Chapter 1
• Chapter 1
• 1.1 , 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6
Medical terms: Will be embedded into lecture as
well as those listed on the next slide
Chapter Review: Medical Terminology: Pg. 21
Define: Using Chapter Review Pg. 21
Term
Definition
Example
Term
Ab-
Inter-
Ad-
Intra-
-algia
Later/o
Ante-
Macr/o
Circum-
Meta-
Contra-
Para-
Dia-
Peri-
-dynia
Retro-
Epi-
Sub-
Exo-
Supra-
-genesis
Trans-
-ic
Viscer/o
Infra-
Definition
Example
Anatomy versus Physiology
• Anatomy
Structure
• Physiology
Function
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Levels of Organization
• What you should know:
– Order lowest/most basic  highest/most complex
– You should be able to provide an example of each
of the levels.
6 Levels of Organization
1. Chemical
2. Cellular
3. Tissue
•
Four Tissue Types: Epithelial,
Muscle, Connective, Nervous
4. Organ
•
Recognizable shape, composed of 2
or more types of tissues, have
specific functions
5. System
6. Organism
Practice Question
• When we talk about the cells that make up
epithelial tissue, we are looking at what level
of organization?
a) Cellular level
b) Chemical level
c) Tissue level
d) Organ level
e) System level
Organ Systems
• What you should know:
– Main components of each system
– Main function(s) of each system
11 Body Organ Systems
•
•
•
•
•
•
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
•
•
•
•
•
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
gemn.dvrlists.com
Organ System
Major Organs
Functions
Practice Question
• The spleen and thymus are components of
the:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Integumentary system
Endocrine system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Nervous system
Practice Question
• The system that helps regulate body
temperature, protects the body, and
eliminates some wastes:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Integumentary system
Endocrine system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Nervous system
1.5 Anatomical Terms
Copyright © 2016 by Nelson Education Ltd.
13
Anatomical Terms
• Anatomical position:
• Prone:
• Supine:
Anatomical Terms
Cephalic
Cervical
Upper Limb
Trunk
Lower
Limb
Basic Major Regions:
• Cephalic
• Cervical
• Trunk
• Upper limb/Lower limb
(extremities)
Anatomical Terms
Cephalic and Cervical Regions:
• Cephalic
–
–
–
–
–
Skull (cranial)
Face (facial)
Forehead (frontal)
Nose (nasal)
Mouth (oral)
Frontal
Cranial
Facial
• Cervical
Nasal
Cervical
Oral
Anatomical Terms
Regions of the Trunk:
• Chest (thoracic)
– Breastbone (sternal)
– Breast (mammary)
• Abdomen (abdominal)
• Pelvis (pelvic)
Sternal
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Mammary
Anatomical Terms
Upper Limb:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Armpit (axillary)
Arm (brachial)
Anterior Elbow (antecubital)
Forearm (antebrachial)
Wrist (carpal)
Hand (manual)
Axillary
Brachial
Antebrachial
Manual
Anatomical Terms
Lower Limb:
–
–
–
–
–
Buttock (gluteal)
Thigh (femoral)
Foot (pedal)
Ankle (tarsal)
Toes (digital or phalangeal)
Femoral
Pedal
Tarsal
Digitals
Anatomical Terms
Posterior View:
• Base of skull (occipital)
• Shoulder blade (scapular)
• Spinal column (vertebral)
• Buttocks (gluteal)
Cephalic
Cervical
Scapular
Vertebral
Upper Limb
Gluteal
Lower Limb
Print at least 2 copies of this slide
Print at least 2 copies of this slide
Copyright © 2016 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Copyright © 2016 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Body Regions and Cavities
• What you should know:
– Given an unlabelled diagram, be able to identify
the name for the body region indicated.
– Know directional terms and be able to identify the
location of one region in relation to another using
the directional terms.
Body Planes and Sections
•
•
•
•
Sagittal plane – divides body (or organ) into left and
right portions
• Midsagittal plane– equal left and right sections
• Parasagittal plane- unequal left and right
sections
Frontal plane – divides body (or organ) into anterior
and posterior parts
Transverse plane – divides body (or organ) into
superior and inferior parts (a.k.a cross-sectional or
horizontal plane)
Oblique plane – divided body on an angle
Body Planes and Sections
Copyright © 2016 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Planes and Sections
Identify These Planes
Body Cavities
4 main body cavities:
1. Cranial
2. Vertebral
3. Thoracic
– Pleural
– Mediastinum
– Pericardial
4. Abdominopelvic
– Abdominal
– Pelvic
Copyright © 2016 by Nelson Education Ltd.
4 Main Body Cavities
Cranial
Cavity
Vertebral
Canal
Thoracic
Cavity
Diaphragm
Abdominal
Cavity
Pelvic
Cavity
Serous membranes
• Thin slippery, double layer membranes that cover organs
(viscera) within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and lines
the walls of the thorax and abdomen
• Serous Membranes Consist of 3 parts:
I. Parietal layer – lines the walls of the cavities
II. Visceral layer – adheres to the viscera within the cavities
III. Serous fluid – lubricating fluid
CAVITY
WHAT IT CONTAINS
1. Cranial Cavity
Brain
2. Vertebral Cavity
Spinal cord and beginning of spinal nerves
3. Thoracic Cavity
Chest cavity
Pleural Cavity
Pleura surrounds a lung
Pericardial Cavity
Pericardium surrounds the heart
Mediastinum
Medial to lungs, sternum to vertebral column, first rib to
diaphragm; contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea,
and several large blood vessels
4. Abdominopelvic Cavity
Abdominal Cavity
Peritoneum surrounds and supports organs found in
abdominal cavity (stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small
intestine, and most of the large intestine)
Pelvic Cavity
Urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, and the
internal organs of reproduction
Abdominal Quadrants
• Know the location (quadrant) of the following:
– Cecum
– Appendix
– Gallbladder
– Liver (right and left lobes)
– Spleen
– Stomach
– Urinary bladder
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
– Right Upper Quadrant
(RUQ)
– Left Upper Quadrant
(LUQ)
– Right Lower Quadrant
(RLQ)
– Left Lower Quadrant
(LLQ)
What plane was this cut made?
Properties of living things
•
All living organisms have certain characteristics that set them
apart from nonliving things
•
Homeostasis: regulation of multiple factors within the body
•
Homeostasis is necessary for normal body function and life
•
Homeostatic imbalance = disease
•
Controlled by positive and negative feedback systems
Homeostasis and Feedback
Definition:
• Is the property of a system in which variables are
regulated so that internal conditions remain stable
and relatively constant.
Examples:
• Thermostat or cruise control (non-living)
• Body temperature
• pH
• Blood glucose
Homeostasis and Feedback
Regulated by:
• Nervous system (rapid)
• Hormones (slower)
Three basic components:
1. Receptor
2. Control center
3. Effector
Homeostasis and Feedback
Examples of the effectors found in our body:
1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Smooth Muscle
3. Cardiac Muscle
4. Endocrine Glands
Feedback System
Copyright © 2016 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Now what…
• Make your own notes using lecture notes,
unlabelled images and textbook
• Concept review questions in text
• Medical Terms: Chapter 1 Review Pg. 21