The Glorious Revolution After Charles I → ? After Commonwealth → Charles II Charles II 1660-1685 - son of Henrietta and exiled in France court devoted to pleasure in reaction to the Puritan Commonwealth 1662 Royal Society nullius in verba 1661 Cavalier Parliament: landowners (nobles and gentry) condemn of the regicides Corporation Act 1661 Act of Uniformity 1662 1673 Church of England Great Plague and Great Fire - 1665 bubonic plague 1666 Great Fire: architect Sir Christopher Wren rebuilt with neoclassical style i.e. St. Paul’s Cathedral Foreign policy - aid of France 1670 Treaty of Dover: war against Holland secret agreement to restore Catholicism in England 1685 Charles II died James II 1685-1688 - power to Catholics widower: heirs Protestant daughters Mary (+ ruler of Holland) and Anne (+ ruler of Denmark) James remarried Mary of Modena (Catholic) → 1688 male catholic heir who has the precedence? Parliament WHIGS TORIES Parliament began to negotiate with the husband of the Protestant Mary, the ruler of Holland William of Orange. - 1688 march to England 1689 William III and Mary II’s joint monarchy revolution by “divine right” → glorious and bloodless acts in favour of the Parliament and constitutional monarchy 1689 Toleration act 1689 Bill of rights Petition of Rights Triennal Act - James II supported by the Catholics in Ireland and Scotland 1689 tried to seize control Battle of Boyne - 1690 William defeated James II 1694 Mary died 1701 Act of Settlement: excluded Catholics from the throne 1702 William died Queen Anne 1702-1714 - 1707 Act of Union: England + Scotland = United Kingdom of Great Britain with a Parliament in Westminster Ireland separate kingdom with Parliament and Protestant Government 1713 Treaty of Utrecht: end of the war of the Spanish Succession → French recognized the Protestant succession and expelled Stuarts colonies in Canada and monopoly of Slave trade in America British Empire: 1714 trade of timber, tea, sugar, carpets, Chinese porcelain
