Key‌‌Questions:‌ ‌
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● How‌‌are‌‌living‌‌things‌‌organized‌‌for‌‌study?‌ ‌
To‌‌study‌‌the‌‌diversity‌‌of‌‌life,‌‌biologists‌‌usa‌‌a‌‌clissification‌‌system‌‌to‌‌name‌‌organisms‌‌and‌‌group‌‌
them‌‌in‌‌a‌‌logical‌‌manner‌‌.‌ ‌
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● What‌‌is‌‌binomial‌‌nomenclature?‌ ‌
In‌‌binomial‌‌nomenclature,‌‌each‌‌species‌‌is‌‌assigned‌‌a‌‌two‌‌part‌‌scientific‌‌name‌‌ ‌
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● What‌‌is‌‌Linnaeus’s‌‌system‌‌of‌‌classification?‌ ‌
Linnaeus’s‌‌hierarchical‌‌system‌‌of‌‌classification‌‌includes‌‌7‌‌levels.‌‌From‌‌smallest‌‌to‌‌largest‌‌they‌‌
are‌‌Species,‌‌Genus,‌‌Family,‌‌Order,‌‌Class,‌‌Phylum,‌‌Kingdom,‌‌Domain.‌ ‌
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● How‌‌are‌‌evolutionary‌‌relationships‌‌important‌‌in‌‌classification?‌ ‌
Organisms‌‌are‌‌noe‌‌grouped‌‌into‌‌categories‌‌that‌‌represent‌‌lines‌‌of‌‌evolutionary‌‌descent‌‌or‌‌
phylogeny.‌ ‌
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● How‌‌can‌‌DNA‌‌and‌‌RNA‌‌help‌‌scientists‌‌determine‌‌evolutionary‌‌relationships?‌ ‌
The‌‌genes‌‌of‌‌many‌‌organisms‌‌show‌‌important‌‌similarities‌‌at‌‌the‌‌molecular‌‌level.‌‌SImilarities‌‌in‌‌
DNA‌‌can‌‌be‌‌used‌‌to‌‌help‌‌determine‌‌classification‌‌and‌‌evolutionary‌‌relationships‌ ‌
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● What‌‌are‌‌6‌‌kingdoms‌‌of‌‌life‌‌as‌‌they‌‌are‌‌now‌‌identified?‌ ‌
The‌‌6‌‌kingdom‌‌system‌‌of‌‌classification‌‌includes‌‌Eubaterica,‌‌Archaebacteria,‌‌Protista,‌‌Fungi,‌‌
Plantae,‌‌and‌‌animalia.‌‌ ‌
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● What‌‌is‌‌the‌‌three-domain‌‌system‌‌of‌‌classification?‌ ‌
Bacteria‌‌composed‌‌of‌‌eubaterica‌‌,‌‌Archaea‌‌composed‌‌or‌‌archaebaterica,‌‌and‌‌Eukarya‌‌which‌‌is‌‌
composed‌‌of‌‌Animals,‌‌plants,‌‌fungi,‌‌protests‌ ‌
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**Write‌‌out‌‌the‌‌whole‌‌chart‌‌of‌‌DOMAINS**‌ ‌
**Siate‌‌the‌‌7‌‌taxa‌‌for‌‌humans‌‌and‌‌a‌‌grizzly‌‌bear**‌ ‌
***Check‌‌PG.‌‌465,467‌‌for‌‌more‌‌questions***‌ ‌
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Vocabulary‌‌to‌‌know:‌ ‌
● Taxonomy‌‌-‌‌In‌‌biology,‌‌taxonomy‌‌is‌‌the‌‌scientific‌‌study‌‌of‌‌naming,‌‌defining‌‌and‌‌
classifying‌‌groups‌‌of‌‌biological‌‌organisms‌‌based‌‌on‌‌shared‌‌characteristics.‌ ‌
● Systematics‌‌-‌‌the‌‌branch‌‌of‌‌biology‌‌that‌‌deals‌‌with‌‌classification‌‌and‌‌nomenclature;‌‌
taxonomy.‌ ‌
● Binomial‌‌nomenclature‌‌-‌‌the‌‌system‌‌of‌‌nomenclature‌‌in‌‌which‌‌two‌‌terms‌‌are‌‌used‌‌to‌‌
denote‌‌a‌‌species‌‌of‌‌living‌‌organism,‌‌the‌‌first‌‌one‌‌indicating‌‌the‌‌genus‌‌and‌‌the‌‌second‌‌
the‌‌specific‌‌epithet.‌ ‌
● Taxon‌‌-‌‌a‌‌taxonomic‌‌group‌‌of‌‌any‌‌rank,‌‌such‌‌as‌‌a‌‌species,‌‌family,‌‌or‌‌class.‌ ‌
● Phylogeny‌‌-‌‌Phylogeny‌‌is‌‌the‌‌representation‌‌of‌‌the‌‌evolutionary‌‌history‌‌and‌‌relationships‌‌
between‌‌groups‌‌of‌‌organisms.‌‌The‌‌results‌‌are‌‌represented‌‌in‌‌a‌‌phylogenetic‌‌tree‌‌that‌‌
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provides‌‌a‌‌visual‌‌output‌‌of‌‌relationships‌‌based‌‌on‌‌shared‌‌or‌‌divergent‌‌physical‌‌and‌‌
genetic‌‌characteristics.‌ ‌
Evolutionary‌‌classification‌‌-‌‌method‌‌of‌‌grouping‌‌organisms‌‌together‌‌according‌‌to‌‌their‌‌
evolutionary‌‌history‌ ‌
Derived‌‌character‌‌-‌‌characteristic‌‌that‌‌appears‌‌in‌‌recent‌‌parts‌‌of‌‌lineage,‌‌but‌‌not‌‌in‌‌its‌‌
older‌‌membranes‌ ‌
Cladogram‌‌-‌‌diagram‌‌that‌‌shows‌‌the‌‌evolutionary‌‌relationship‌‌among‌‌a‌‌group‌‌of‌‌
organisms‌‌ ‌
Molecular‌‌clock‌‌-‌‌model‌‌that‌‌uses‌‌DNA‌‌comparisons‌‌to‌‌estimate‌‌the‌‌length‌‌of‌‌time‌‌that‌‌
two‌‌species‌‌have‌‌been‌‌evolving‌‌independently‌‌ ‌
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Order‌‌Of‌‌Classification:‌ ‌
● Domain‌‌-‌‌(Bacteria,‌‌Archaea,‌‌Eukarya)‌ ‌
● Kingdom‌‌-‌‌(Animalia,‌‌Plantae,‌‌Fungi,‌‌Protista,‌‌Archaebacteria,‌‌Eubacteria)‌ ‌
● Phylum‌‌-‌‌Ex.‌‌Chordata‌‌(animals‌‌with‌‌a‌‌spine)‌ ‌
● Class‌‌-‌‌Mammalia‌‌(mammals)‌ ‌
● Order‌‌-‌‌Carnivora‌ ‌
● Family‌‌-‌‌Felidae‌ ‌
● Genus‌‌-‌‌Panthera‌ ‌
● Species‌‌-‌‌Leo‌ ‌