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The Land Of Arabia
Fauna And Flora
Arabia On The Map
Races Of Arabia
The Jahiliya Period
Political Life
Social And Moral Life
Position Of Women
Cultural Life
Religious Life
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Arabia- biggest peninsula –
south-west of Asia
Length – 1500 miles
Breadth- 1300 miles
Total area – over 1200000 sq miles
Three deserts
• Nifud – north
• Dahna – central asia
• Rab’al khali - the empty quarter
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Hejaz -----------------------North West
Najd------------------------east Of Hejaz
Yamaha--------------------center Of Arabia
Asir And Tihama-----------coastal Area Of Red Sea
Yemen---------------------south-west Part Of Arabia
Hadramawt---------------Indian Ocean Coast
Uman-----------------------south- East
Bahrain-----------------cost Of Persian Gulf And North Of Uman
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Driest land
Rainless country
Vegetation is little
Water is low >>saline and bitter
Few bushes
Stunted tress > saline leaves >> animal
Rare animals>> horse and cow
Migrated birds
Wild animals>> reptiles
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Jaziral Al-arab
West--------------------Red Sea
South--------------------Indian Ocean
East----------------------Persian Gulf
North---------------------Nifud Or Syrian Desert
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Arab baida >> ancient >> Ad , the samood, the jadis
Banu Qahtan >> (himyarites/ yemanis)
Arab ariba >> the real arabs
Arab musta’riba’ >> The Naturalized Arabs>> descendant of
ishmael(son of Prophet Ibrahim and Hajra)
• Bedouins>> ahl-ul badiya>> the dwellers of the desert
• Ahl-ul hadharch >>the towns people>>The dwellers of the
town.
• bedouins 80% of Arabia population >>they were divided into
tribes.
• Town's Arabs: they are divided into tribes however they did not
lead a pastoral or Nomadic life but a settled life with a
permanent settlement in a town.
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Two Century before the rise of Islam
age of ignorance
age of crisis
old tribalism broke down under the impact of powerful forces
• Disintegration of the Ancient matriarchal system
• Growth of money economy throughout Arabia
• Migration of the Yemeni tribes to Northern area which is intertribal war
• increased in imperialist intrigues of Rome and Persia among the
border tribe of north and Southern Arabs
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Without any Central Government for single political authority
innumerable tribes headed by Shaikh
each tribe act as a state
each and every member bound by custom and tribal decision
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• Sheikh was not absolute master he had to consult all the
tribesmen especially the elders in any decision
• this was the democratic spirit of equality and freedom
• Tribal security system and cause of inter tribal wars
• Long drawn tribal wars
• the causes of these wars were usually a petty affair such a
• a dispute over the boundaries of a pasture, a claim over spring
water or an injury to the person or animal of a tribe by another
• once it started the war would last for several years and even
decades
• War of basus
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The bedouin tribes were pastoral and Nomadic
towns people were mainly traders and Merchant
the society was tribal and matriarchal or patriarchal
Few slaves >>prisoners of War-capture on battlefield
male slaves are put to work such as attending the cattles
female slaves are made domestic servants
• According to the situations of war
• the bedouins developed many qualities of
• Fighters : they are brave courageous , hospitable and generous
• they love freedom and were deeply loyal to their groups clan or tribe.
• Some negative moral evils are brutality, lying, breaking of
promises or trust and many other immoralities of sexual nature.
• Women as worse than animal
• Regarded as chattel >>to be passed on from one owner to
another
• No right and no social status
• No honor
• Muta' or temporary marriage were too frequent
• Female infanticide was also prevalent
• Wine drinking, prostitution and gambling was also on peak
The Arabs of this period knew little or
nothing about art, culture and learning,
except of Arabic language and poetry
• Religious life and beliefs range from the
worship of one supreme god which they
significantly card allah to the worship of
rough stones and heaps and wooden stick
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the ancient Arabs were polytheistic
every tribe has its own God and goddess
even every family had its own household god.
the most important of these Gods or Goddesses were
• Al- hubal, al- Uzza, al-Lat al- Manat
• Less important gods ----- yaghush, Wadd, Nasr
• Al- Hubal was special god of Qrraaish of makkah
• Their idols and temples
• Superstitions
• Christianity, Judaism, magianism or the fire worship of Persia,
star worship also exist in Arabia.
• The Christians were quarrelling among themselves
• As they are divided into two main sects the monotheists and nestorians
• On the question whether Christ was man or god
• They were morally week as they were involved in drinking and
gambling
• The Jewish >>religion was based on race racialism and a sort
of caste system
• The consider them self to be superior and call themselves as chosen
people destined to rule the world
• so we may conclude that the religious life of
jahiliya period was a dark as its political and
social condition. superstition idolatry And
degenerated forms of Christianity and Judaism
held the people's mind