Subject: Methods of Research
Lecture Note #1
Topic: Types of Researches
Objectives:
1. Recognize the different types of research.
2. Compare Quantitative and qualitative research; basic and applied research; and
experimental and non-experimental.
3. Identify appropriate research type for the chosen research topic.
Discussion:
I. Basic Research and Applied Research
Applied
'What will this
be used for?'
Basic
● Is one type of research
that is used to answer a
specific question that has
direct applications to the
world.
● This is the type of
research that solves a
problem. We will look at
an example later.
● is something that we
can use.
●
Is driven purely by
curiosity and a desire to
expand our knowledge.
● This type of research tends
not to be directly
applicable to the real world
in a direct way, but
enhances our
understanding of the world
around us.
● refers to study and
research that is meant to
increase our scientific
knowledge base.
● This type of research is
often purely theoretical
with the intent of
increasing our
understanding of certain
phenomena or behaviour
but does not seek to solve
or treat these problems.
II. Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research
Quantitative
Prepared by:
Dr. Laila S. Lomibao/ Dr. Janneth Q. Rondina
Graduate School, Dept. of Math Ed
Qualitative
1.
Philosophical
Assumption
● Based on the belief that
knowledge is fixed.
● Knowledge is not relative or
cultural bound, can be
discover, measure and used to
predict future behaviour.
● Researchers must be objective
in gathering and analyzing
data so that the result will be
valid.
● Based on the assumption that
knowledge is relative; it is
changing depending on the
people and the setting
involved.
● Researchers believe that it’s
impossible to be totally
objective and think that a
certain degree of subjectivity
exist in all research.
Purpose
● Seeks to quantify and measure
data.
● The end purpose is to use data
to generalize to a larger
population and make
prediction about future
behaviours.
● Design to show cause and
effect relationship between
two variables.
● Described what have been
found in great detailed`
● This rich description tries to
capture the truthfulness and
complexity of the situation.
● Insightful and helpful in
thinking about other contexts.
● Not intended to show causality
or to predict behaviour in other
setting.
Kinds of
Questions
● Asks questions that can be
answered with quantitative
data (data that measure)`
● Are more narrowly focussed
● Don’t change during the study
● Begin research with an openended questions.
● Answered with data that
describe
● May change as you collect
data.
III. Experimental and Non-experimental
Experimental
Non-experimental (descriptive)
● an independent (experimental) variable
● a study when a researcher cannot
is manipulated while other variables are
control, manipulate or alter the
controlled;
predictor variable or subjects, but
● the effect on the dependent variable is
instead, relies on interpretation,
observed;
observation or interactions to come to a
● one of few design that can show
conclusion.
causality.
● Typically, this means the nonexperimental researcher must rely on
Prepared by:
Dr. Laila S. Lomibao/ Dr. Janneth Q. Rondina
Graduate School, Dept. of Math Ed
● To control for confounding variables,
researchers use random sampling and
random assignment. Sometimes a
stratified random sampling is used.
Prepared by:
Dr. Laila S. Lomibao/ Dr. Janneth Q. Rondina
Graduate School, Dept. of Math Ed
correlations, surveys or case studies,
and cannot demonstrate a true causeand-effect relationship.
● Non-experimental research tends to
have a high level of external validity,
meaning it can be generalized to a
larger population.