CHAPTER 7 THE VOCATION OF PRIESTHOOD THEO 500 – CHRISTIAN VOCATION & FULFILLMENT PROF. ANTONIO C. CAYETANO. MARE, J.D. Faculty, Theology/Philosophy Division Arts and Sciences Department San Pedro College, Davao City THE SEVEN SACRAMENTS SACRAMENT OF INITIATION SACRAMENT OF HEALING BAPTISM, CONFIRMATION & EUCHARIST PENANCE/RECONCILIATION & ANOINTING OF THE SICK 1. establish our relationship with the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit 1. continue Jesus’ ongoing ministry of healing and salvation 2. call all of us to holiness 2. offer God’s forgiveness and a way to experience and celebrate ongoing spiritual growth and conversion. 3. consecrate us to be part of the Church’s mission to evangelize the whole world. SACRAMENT OF SERVICE & COMMUNION HOLY ORDERS AND MATRIMONY 1. foster the good of others 2. focus on the salvation of others 3. enhance personal salvation through serving others – Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1533 – 2 JESUS CHRIST THE MODEL OF SERVICE AND COMMUNION 01 Translates love into an active service without condition 02 Interacts with people with love, mercy and compassion without discrimination 03 Shows us how to be a servant-leader at the service of the people and of the Kingdom of God 04 Teaches us how to live authentically without minding what society would think of Him THE COMMON PRIESTHOOD IN RELATION TO THE MINISTERIAL PRIESTHOOD COMMON PRIESTHOOD • All of the baptized are a part of the common priesthood of believers, and they give themselves to God and others in love in their particular circumstances. • The common priesthood of the baptized is to be lived out in their life of prayer and worship. MINISTERIAL PRIESTHOOD • The ministerial priesthood consists of priests and bishops in ordained ministry who use their gifts and talents to respond to God’s call to serve him and his People. • These men receive Sacrament of Holy Orders. the • The word order in Roman antiquity designated an established civil body, especially a governing body…Ordinatio means incorporation into an ordo (1537, CCC). • Ordination (Lat.: ordinatio) is an integration into the three degrees of Holy Orders and a religious and liturgical act which was a consecration, a blessing or a sacrament (1538, CCC). • Today the word "ordination" is reserved for the sacramental act which integrates a man into the order of bishops, presbyters, or deacons, and goes beyond a simple election, designation, delegation, or institution by the community (1538, CCC). WHAT IS AN ORDER & ORDINATION? • Ordination confers a gift of the Holy Spirit that permits the exercise of a "sacred power" (sacra potestas) which can come only from Christ himself through his Church (1538, CCC). • Ordination (also called Consecration from Lat.: consecration) is a setting apart and an investiture by Christ himself for his Church (1538, CCC). • The laying on of hands by the bishop, with the consecratory prayer, constitutes the visible sign of this ordination (1538, CCC). • HOLY ORDERS is the sacrament through which the mission entrusted by Christ to his Apostles continues to be exercised in the Church until the end of time. Thus it is the sacrament of apostolic ministry (1536, CCC). WHAT IS HOLY ORDERS? APOSTOLIC SUCCESSION 01 • The line of bishops stretching back to the apostles. • All over the world, all Catholic bishops are part of a lineage that goes back to the time of the apostles. 02 • To make sure that the apostles’ teachings would be passed down after the deaths of the apostles, Paul told Timothy: “[W]hat you have heard from me before many witnesses entrust to faithful men who will be able to teach others also” (2 Tim. 2:2). • In this passage he refers to the first three generations of apostolic succession—his own generation, Timothy’s generation, and the generation Timothy will teach. THREE DEGREES IN THE SACRAMENT OF HOLY ORDERS PONTIFF & PASTOR THE ORDER OF BISHOP • The episcopacy, the Order of Bishop, is the highest degree of Holy Orders. • The bishops are in a direct, unbroken line from the Apostles who received their mission from Jesus, as well as the power to act in his person. SERVANT CO-WORKER OF THE BISHOP THE ORDER OF PRESBYTER • Priests form around their bishop a presbyterium – “an intimate sacramental brotherhood” – that helps them serve and govern the local Church, or diocese. • Each priest receives from the bishop the charge of a parish community or is appointed to a special ministry to serve God’s people. THE ORDER OF THE DIACONATE • The word deacon means “servant.” • Deacons participate in Jesus’ work and grace by modeling their ministry after Christ. • They are ordained to assist the bishop in his works of service. The clergy are the deacons, priests and bishops in the ordained ministry. COLLEGE OF BISHOPS • Under Canon Law, a ”college” is a collection (Latin collegium) of persons united together for a common object so as to form one body. • The College of Bishops is the community of bishops. BISHOP OF ROME HEAD OF THE COLLEGE OF BISHOPS VICAR OF CHRIST THE ROLE OF THE POPE UNIVERSAL PASTOR OF THE CHURCH ON EARTH THE ROMAN PONTIFF The “bridge maker” who acts as a bridge between God and the Church as the Body of Christ A steward is a servant who cares for someone else’s property or household. CELEBRATE DIVINE WORSHIP ESP. EUCHARIST TEACH THE FAITH OVERSEE PASTORAL MINISTRY [SCHOOLS, PARISHES, OTHER PASTORAL MINISTRIES) GUIDE THE LOCAL CHURCH AS PASTOR & STEWARD WORK WITH THE PRESBYTERIUM, RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES & THE LAITY The bishop is God’s steward because he is responsible for God’s people. He must live in accordance with God’s word and the teachings of the Church, preach with sound doctrine and argue effectively with anyone who refutes God’s word. ROOTED FIRMLY IN JESUS CHRIST Fullest expression in preaching of Gospel and administration of Sacraments THROUGH HOLY ORDERS, PRIESTS • is configured to Christ • stands in place of Christ as head of the Body, the Church People are able to encounter God in a real way ADMINISTRATION OF SACRAMENTS • • • LIFE OF OBEDIENCE • MAIN ROLE • Initiation: Baptism & Eucharist Healing: Reconciliation & Anointing Matrimony To make Christ present to all people at all times VARIED PASTORAL ROLES / ASSIGNMENTS • • • Teach in schools seminary Work in diocesan offices, etc. Most assigned to minister in a parish He ministers wherever he is sent off by the Bishop or Superior THE DAILY LIFE OF A PRIEST LIFE OF PRAYER SACRAMENTAL MINISTRY Pray the Divine Office, Meditation, Lectio Divina Administration of the Sacraments EUCHARISTIC COMMUNION PASTORAL MINISTRY Celebration of the Holy Eucharist Pastoral Counseling, Pastoral Leadership in Pastoral Programs MARIAN DEVOTION STEWARD Pray the Holy Rosary Take care with due diligence the finances and properties of the Church THE DIFFERENCE OF A DIOCESAN PRIESTS AND A RELIGIOUS ORDER PRIESTS • Diocesan priests are not members of the religious orders. • Their ordination is conferred by the bishop. • They promise to be obedient to the bishop and to remain celibate, but do not take the vow of poverty. • They do not wear a religious habit, but wear a black suit or cassock with a Roman collar to identify them as priests. DIOCESAN PRIESTS RELIGIOUS PRIESTS • Celibacy is the formal and solemn oath to never enter the married state. Celibate diocesan priests willingly relinquish their right to marry in order to devote themselves completely and totally to God and his Church. A religious order priests belong a religious community and profess vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. • They often wears a distinctive habit. • Their ordination may be conferred by the local bishop, or the abbot (superior) of their order. VOW OF CHASTITY • CELIBACY • • VOW OF POVERTY • The vow by which a person freely gives up the right to marriage and the duty of abstaining from all indulgence of sexual pleasure. The vow by which religious priests promise to live a simple life and commit to share their resources and their time and talents within their communities and with those in need. VOW OF OBEDIENCE • The vow by which religious priests are called to listen to and obey God’s will through the wisdom of their bishop or superior. 2 TYPES OF DEACONS RECOGNIZE BY THE CATHOLIC CHURCH PERMANENT DEACONS: They are men ordained to an office in the Catholic Church who normally have no intention or desire of becoming priests. He can be single or married. If the latter, he must be married before being ordained a deacon. If his wife dies before him, he may be ordained a priest if the bishop permits and approves. Permanent deacons, especially those who are married, have secular jobs to support their families and also help the local pastor by visiting the sick, teaching the faith, counseling couples and individuals, working on parish committees and councils, and giving advice to the pastor. TRANSITIONAL DEACONS. They are seminarians or students in the last phase of training for the Catholic priesthood. After being a deacon for a year, they’re ordained a priest by the bishop. AREAS OF SERVICE OF A DEACON 01 SACRAMENTS / SACRAMENTAL: baptize, witness marriages, perform funeral & burial services outside Mass 02 AT THE SERVICE OF THE BISHOPS/PRIESTS: assist in the Celebration of the Eucharist, the distribution of Holy Communion and the giving of Homily 03 LIFE OF PRAYER: Obligated to pray the Divine Office (Breviary) each day 04 PASTORAL MINISTRIES: engage in various pastoral ministries of the Church like charity and justice CHAPTER 8 THE VOCATION OF CONSECRATED RELIGIOUS LIFE THEO 500 – CHRISTIAN VOCATION & FULFILLMENT PROF. ANTONIO C. CAYETANO. MARE, J.D. Faculty, Theology/Philosophy Division Arts and Sciences Department San Pedro College, Davao City CHARACTERISTICS OF CONSECRATED RELIGIOUS LIFE The consecrated religious life is characterized by the evangelical counsels of: 1. Poverty 2. chastity, and 3. obedience. THE VOW OF OBEDIENCE • The evangelical counsel of obedience comes from the Latin word for “listen attentively.” • Living this vow does not mean blind obedience. Asking questions is a part of active listening. • We listen attentively to be able to make conscious choices to follow God’s will and keep God’s law. THE VOW OF POVERTY • The evangelical counsel of poverty requires us to be poor in spirit. • People who live this vow are freed from financial need and the distractions of and possible preoccupation with owning possessions and wanting more. THE VOW OF CHASTITY • The vow of chastity is always practiced in a life of celibacy for the sake of the Gospel, in order to more freely participate in the Church’s mission to bring Christ to the whole world. THE HISTORY OF RELIGIOUS LIFE THE HISTORY OF RELIGIOUS LIFE CHARISMS • Charisms are spiritual gifts, and different founders of religious communities were graced with different charisms. • Religious orders today live out their charisms in a variety of ways, adding to the diversity and richness of how the Church reaches out to others with the Good News. THE CHURCH’S MISSIONARY MANDATE • The missionary mandate is to go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing, and teaching. • All Catholics are called to carry out the Church’s missionary mandate. THE ROLE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT IN THE CHURCH • The Holy Spirit has built up the Church from her beginning. • The Holy Spirit brings the Church to life and makes her holy. 3 THINGS THE RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN THE MIDDLE AGES AFFECTED HISTORY Three things religious orders in the Middle Ages did that affected history: They assisted in the reform of the: 1. Church 2. Education, 3. Encouraged people to return to simple living. CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE 1. The contemplative life is a life focused on prayer, Christian perfection and union with Christ. 2. People called to this life are those who want to make prayer their life’s work. LITURGY OF THE HOURS • The Liturgy of the Hours or the Divine Office is the official prayer of the Church. • It is divided into sections that are to be prayed to mark the passing hours of day and night. • It is called liturgy because it is the part of the public prayer of the Church. TYPE OF FORMATION DOES A PERSON SEEKING TO BE A CONSECRATED RELIGIOUS UNDERTAKE A person in formation to become a consecrated religious goes through a period of: 1. Initial inquiry where he or she is a postulant who observes and learns about the community. 2. The next step is the novitiate, where the novice begins to participate more fully in the community. 3. Then the person takes Temporary or First vows. 4. Final or Permanent vows, whereby the person becomes a full member of the religious order. ACTIVE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES • These communities developed in order to meet the needs of the poor and suffering: 1. To care for, to feed, to clothe, to shelter those in need 2. To reach out to those with no access to education. SEMI-CLOISTERED CONSECRATED RELIGIOUS LIFE • “Semi-cloistered” is a way of living whereby the consecrated religious women live: 1. a cloistered life 2. yet at the same time minister to those in need by bringing them in close proximity to the cloister or convent. SOME CONTRIBUTIONS RELIGIOUS WOMEN IN ACTIVE COMMUNITIES HAVE MADE IN THE CHURCH 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. To care for the sick To feed the hungry To clothe those without adequate clothing, To shelter the poor To teach. THE PARTICIPATION OF CONSECRATED RELIGIOUS LIFE IN THE MISSIONARY WORK OF THE WHOLE CHURCH • The entire Church is a missionary Church. • Consecrated religious men and women participate in that missionary work regardless of where they live. • They teach and spread the Gospel, fulfilling the missionary mandate and living as disciples of Jesus.