BIO MATERIALS PRESENTED BY Nawal Mehdi Roll no. :F21BPHYS3E01046 HISTORY OF BIOMATERIALS Today, we can briefly differentiate four generations of biomaterials: 1) The first generation started with humanity and was simply restricted to the materials which were available in the natural environment of the human being and used to simply repair organs. 2) The second is very long and started with the “history” of the improvement of the human knowledge and finished in the middle of the 20th century – this generation gained all the benefits from the industrial revolution. 3) The third and actual generation started with the “birth” of polymers as new and promising materials added to the fruit of scientists’ knowledge and research about materials and the way they can be transformed or elaborated and the extraordinary living systems. 4) The fourth generation is in its beginnings and is a mixture of dreams and realities DEFINITION A biomaterial is a substance that has been engineered to interact with biological systems for a medical purpose, either a therapeutic (treat, augment, repair, or replace a tissue function of the body) or a diagnostic one. PROPERTIES OF BIOMATERIALS • • • • BIOACTIVITY SELF ASSEMBLY BIOCOMPATIBILITY MECHANICAL PROPERTIES SHOULD BE SIMILAR TO THE ORGAN INJURED OR REPLACED • NON REACTIVE EXAMPLES OF BIOMATERIALS TYPES OF BIOMATERIALS • ADVNTAGES OF BIOATERIALS • METALS: The main advantages of metals are that they are strong and are resistant to fatigue degradation. They have shape memory and can be sterilized easily before use. • POLYMERS: They are easy to manufacture and modify. They are also biodegradable. • CEREMICS: The main advantage is that they are strong and chemically inert. They have high compressive strength, which is necessary for bone implants. Some ceramic materials are also biodegradable. • COMPOSITES: The main advantage of composites is that they are strong while being lightweight. They have low density and also are resistant to corrosion. DISADVANTAGES OF BIOMATERIALS • METALS: The main disadvantage is that metal can corrode due to chemical reaction with the body enzymes and acids. It also can cause metal ion toxicity in the body. • POLYMERS: Due to the intensive interaction with the body, they can leach, leading to wear and tear. They also can absorb important nutrients and water from the blood. • CEREMICS: Difficulty in manufacturing forms the main disadvantage. They also can minimize bone ingrowth. Sometimes, implants can loosen over time and become dislodged. • COMPOSITES: The high cost involved in the manufacture of composites is a disadvantage. In addition, their shape cannot be changed easily. APPLICATIONS • • • • • HEART VALVE DENTAL IMPLANTS INTRAOCULAR LENS VASCULAR GRAFTS HIP REPLACEMENTS REFERENCES • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomaterial • Migonney, Véronique (2014). Biomaterials (Migonney/Biomaterials) || History of Biomaterials. , 10.1002/9781119043553(), 1– 10. doi:10.1002/9781119043553.ch1 • https://sciencing.com/oil-dissolve-rubber-gloves-18160.html • https://www.slideshare.net/khsaransh/biomaterial-and-its-applications ANY QUESTIONS????? THANK YOU!!!!!
