. Philosophical Research
c. Action Research
d. All of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: No explanation.
46) What is the use of Factorial Analysis?
a.
For setting the hypotheses
b. To understand the difference between two variables
c. To understand the relationship between two variables
d. To understand the difference between various variables
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: b) To understand the difference between two variables
Explanation: Factor analysis can be understood as a statistical method that defines
the variability between two variables in terms of factors, which are nothing but
unobserved variables.
47) What is the best-suited name for a process that doesn't necessitate experimental
research?
a.
Manipulation
b. Controlling
c. Content analysis
d. Observation
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: a) Manipulation
Explanation: In an experimental research design, whenever the independent
variables (i.e., treatment variables or factors) decisively get altered by researchers,
then that process is termed as an experimental manipulation.
48) Which one among the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms?
a.
Numerical Aptitude
b. Marital Status
c. Socio-economic Status
d. Professional Attitude
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) Professional Attitude
Explanation: A professional attitude is an ability that inclines you to manage your
time, portray a leadership quality, make you self-determined and persistent.
49) The "Sociogram" technique is used to study _________
a.
Vocational Interest
b. Human Relations
c. Professional Competence
d. Achievement Motivation
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: b) Human Relations
Explanation: The term sociogram can be defined as a graphical representation of
human relation that portrays the social links formed by one particular person.
50) Which one among the following phrases does not correspond to the meaning of
research as a process?
a.
Problem Solving
b. Trial and Error
c. Objective Observation
d. Systematic Activity
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: c) Objective Observation
Explanation: The research process comprises classifying, locating, evaluating, and
investigating the data, which is required to support your research question, followed
by developing and expressing your ideas.
Research Methodology MCQ
1) Who was the author of the book named "Methods in Social Research"?
a.
Kerlinger
b. CR Kothari
c. Goode and Hatt
d. Wilkinson
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: c) Goode and Halt
Explanation: The book named "Methods in Social Research" was authored by Goode
and Hatt on Dec 01, 1952, which was specifically aimed to improve student's
knowledge as well as response skills.
2) What is the major attribute of Correlation Analysis?
a.
Association among variables
b. Difference among variables
c. Regression among variables
d. Variations among variables
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: a) Association among variables
Explanation: Mainly the correlational analysis focus on finding the association
between one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more
quantitative dependent variables.
3) What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out?
a.
Research hypothesis
b. Synopsis of Research
c. Research paradigm
d. Research design
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) Research design
Explanation: A conceptual framework can be understood as a Research design that
you require before research.
4) What is the main role of research in education?
25.8M
594
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a.
To upsurge one's social status.
b. To increase one's job prospects.
c. To augment one's personal growth.
d. To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist.
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist
Explanation: Educational research can be defined as an assurance for reviewing and
improving educational practice, which will result in becoming a renowned
educationalist.
5) Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research?
a.
Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools.
b. Design sampling with probability sample techniques.
c. Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.
d. Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence.
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: c) Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.
Explanation: In qualitative research, we use an inductive methodology that starts
from particular to general. In other words, we study society from the bottom, then
move upward to make the theories.
6) How is random sampling helpful?
a.
Reasonably accurate
b. An economical method of data collection
c. Free from personal biases
d. All of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: In random sampling, for each element of the set, there exist a
possibility to get selected.
7) A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the organization of
effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate
for this study?
a.
Descriptive survey method
b. Historical method
c. Ex-post facto method
d. Experimental method
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: c) Ex-post facto method
Explanation: Mainly in the ex-post facto method, the existing groups with qualities
are compared on some dependent variable. It is also known as quasi-experimental
for the fact that instead of randomly assigning the subjects, they are grouped on the
basis of a particular characteristic or trait.
8) Tippit table refers to as _________
a.
Table of random digits
b. The table used in sampling methods
c. The table used in statistical investigations
d. All of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Tippit table was first published by L.H.C Tippett in 1927.
9) In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required?
a.
Developing a research design
b. Formulating a research question
c. Deciding about the data analysis procedure
d. Formulating a research hypothesis
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: b) Formulating a research question
Explanation: Before starting with research, it is necessary to have a research
question or a topic because once the problem is identified, then we can decide the
research design.
10) The format of thesis writing is the same as in
a.
Writing of Seminar representation
b. Preparation of research paper/article
c. A research dissertation
d. Presenting a workshop/conference paper
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: c) A research dissertation
Explanation: The format of thesis writing is similar to that of a research dissertation,
or we can simply say that dissertation is another word for a thesis.
11) Which one among the following statements is false in the context of participatory
research?
a.
It recognizes knowledge as power
b. It is a collective process of inquiry
c. It emphasizes people as experts
d. Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge
Explanation: Participatory action research is a kind of research that stresses
participation and action.
12) Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the testing of
hypotheses?
a.
It is only the alternative hypotheses that can be tested.
b. It is only the null hypotheses that can be tested.
c. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested.
d. Both the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested.
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: b) It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested.
Explanation: Hypotheses testing evaluates its plausibility by using sample data.
13) What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?
a.
The null hypotheses get accepted even if it is false
b. The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true
c. Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected
d. None of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: b) The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true
Explanation: The Type-I Error can be defined as the first kind of error.
14) Research and Development become the index of development of the country. Which
of the following reasons are true with regards to this statement?
a.
R&D targets human development
b. R&D can enhance people's standard of living in the country
c. R&D reflects the actual economic and social conditions being prevailed in the
country
d. All the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) All of the above.
Explanation: No explanation.
15) What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with?
a.
Long-term research
b. Short-term research
c. Horizontal research
d. None of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: a) Long-term research
Explanation: In general, the longitudinal approach is long-term research in which
the researchers keep on examining similar individuals to detect if any change has
occurred over a while.
16) What do you understand by the term "Anusandhan"?
a.
Goal-oriented
b. Following an aim
c. Attaining an aim
d. Praying to achieve an aim
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: b) Following an aim
Explanation: No explanation.
17) Evaluation Research is concerned with __________
a.
How well are we doing?
b. Why are we doing?
c. What are we doing?
d. None of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: a) How well are we doing?
Explanation: Instead of focusing on the process, the evaluation research measures
the consequences of the process, for example, if the objectives are met or not.
18) Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research?
a.
Research is not passive
b. Research is systematic
c. Research is not a problem-oriented
d. Research is not a process
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) Research is not a process
Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the
researchers to intensify expertise.
19) Which of the following options are the main tasks of research in modern society?
a.
To learn new things
b. To keep pace with the advancement in knowledge
c. To systematically examine and critically analyze the investigations/sources
with the objective
d. All of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the
researchers to intensify expertise.
20) What is the main aim of interdisciplinary research?
a.
To over simplify the problem of research
b. To bring out the holistic approach to research
c. To create a new trend in research methodology
d. To reduce the emphasis on a single subject in the research domain
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: b) To bring out the holistic approach to research
Explanation: Particularly in interdisciplinary research, it combines two or more
hypothetical disciplines into one activity.
21) The main aim of the scientific method in the research field is to _________
a.
Improve data interpretation
b. Confirm triangulation
c. Introduce new variables
d. Eliminate spurious relations
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) Eliminate spurious relations
Explanation: Scientific research aims to build knowledge by hypothesizing new
theories and discovering laws.
22) A researcher is interested in studying the prospects of a particular political party in
an urban area. So, what tool should he prefer for the study?
a.
Rating Scale
b. Interview
c. Questionnaire
d. Schedule
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: c) Questionnaire
Explanation: Since it is an urban area, so there is a probability of literacy amongst a
greater number of people. Also, there would be numerous questions over the ruling
period of a political party, which cannot be simply answered by rating. The rating can
only be considered if any political party has done some work, which is why the
Questionnaire is used.
23) The conclusions/findings of which type of research cannot be generalized to other
situations?
a.
Casual Comparative Research
b. Historical Research
c. Descriptive Research
d. Experimental Research
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: b) Historical Research
Explanation: One cannot generalize historical research in the USA, which has been
done in India.
24) How to judge the depth of any research?
a.
By research title
b. By research duration
c. By research objectives
d. By total expenditure on research
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: c) By research objectives
Explanation: Research objectives concisely demonstrate what we are trying to
achieve through the research.
25) Who can successfully conduct Research?
a.
Someone who is a hard worker
b. Possesses post-graduation degree
c. Has studied research methodology
d. Possesses thinking and reasoning ability
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: c) Has studied research methodology
Explanation: Anyone who has studied the research methodology can undergo the
research.
26) Which of the following is not the method of Research?
a.
Survey
b. Historical
c. Observation
d. Philosophical
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: c) Observation
Explanation: Mainly the research method comprises strategies, processes or
techniques that are being utilized to collect the data or evidence so as to reveal new
information or create a better understanding of a topic.
27) A research problem is feasible only when
a.
It has utility and relevance
b. It is new and adds something to knowledge
c. It is researchable
d. All of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the area of
interest, a condition that is required to be improved, a difficulty that has to be
eradicated, or any disquieting question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in
practice that points to be solved.
28) Circle graphs are used to show
a.
How is one part related to other parts?
b. How various sections share in the whole?
c. How is one whole related to another whole?
d. How are various parts related to the whole?
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) How are various parts related to the whole?
Explanation: A circle graph helps in visualizing information as well as the data.
29) Authenticity of a research finding is its
a.
Validity
b. Objectivity
c. Originality
d. All of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: b) Objectivity
Explanation: No explanation.
30) Which one is called non-probability sampling?
a.
Quota sampling
b. Cluster sampling
c. Systematic sampling
d. Stratified random sampling
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: a) Quota sampling
Explanation: In non-probability sampling, all the members do not get an equal
opportunity to participate in the study.
31) What does a good thesis involve?
a) Reducing punctuations
b)
Correct
c)
Consistency
in
d) Well defined abstract
as
well
the
as
grammatical
reference
way
of
Select the answers from the codes given below:
errors
to
thesis
minimalist
citations
writing
a.
b), c) and d)
b. a), b), c) and d)
c. a), b) and c)
d. a), b) and d)
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: B. a), b), c) and d)
Explanation: All of the above.
32) Which one among the following statements is correct in context to research?
a) Research refers to a series of systematic activity or activities undertaken to find out
the
solution
to
a
problem.
b) It is a systematic, logical and unbiased process wherein verification of hypotheses,
data analysis, interpretation and formation of principles can be done.
c)
It
is
an
intellectual
inquiry
or
quest
towards
truth,
d) It enhances knowledge.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
a.
a), b), c) and d)
b. a), b) and c)
c. b), c) and d)
d. a), c) and d)
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: A. a), b), c) and d)
Explanation: All of the above.
33) On what basis did Jean Piaget give his theory of cognitive development of humans?
a.
Evaluation Research
b. Fundamental Research
c. Applied Research
d. Action Research
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: b) Fundamental Research
Explanation: Jean Piaget, in his cognitive-developmental theory, proposed the idea
that children can actively construct knowledge simply by exploring and manipulating
the world around them.
34) What are the core elements of a dissertation?
a.
Introduction;
Data
Collection;
Data
Analysis;
Conclusions
and
Recommendations
b. Executive
Summary;
Literature
Review;
Data
Gathered;
Conclusions;
Bibliography
c. Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References
d. Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions
and Conclusions
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) Introduction; Literature Review;
Discussions and Conclusions
Research
Methodology;
Results;
Explanation: The core elements of the dissertation are as follows:
Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and
Conclusions
35) "Sampling Cases" can be defined as
a.
Sampling using a sampling frame
b. Identifying people who are suitable for research
c. Literally the researcher's brief case
d. A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.
Explanation: In general, sampling in case study research involves decisions made by
the researchers regarding the strategies of sampling, the number of case studies, and
the definition of the unit of analysis.
36) Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite?
a.
Systematic Sampling Technique
b. Purposive Sampling Technique
c. Area Sampling Technique
d. None of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: a) Systematic Sampling Technique
Explanation: Systematic sampling can be understood as a probability sampling
method in which the members of the population are selected by the researchers at a
regular interval.
37) Research problem is selected from the standpoint of
a.
Social relevance
b. Financial support
c. Researcher's interest
d. Availability of relevant literature
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: a) Social relevance
Explanation: No explanation.
38) The F-test:
a.
Is essentially a two-tailed test.
b. Is essentially a one-tailed test.
c. Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses.
d. Can never be one tailed test.
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: c) Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses
Explanation: An F-test corresponds to a statistical test in which the test statistic has
an F-distribution under the null hypothesis.
39) Which one among the following is the most comprehensive source of population
data?
a.
Census
b. National Sample Surveys
c. Demographic Health Surveys
d. National Family Health Surveys
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: a) Census
Explanation: Census is an official survey that keeps track of the population data.
40) The process not needed in experimental research is
a.
Controlling
b. Observation
c. Reference collection
d. Manipulation and replication
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: b) Observation
Explanation: No explanation.
41) What are those conditions where a research problem is not viable?
a.
It is new and adds something to knowledge
b. It can be researched
c. It has utility and relevance
d. It contains dependent and independent variables
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) It contains dependent and independent variables
Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the
concerned area, a condition needed to be improved, a difficulty that has to be
eliminated, or a troubling question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in
practice pointing towards the need of delivering a deliberate investigation.
42) How can we enhance the research objective?
a.
By making it more valid
b. By making it more reliable
c. By making it more impartial
d. All of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: The research objectives must be concisely described before starting the
research as it illustrates what we are going to achieve as an end result after the
accomplishment.
43) Action-research can be understood as ___________
a.
A longitudinal research
b. An applied research
c. A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem
d. All of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: c) A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem
Explanation: In general, action research is termed as a philosophy or a research
methodology, which is implemented in social sciences.
44) On what basis can one formulate the assumptions?
a.
The cultural background of the country
b. Universities
c. Some specific characteristics of castes
d. All of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: a) The cultural background of the country
Explanation: An assumption can be identified as an unexamined belief, which we
contemplate without even comprehending it. Also, the conclusions that we draw are
often based on assumptions.
45) Which one among the following falls under the category of research development?
a.
Descriptive Research
b. Philosophical Research
c. Action Research
d. All of the above
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: No explanation.
46) What is the use of Factorial Analysis?
a.
For setting the hypotheses
b. To understand the difference between two variables
c. To understand the relationship between two variables
d. To understand the difference between various variables
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: b) To understand the difference between two variables
Explanation: Factor analysis can be understood as a statistical method that defines
the variability between two variables in terms of factors, which are nothing but
unobserved variables.
47) What is the best-suited name for a process that doesn't necessitate experimental
research?
a.
Manipulation
b. Controlling
c. Content analysis
d. Observation
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: a) Manipulation
Explanation: In an experimental research design, whenever the independent
variables (i.e., treatment variables or factors) decisively get altered by researchers,
then that process is termed as an experimental manipulation.
48) Which one among the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms?
a.
Numerical Aptitude
b. Marital Status
c. Socio-economic Status
d. Professional Attitude
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: d) Professional Attitude
Explanation: A professional attitude is an ability that inclines you to manage your
time, portray a leadership quality, make you self-determined and persistent.
49) The "Sociogram" technique is used to study _________
a.
Vocational Interest
b. Human Relations
c. Professional Competence
d. Achievement Motivation
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: b) Human Relations
Explanation: The term sociogram can be defined as a graphical representation of
human relation that portrays the social links formed by one particular person.
50) Which one among the following phrases does not correspond to the meaning of
research as a process?
a.
Problem Solving
b. Trial and Error
c. Objective Observation
d. Systematic Activity
Hide Answer Workspace
Answer: c) Objective Observation
Explanation: The research process comprises classifying, locating, evaluating, and
investigating the data, which is required to support your research question, followed
by developing and expressing your ideas.
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