LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION
I. Learning Outcome
1. Agree on working definition of globalization.
2. Differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization
3. Narrate a personal experience of globalization
II. Pretest
Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on the space
provided before the number.
1. Why do you think that social scientists in the field have different
conceptions of globalization?
a. It is depend on the global market
b. Globalization defines based on human behavior
c. Globalization may be defined based on what is being globalized
d. Defining globalization when political instability occurs.
2. What scapes that refers to a realm where political idea move
around?
a. Mediascapes
b. Ideoscapes
c. Ethnoscapes d. Scapes
3. Who differentiate the globalization that occur on multiple and
intersecting dimensions of integration?
a. Manfred Steger
b. Arjun Appadurai
c. Karl Marx
d. Emile Durkheim
4. Who defined globalization as primarily economics process that
refers to the integration of the national markets to wider global
markets?
a. Manfred Steger
b. Arjun Appadurai
c. Karl Marx
d. Emile Durkheim
5. What scapes that refers to the global movement of people from
one place to other?
a. Mediascapes
b. Ideoscapes
c. Ethnoscapes d. Scapes
III. Content
Definition of Globalization
According to scholars of Social Sciences, Globalization defined as:
Most accounts view globalization as primarily an economic
process. When a newspaper reports that nationalist are resisting
“globalization”, it usually refers to the integration of the national
markets to a wider global market signified by the increased free
trade. When activists refer to the “anti-globalization” movement of
the 1990s, they mean resisting the trade deals among countries
facilitated and promoted by global organizations like the World
Trade Organization.
The best scholarly description of globalization is provided by
Manfred Steger who described the process as “the expansion and
intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time
and across world-space. “ Expansion refers to “both the creation of
new social networks and the multiplication of existing connections
that cut across traditional political, economic, cultural, and
geographic boundaries.” These various connections occur at
different levels. Social Media, for example, establish new global
connections between people, while international groups of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are networks that connect a
more specific group-social workers and activists-from different
corners of the globe.
Competing conceptions of globalization
All this talk of large, interesting processes may be confusing.
Indeed, it may be hard to assess globalization or comment on it
because it is so diffuse and almost fleeting. Some scholars have
therefore found it simpler to avoid talking about globalization as a
whole. Instead, they want to discuss “multiple globalizations”, instead
of just one process.
For anthropologist Arjun Appadurai, different kinds of
globalization occur on multiple and intersecting dimensions of
integration that he calls “scapes”. An “ethnoscape”. For example,
refers to the global movement of people, while a “mediascape” is
about the flow of culture. A “technoscape” refers to the circulation
of mechanical goods and software; a “ideoscape” is a realm where
political idea move around. Although they intersect, these various
scapes have have differing logics. They are thus distinct windows into
the broader phenomenon of globalization.
Manfred Steger posits that his definition of globalization must be
differentiated with an ideology he calls globalism. If globalization
represents that many processes that allow for the expansion and
intensification of global connections, globalism is a widespread
belief among powerful people that the global integration of
economic markets is beneficial for everyone, since it spreads
freedom and democracy across the world. It is a common belief
forwarded in media and policy circles.
Depending on what is being globalized, a different dynamic (or
dynamics) may emerge. So while it is important to ask “What is
globalization?” it is likewise important to ask “What is/are being
globalized?” Depending on what is being globalized, the vista and
conclusions change.
IV. Learning Activities
1. Now that you have learned and defined globalization, you can
now narrate your personal experiences on globalization. Write down
at least 3-5 sentences about your experiences on Globalization.
Write your answer on the space provided below.
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V. Mastery Test
Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on the space
provided before the number.
1. Who defined globalization as primarily economics process that
refers to the integration of the national markets to wider global
markets?
a. Manfred Steger
b. Arjun Appadurai
c. Karl Marx
d. Emile Durkheim
2. What scapes that refers to the global movement of people from
one place to other?
a. Mediascapes
b. Ideoscapes
c. Ethnoscapes d. Scapes
3. What scapes that refers to a realm where political idea move
around?
a. Mediascapes
b. Ideoscapes
c. Ethnoscapes d. Scapes
4. Who differentiate the globalization that occur on multiple and
intersecting dimensions of integration?
a. Manfred Steger
b. Arjun Appadurai
c. Karl Marx
d. Emile Durkheim
5. Why do you think that social scientists in the field have different
conceptions of globalization?
a. It is depend on the global market
b. Globalization defines based on human behavior
c. Globalization may be defined based on what is being globalized
d. Defining globalization when political instability occurs.