Chapter 8. Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Professional nurses value the importance and application of nursing theory and research. Which
commonly accepted practice came out of the Framingham study?
1. Mammography in breast cancer screening
2. Colonoscopy in colon cancer screening
3. Papanicolaou (Pap) testing in cervical cancer screening
4. Digital rectal examination in prostate cancer screening
____
2. Which theorist developed the nursing theory known as the Science of Human Caring?
1. Florence Nightingale
2. Patricia Benner
3. Jean Watson
4. Nola Pender
____
3. A patient experiences pain after undergoing surgery. The nurse forms a mental image of pain
based on the nurse’s own experiences with pain. Which term describes this mental image?
1. Phenomenon
2. Concept
3. Assumption
4. Definition
____
4. The nurse and other hospital personnel strive to keep the patient care area clean. The theory of
which nursing theorist most directly illustrates these ideas?
1. Virginia Henderson
2. Imogene Rigdon
3. Katherine Kolcaba
4. Florence Nightingale
____
5. The nurse is providing care for a patient originating from a country in the Middle East. The patient
has a nasogastric (NG) tube for stomach decompression for a blocked bowel. Which statement by
the nurse indicates use of the theory developed by Madeline Leininger when the patient asks if a
family member can bring in garlic to be administered through the NG tube?
1. “I think the administration of garlic will cause gastric upset.”
2. “I am sure the physician would not be in favor of allowing this.”
3. “Let’s give the physician’s medical treatment a chance to work first.”
4. “Please explain the association between garlic and your condition.”
____
6. A nurse researcher is designing a research project. After identifying and stating the problem, the
nurse researcher clarifies the purpose of the study. Which step in the research process does the
researcher complete next?
1. Perform a literature review.
2. Develop a conceptual framework.
3. Formulate the hypothesis.
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4. Define the study variables.
____
7. The parent of a child who is participating in a research study using high-dose steroids wishes to
withdraw the child from the study. Despite reassurance that adverse reactions to steroids in
children are uncommon, the parent does not have a change of mind. Which right is the parent
exercising by withdrawing the child from the study?
1. Not to be harmed
2. To self-determination
3. To full disclosure
4. Of confidentiality
____
8. The nurse uses the non-nursing theory of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs when providing care.
Which patient intervention does the nurse develop to address physiological needs?
1. Patient is placed on fall precautions due to physical limitations.
2. Patient will begin cardiac rehabilitation to promote complete recovery.
3. Patient will use recognition from others as a motive to improve health.
4. Patient will fulfill cognitive needs effectively through patient education.
____
9. The nurse works in an extended care facility on the dementia unit. The nurse embraces the
validation theory for communication with the clients on the unit. For which reason is the
application of this theory most effective?
1. Prevents the client from experiencing painful memories
2. Helps the client to gradually accept the realities of their lives
3. Gives the nurse an accepted method of orienting the client
4. Aids the client to create whatever reality the client desires
____
10. The PICO question reads, “Is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) effective in the
management of chronic low-back pain in adults?” Which part of this question comes from the “I”
in PICO?
1. Adults
2. Management
3. Pain
4. TENS
____
11. While reading a journal article, the nurse mentally asks these questions: “What is this about
overall? Is it true in whole or in part? Does it matter to my practice?” Which process is this nurse
demonstrating?
1. Reading the article analytically
2. Performing a literature review
3. Formulating a searchable question
4. Determining the soundness of the article
____
12. The nurse is planning to initiate a research project that involves adult patients as participants. The
nurse accepts moral and legal responsibility to protect research participants from physical or
emotional harm. Which mechanism will the nurse utilize for participant protection?
1. The research facility Board of Directors
2. The research facility Board of Medical Advisors
3. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the research facility
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4. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
____
13. The nurse researcher is conducting a research study. In preparation for the study, the nurse will
develop a method for participants’ identification while maintaining privacy and confidentiality.
Which method is best for the researcher to use for participant identification?
1. Use a code number for each participant.
2. Use participant initials only.
3. Use gender and age only.
4. Use participant surname only.
____
14. The new nurse working on a surgical unit observes some patients developing a low-grade fever of
99°F (37.2°C) a few hours after surgery. Which action is appropriate for the nurse to take to gain
some insight into the observation?
1. Explore previous patient records for additional data.
2. Talk to the nurse manager about starting a research study.
3. Formulate a searchable question, and research the literature.
4. Speak to the surgeon whose patients are exhibiting symptoms.
____
15. The nurse is providing care to a patient who is nauseous, vomiting, experiencing abdominal pain,
and has no bowel sounds. The nurse concludes the patient’s symptoms may be associated with a
paralytic ileus. Which type of thinking is the nurse using to arrive at this conclusion?
1. Inductive reasoning
2. Deductive reasoning
3. Guesswork
4. Diagnostics
____
16. The nurse researcher is conducting a research study on the association between aging male
populations and the development of prostate cancer. The nurse uses a sample of 50 males older
than 80 years of age. The quantitative research finds that many of the participants developed
cancer after age 80 years. Which is the flaw in this research if the nurse reports all males over 80
years of age will most likely develop prostate cancer?
1. The problem statement does not provide enough information.
2. Sample size is too small to make a generalization.
3. The research is only valuable to those working with aging males.
4. The research design is most likely inappropriate for the type of study.
____
17. The nurse understands the term “paradigm” is the worldview of a discipline. Which paradigm
relates to nursing?
1. Focuses on an in-depth look at parts of a person
2. Involves a broader perspective on the entire person
3. Includes the purpose of providing legal equality
4. Represents the theories used to define society
____
18. The nurse in a clinical setting states, “I keep up with the latest nursing trends on the Internet.”
Which factor causes another nurse to question the statement?
1. The Internet provides rapid and ongoing updates.
2. Publishing on the Internet is strictly monitored.
3. It may be difficult to do a research appraisal on the material.
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4. There is no reason for concern because Web sites are reliable sources.
____
19. A newly graduated nurse is working on a medical-surgical unit and appears to have difficulty
identifying what needs to be done, as well as selection of interventions and setting goals. Which
advice from the nurse manager is most helpful?
1. Follow an experienced nurse for a week.
2. Contact a former instructor for help and guidance.
3. Discuss each shift’s responsibility with the nurse manager.
4. Review and discuss the use of clinical practice theories.
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
____
20. The nurse educator in the local hospital is developing a plan to implement research into nursing
care practices. Which are some of the barriers the nurse educator may encounter in the
implementation process? Select all that apply.
1. Not enough nursing research has been published.
2. There is a negative attitude toward research.
3. There is a lack of support from the employing hospital.
4. Most nursing research is not relevant to hospital practice.
5. Nurses are extremely reluctant to change nursing practice.
____
21. Which statements best describe the phases of nursing research? Select all that apply.
1. Selection and definition of the problem
2. Formulation of a research question
3. Selection of individual participants
4. Molding data to the research question
5. Reporting the research findings
____
22. The American Nurses Association (ANA) has set standards for registered nurses (RNs) in utilizing
evidence-based interventions and treatments in practice. According to the ANA, which statements
best describe the ANA standards? Select all that apply.
1. The RN uses current evidence-based nursing knowledge to guide practice
decisions.
2. The RN critically analyzes evidence-based practice and research findings for
application to practice.
3. The RN shares research activities and findings with healthcare peers and others.
4. The RN uses specific competencies in conducting and integrating research.
5. The RN Incorporates evidence when initiating changes in nursing practice.
Completion
Complete each statement.
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23. The unit committee in the intensive care unit is designing a research study to see whether the
spiritual needs of patients are being met. The study will involve patient interviews after discharge.
After the interview process, the staff will examine patient statements for recurring themes. The
unit committee is conducting ____________________ research.
24. A 56-year-old patient diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) makes
inappropriate sexual comments to the licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse
(LPN/LVN). The LPN/LVN is visibly upset. The registered nurse (RN) assigned to the patient
informs the patient that the behavior is unacceptable and will not be tolerated. Is the RN
demonstrating holistic nursing or mechanistic nursing? ____________________
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
Chapter 8. Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: 1
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: List the four essential concepts in a nursing theory.
Page: 126 (V1)
Heading: The Importance of Nursing Theory and Research
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1
This is correct. One commonly accepted practice that came out of the
Framingham study is the link between mammography and breast cancer. Before
the Framingham study, mammography was considered an unreliable tool in
breast cancer screening.
2
This is incorrect. Colonoscopy for colon cancer screening is not related to the
Framingham study.
3
This is incorrect. Pap testing for cervical cancer screening is not related to the
Framingham study.
4
This is incorrect. Digital rectal examination for prostate cancer screening is not
related to the Framingham study.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
2. ANS: 3
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Name the two prominent nurses who proposed theories of caring.
Page: 126 (V1)
Heading: The Importance of Nursing Theory and Research
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Easy
Feedback
1
This is incorrect. Florence Nightingale developed the theory that stated that a
clean environment would improve the health of patients. By changing the care
environment, she dramatically reduced the death rate of soldiers.
2
This is incorrect. Dr. Patricia Benner’s theory described the progression of a
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
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4
beginning nurse who learns to be an expert nurse.
This is correct. Dr. Jean Watson developed the nursing theory known as the
Science of Human Caring. Her theory describes caring from a nursing
perspective.
This is incorrect. Nola Pender’s theory on health promotion became the basis for
most health promotion teaching done by nurses.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
3. ANS: 2
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Define nursing theory.
Page: 127 (V1)
Heading: What Are the Components of a Theory?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1
This is incorrect. Phenomena are the subject matter of a discipline. They mark
the boundaries of a discipline.
2
This is correct. A concept is a mental image of a phenomenon, an aspect of
reality that you can observe and experience. In the scenario above, the nurse
forms a mental image of pain because of the nurse’s past experiences with pain.
3
This is incorrect. An assumption is an idea that is taken for granted. In a theory,
the assumption is the idea that the researcher presumes to be true and does not
intend to test with research.
4
This is incorrect. A definition is a statement of the meaning of a term or concept
that sets forth the concept’s characteristics or indicators.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
4. ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Name the two prominent nurses who proposed theories of caring.
Page: 130 (V1)
Heading: How Do Nurses Use Theories?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1
This is incorrect. Virginia Henderson identified 14 basic needs that are
addressed by nursing care.
2
This is incorrect. Imogene Rigdon developed a theory about bereavement in
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
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older women after noticing that older women handle grief differently than do
men and younger women.
This is incorrect. Katherine Kolcaba developed a theory of holistic comfort in
nursing.
This is correct. Florence Nightingale was instrumental in identifying the
importance of a clean patient care environment. During the Crimean War,
Nightingale dramatically reduced the death rate of soldiers by changing the
healthcare environment.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
5. ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Name the two prominent nurses who proposed theories of caring.
Page: 128 (V1)
Heading: Who Are Some Important Nurse Theorists?
Integrated Processes: Culture and Spirituality
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Difficult
Feedback
1
This is incorrect. The nurse is expressing a personal belief to avoid participating
in the patient’s cultural belief.
2
This is incorrect. The nurse is discounting the patient’s cultural belief by using
an assumption that the physician would not support the action.
3
This is incorrect. The nurse is being disrespectful to the patient’s cultural
practices by suggesting the physician’s medical treatment is the priority or
superior care.
4
This is correct. The nurse is using the theory developed by Madeline Leininger.
Leininger’s theory focuses on the values of cultural diversity. According to her
theory, the nurse must make cultural accommodations for the health benefit of
the patient. The nurse’s statement explores the patient’s cultural
beliefs/practices.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
6. ANS: 1
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Explain how the four building blocks (components) are used in developing a theory.
Page: 141 (V1)
Heading: What Are the Phases of the Research Process?
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
1
2
3
4
Feedback
This is correct. After identifying and stating the problem, the nurse researcher
should clarify the purpose of the study. Next, the researcher should perform a
literature search to find out what is already known about the problem.
This is incorrect. After the literature search, the researcher selects a conceptual
framework to guide the research.
This is incorrect. After the literature search, the researcher formulates the
hypothesis or research question on which the study will focus.
This is incorrect. After the literature search, the researcher will define the
specific variables for the planned study.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
7. ANS: 2
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Name the three priorities in the process of protecting research participants.
Page: 142 (V1)
Heading: What Are the Rights of Research Participants?
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1
This is incorrect. The right not to be harmed outlines the safety protocols of the
study.
2
This is correct. The parent is exercising the right to self-determination. This
refers to the right of the participant (or parent, in the case of a minor) to
withdraw from a research study at any time and for any reason.
3
This is incorrect. All research participants also have the right to full disclosure.
This guarantees the participants answers to questions, such as the purpose of the
research study, the risks and benefits, and what happens if the patient feels
worse as a result of the study.
4
This is incorrect. Participants have the right to confidentiality. Typically, that
right is preserved by giving participants an identification code rather than
associating them by name.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
8. ANS: 2
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Describe the three non-nursing theories and their contributions to nursing.
Page: 136 (V1)
Heading: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Difficult
Feedback
1
This is incorrect. Placing a patient on fall precautions due to physical limitations
is aimed at meeting the patient’s safety needs.
2
This is correct. Cardiac rehabilitation most directly addresses the patient’s
physiological need for physical activity as well as for health and healing.
3
This is incorrect. When a patient uses recognition from others to improve health,
the patient’s self-esteem needs are being met.
4
This is incorrect. Maslow identifies two different needs to achieve
self-actualization; one of them is to fulfill cognitive needs. For the patient, this
is accomplished effectively through patient education.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
9. ANS: 1
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Describe the three non-nursing theories and their contributions to nursing.
Page: 133 (V1)
Heading: How Do Nurses Use Theories From Other Disciplines?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Difficult
Feedback
1
This is correct. Validation theory arises from social work and provides for a way
to communicate with older people with dementia. The theory asks the caregiver
to go where the client with dementia is in their own mind. Wrongful thinking is
not corrected to prevent the client from experiencing painful memories
repeatedly.
2
This is incorrect. Validation theory is not based on helping a demented client to
accept the realities of their lives.
3
This is incorrect. Validation theory does not give the nurse an accepted method
of orienting the client with dementia.
4
This is incorrect. Validation is not based on aiding the client to create whatever
reality the client desires.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
10. ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Use the PICOT method to formulate a question for guiding a literature search.
Page: 143 (V1)
Heading: Formulate a Searchable Question
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Difficult
Feedback
1
This is incorrect. “Adults” comes from Patient (P). There is no comparison
intervention (C) in this PICO question.
2
This is incorrect. “Management” comes from Outcome (O).
3
This is incorrect. As in this example, a research question may not always need a
(C) and sometimes not a (T). “C” indicates Comparison intervention; “T”
represents Times.
4
This is correct. The “I” in PICOT represents the intervention part of a research
question. In this example, “TENS” is the intervention (I) in the PICO system.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
11. ANS: 1
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Discuss the process of analytic reading, and explain its significance to the appraisal of
research.
Page: 144 (V1)
Heading: Evaluate the Quality of the Research
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1
This is correct. Analytical reading involves questioning the article to be sure of
the nurse’s understanding and to determine whether it is applicable to the
nurse’s practice. Such reading asks these questions: “What is this about as a
whole? Is it true in whole or in part? Does it matter to my practice?”
2
This is incorrect. A literature review is performed by searching indexes and
databases, and reading more than one article.
3
This is incorrect. Formulating a searchable question involves creating a
PICO-type statement to guide a search of the literature.
4
This is incorrect. The nurse determines whether the article is a research report
by looking for the individual parts of the article to see if they were present in the
form of research (e.g., title, problem, hypothesis, purpose, methods, data, data
analysis, conclusions).
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
12. ANS: 3
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Name the three priorities in the process of protecting research participants.
Page: 142 (V1)
Heading: What Are the Rights of Research Participants?
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1
This is incorrect. The Board of Directors at the nurse’s selected facility may
permit or not permit research at the facility; however, the decision is not likely
to be specifically based on participant protection.
2
This is incorrect. A facility’s Board of Medical Advisors is not likely to have the
authority to assure participant protection during a research project.
3
This is correct. Every hospital, university, and other healthcare facility where
federal funds are involved has an IRB. It consists of healthcare professionals
and people from the community who are willing to review and critique research
proposals. The two main responsibilities of the IRB are to (1) protect the
research participants from harm and (2) ensure that the research is of value.
4
This is incorrect. The United States government, through the Department of
Health and Human Services (DHHS), has a complex set of standards that all
researchers must follow. The mechanism for overseeing the ethical standards
established by the DHHS is the IRB.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
13. ANS: 1
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Name the three priorities in the process of protecting research participants.
Page: 142 (V1)
Heading: What Are the Rights of Research Participants?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1
This is correct. All research participants have the right to have their
identification protected. Generally, participants are given a code number rather
than being identified by name. Once the study is completed and the data are
analyzed, the researcher is responsible for protecting the raw data (such as those
from questionnaires and taped interviews).
2
This is incorrect. The use of initials for the identification of research participants
is not effective because of the possibility of the same initials being applicable to
multiple participants.
3
This is incorrect. The use of gender and age for the identification of research
participants is not effective; many participants may share the same factors.
4
This is incorrect. The use of surnames for research participants does not provide
fail-safe identification. Multiple numbers of people share the same surname,
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which can lead to a breach of confidentiality or wrong identification.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
14. ANS: 3
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Discuss how you might integrate nursing research into your nursing practice.
Page: 138 (V1)
Heading: Nursing Research
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1
This is incorrect. Exploring previous patient records for additional data may or
may not be needed. The scope of the research question will determine the use of
previous records or current records.
2
This is incorrect. Asking the nurse manager about starting a research study is a
matter of professional courtesy. In addition, the nurse manager may be more
receptive if the nurse can present some preliminary data and a reason for the
study.
3
This is correct. When the nurse finds a topic of interest, the first step is to state it
in the form of a question to help narrow a search. A question stated too broadly
may yield overwhelming and irrelevant results. A question stated too narrowly
may yield no results.
4
This is incorrect. Speaking to the surgeon whose patients are exhibiting the
elevated temperature is unnecessary and definitely premature. This action can
trigger a defensive attitude, especially if the observation is not validated.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
15. ANS: 1
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Discuss how you might integrate nursing research into your nursing practice.
Page: 129 (V1)
Heading: How Are Theories Developed?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physical Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1
This is correct. Inductive reasoning is often used in the nursing process.
Induction moves from the specific to the general. The nurse gathers separate
pieces of information, recognizes a pattern, and forms a generalization or
conclusion. In this item, the nurse uses inductive reasoning based on
observations and assessment of this patient and concludes that the symptoms are
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
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4
associated with a paralytic ileus.
This is incorrect. Deductive reasoning starts with a general premise and moves
to a specific deduction.
This is incorrect. This is not guesswork because the nurse is using her
observation, assessment skills, and knowledge to draw a conclusion.
This is incorrect. The nurse is not diagnosing this patient because this is within
the scope of practice of a medical doctor. The nurse is, however, making an
association between signs and symptoms and a disease process.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
16. ANS: 2
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Compare and contrast quantitative and qualitative nursing research.
Page: 140 (V1)
Heading: What Are the Two Approaches to Research?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Difficult
Feedback
1
This is incorrect. The problem statement provides enough information to form
an idea of what this study is about.
2
This is correct. The sample size of 50 males is too small to make the
generalization that all males over age 80 years will develop prostate cancer.
3
This is incorrect. This research is valuable to nurses working with these patients
and is valuable to the medical community and healthcare consumers.
4
This is incorrect. The quantitative research design is appropriate for this type of
study because it is the design for gathering data from enough subjects to be able
to generalize the results to a similar population.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
17. ANS: 2
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Explain how the four building blocks (components) are used in developing a theory.
Page: 144 (V1)
Heading: Paradigm, Framework, Model, or Theory?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1
This is incorrect. The medical paradigm views a person through a lens that
focuses on identifying and treating disease. This lens causes the observer to look
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
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3
4
in depth at the “parts” (e.g., cells, organs) of a person.
This is correct. The nursing paradigm views the person through a lens with a
broader perspective on the entire person and how the person responds to isolated
changes in physical, psychological, social, and spiritual health.
This is incorrect. A paradigm is the worldview or ideology of a discipline. It is
the broadest, most global conceptual framework of a discipline. It includes and
guides the values, philosophy, knowledge, theories, and research processes of
the discipline. The paradigm that includes the purpose of providing legal
equality may be related to law or lawyers.
This is incorrect. Paradigms are not theories; they are just “how we see things.”
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
18. ANS: 3
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Discuss the process of analytic reading, and explain its significance to the appraisal of
research.
Page: 144 (V1)
Heading: Journals
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
1
2
3
4
Feedback
This is incorrect. Information on the Internet is updated at the discretion of the
author of the material. The ability for rapid and ongoing updating exists but may
be used rarely, if at all.
This is incorrect. Publishing on the Internet is not strictly monitored. In fact,
anyone can publish/post any material they wish. Some publications on online
professional sites are reliable.
This is correct. It may be difficult to do a research appraisal on the material
found on the Internet. Not all research is good research. Some published studies
contain serious flaws, and nurses need to be able to recognize them. An effective
strategy for conducting a research appraisal is to use “analytical reading.”
This is incorrect. It is important to remember that Web sites are not necessarily
reliable. A good practice is to use sites with names that end with .edu and .gov.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
19. ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: List the three ways in which you can use nursing theory.
Page: 131 (V1)
Heading: How Do Nurses Use Theories?
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1
This is incorrect. The new nurse may or may not gain helpful information and/or
experience by following an experienced nurse for a week. The new nurse needs
a basis on which to build clinical thinking and management.
2
This is incorrect. The new nurse is no longer dependent on former nursing
instructors for help and guidance.
3
This is incorrect. Discussing each shift’s responsibilities with the nurse manager
may or may not be helpful. The new nurse needs a basis on which to build
clinical thinking and management.
4
This is correct. The best advice for the new nurse is to find or revisit clinical
practice theories. Nursing theories serve as a guide for assessment, problem
identification, and choice of nursing interventions. They help nurses
communicate to other members of the healthcare team and identifies what it is
that makes nurses unique and important to the interdisciplinary team. Clinical
practice theories very specifically guide what the nurse does each day.
PTS:
1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
20. ANS: 2, 3, 5
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Discuss how you might integrate nursing research into your nursing practice.
Page: 146 (V1)
Heading: Box 8-5: Barriers to Using Research
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environments: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Difficult
1.
2.
3.
4.
Feedback
This is incorrect. There is an abundance of nursing research and evidence-based
nursing research providing sound evidence on which to base nursing care.
This is correct. The nurse researcher is likely to find a negative attitude toward
research, hindering the implementation process.
This is correct. The nurse researcher is likely to find a lack of support from the
employing institutions, which is a barrier to implementation.
This is incorrect. Most nursing research is relevant to hospital practice, so this is not
seen as an implementation barrier.
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
5.
This is correct. Nurses are extremely reluctant to change nursing practice because a
recognized barrier, which identifies that many study findings are not ready for the
clinical environment.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
21. ANS: 1, 2, 5
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: List the three components of the research process, and explain their importance.
Page: 141 (V1)
Heading: What Are the Phases of the Research Process?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Difficult
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Feedback
This is correct. All research begins with the selection and definition of the problem
to be studied.
This is correct. After the problem is defined and information is gathered on the topic,
the nurse formulates a research question, hypothesis, or problem statement.
This is incorrect. In research, individual participants are not selected for the study. A
random group or specified population are used as research participants.
This is incorrect. Data are not molded to the research question; data are analyzed and
conclusions are drawn that either support or do not support the research question.
This is correct. The final phase of research is the reporting of the findings. Without
this phase, the research serves no specific purpose.
PTS: 1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
22. ANS: 1, 2, 3, 5
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Discuss how you might integrate nursing research into your nursing practice.
Page: 138 (V1)
Heading: ANA Standards
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Difficult
1.
2.
Feedback
This is correct. According to the ANA Standards of Professional Performance, the
registered nurse uses current evidence-based nursing knowledge, including research
findings, to guide practice decisions.
This is correct. The ANA Standards of Professional Performance supports the
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
3.
4.
5.
registered nurse to critically analyze evidence-based practice and research findings
for application to nursing practice.
This is correct. The registered nurse participates in the development of
evidence-based practice through research activities, and shares research activities
and/or findings with peers and others.
This is incorrect. Competencies related to research are stated by Quality and Safety
Education for Nurses under its educational competencies and are not part of the
ANA standards.
This is correct. The RN incorporates evidence when initiating changes in nursing
practice instead of randomly initiating changes that may or may not be safe,
efficient, and effective.
PTS:
1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
COMPLETION
23. ANS:
qualitative
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: Compare and contrast quantitative and qualitative nursing research.
Page: 131 (V1)
Heading: What Are the Two Approaches to Research?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback: The unit council is conducting qualitative research, which focuses on the lived
experiences of people.
PTS: 1
24. ANS:
mechanistic
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
Chapter: Chapter 8 Theory, Research, & Evidence-Based Practice
Objective: List the three ways in which you can use nursing theory.
Page: 125 (V1)
Heading: Meet Your Patient
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
Feedback: The nurse is demonstrating the mechanistic nursing approach, which focuses on getting
the task done.
PTS:
1
CON: Evidence-Based Practice
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company