Biology Diana Scott Lesson 2.1 Cues - - - - - The Nature of Matter Notetaking Column Ionic Bond: when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Covalent Bonds: the interatomic linkage that results from the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms. Polar covalent bond: a covalent bond in which the atoms have an unequal attraction for electrons and so the sharing is unequal. Non Polar covalent bond: a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally between the two atoms Hydrogen bond: the attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge The study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter, the atom. The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons have about the same mass. ● Protons are positively charged (+) ● Neutrons carry no charge at all ● Electrons are negatively charged (-) Strong forces bind protons and neutrons together to form the nucleus,at the center of the atom. Electrons only have 1/1840 the mass of a proton. Atoms have equal numbers of electrons and protons, and are electrically neutral because the opposite charges cancel out.Atoms bonded together form a compound.Ionic bonds are very strong. Marriages are strong. Ionic bonds take a lot of heat and pressure to break. Ionic Bonds ● Ionic bonds- strong bond between two oppositely charged IONS ● ION - charged atom ● Atoms become ions by either gaining or losing electrons. Covalent Bonds ● Bonds between atoms that share electrons ● No gaining or losing ● Found in many living things NON- Polar Covalent Bonds ● Electrons are shared equally between all atoms in the molecule ● No charge on any part of the molecule Polar Covalent Bonds ● Electrons are shared unequally between atoms in the molecule ● The parts of the molecules that hold on tightly to the electrons get to have them more often ● Those parts are slightly negative ● The parts of the molecule that don't hold onto electrons well get electrons pulled away and are slightly positive. Van Der Waals Forces ● Slight attraction between oppositely charged regions of DIFFERENT polar molecules ● Like flirting not, a strong bond always forming and breaking. The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called its mass number. Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain are known as isotopes. Isotopes have different masses, but their chemical properties are the same. A chemical compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination. The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed An ionic bond is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. The main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Summary - Strong forces bind protons and neutrons together to form the nucleus,at the center of the atom. A chemical compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination. Atoms bonded together form a compound. Ionic bonds are very strong Electrons only have 1/1840 the mass of a proton.
