Chapter 7
Eukaryotic Organelles:
Structure and Function
Modern Version of Cell Theory
1. All living organisms are composed of one or more
cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and
organization in all organisms.
3. Cells come from preexisting cells through cell
division.
4. All cells contain the hereditary information (DNA)
that is passed from one generation to the next.
Cell Terminology
1. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membranebound organelles. 2 Kingdoms of Bacteria
2. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membranebound organelles. Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals
3. ALL cells on Earth have 4 components: DNA, cell
membrane, cytoplasm and ribosomes.
4. Life includes unicellular, multicellular, heterotrophic
and autotrophic organisms that reproduce either
sexually or asexually (or both).
Cell Structure
Plasma or Cell
Membrane
Found in:
ALL Cells
Location
in cell:
Surrounds
cell
Looks like:
Function:
Phospholipid Barrier or
gatekeeper
bilayer
Selectively Permeable
Cell
Structure
Cytoplasm
Found in: Location
in cell:
ALL
cells
Inside cell
membrane
Looks like:
Watery
fluid
Function:
Holds
organelles
in place
Cell Structure
Ribosome
Found in:
Location
in cell:
Free in
ALL cells cytoplasm,
and attached
to rough ER
Looks like:
Little dots;
large/small
subunit
Function:
Make
proteins
Cell Structure
Chromosomes
(DNA)
Found
in:
ALL
cells
Location
in cell:
Looks like:
Function:
Nucleus or X’s: DNA
nucleoid
twisted
area
and coiled
Genetic
info
ALL cells on Earth must have…
1. Plasma Membrane - phospholipids
2. Cytoplasm – site of metabolic chem reactions
3. DNA – Genetic code
4. Ribosomes – WHY??
Cell Structure
Nucleus
Found in:
All Euks
Location
in cell:
In cell
Looks like:
Large circle in
cell
Function:
Control
center
(“brain”)
Cell Structure
Nuclear
Envelope
Found in:
All Euks
Location
in cell:
Around
nucleus
Looks like:
Function:
Wiffle ball
around
nucleus
Encloses
nucleus
Found in: Location
Cell Structure
in cell:
Nucleolus
All Euks In nucleus
Looks like:
Function:
Dense, dark
Makes
area in nucleus Ribosomes
Cell Structure
Mitochondria
Found in: Location
in cell:
Looks like:
Beans with
In
All Euks
cytoplasm mazes inside
Function:
Converts
sugar to ATP
(energy!!)
Cell
Found in:
Structure
Lysosome
All euks
Location
in cell:
In cytoplasm
Looks like: Function:
Circles
Digestive
enzymes that
destroy old cell
parts
Cell
Found in:
Structure
Rough
ER
All euks
Location
in cell:
Looks like:
Function:
Maze; dots Transport
In
cytoplasm (ribosomes) within cell
- proteins
Cell
Found in:
Structure
Location
in cell:
Looks like:
Function:
Smooth
ER
In
cytoplasm
Maze; no
dots
(ribosomes)
Assembles
lipids and
proteins
All euks
Found in:
Location
in cell:
Looks like:
Golgi Bodies/
apparatus/ All euks
complex
Near
RER
Pancakes
Cell Structure
Function:
Package/
modify
proteins
Cell
Found in:
Structure
Cell
Wall
All Kingdoms but
animals
(prokaryotes too)
Location
in cell:
Outside of
cell
membrane
Looks like/
made out of:
Peptidoglycans,
cellulose (plants)
Function:
Structure,
protection
Cell
Structure
Found in:
Location
in cell:
Looks
like:
Function:
Chloroplasts
ONLY in plants
and algae
Cytoplasm
Green jellybeans
or footballs
Photosynthesis
Cell
Found in:
Structure
Location
in cell:
Vacuoles
In
cytoplasm
All euks
Looks like:
Sacs; plants =
one Central Vac,
animals = many
small ones
Function:
Storage,
especially
water
Cell Structure
Centrioles
Found
Location
in:
in cell:
Looks like:
Function:
Wheels,
Only Near nucleus
Helps in cell
twizzler
pieces,
animal (cytoplasm)
division
bundled
straws
cells
Cell
Found in:
Structure
Cilia
Many
Euks
Location
in cell:
Cell
surface
Looks like:
Tiny
hairs
Function:
Movement
Cell
Found in:
Structure
Location
in cell:
Some Euks
Cell
Flagella
and
surface
Prokaryotes
Protists
Looks like:
Function:
Long
Movement
whip-like
tail(s)
Found
Cell Structure in:
Cytoskeleton
All
Euks
Location
in cell:
Throughout
cytoplasm
Looks like:
Cables
and
girders
Function:
Shape,
support
and
movement
The End!
Cell Structure
Found in:
Location
in cell:
Looks like:
Function: