PENPILLO, JERIC D. 1. Define Globalization as: Historical epoch; Confluence of economic phenomena; the hegemony of American values; technological and social revolution. (20 pts) • Globalization as Historical Epoch. Defining globalization as historical approach simply indicates that “time is the crucial definitive element of globalization” and explains that globalization is a Historical process, the result of human innovation and technological progress. Generally, the significance of the end of the ‘historic compromise’—the linkage among labor representation, wage restraint, social welfarism, full employment, and the dominant mass production system—is that globalization represents a transition to a new formulation about the terms and nature of work. • Globalization as Confluence of Economic Phenomena. Defining globalization as Confluence of Economic Phenomena simply explains that it is a “process-driven and economically defined.” Globalization might be characterized functionally by an intrinsically related series of economic phenomena. These include the liberalization and deregulation of markets, privatization of assets, retreat of state functions, diffusion of technology, cross-national distribution of manufacturing production, and the integration of capital markets. Linking globalization to processes of economic integration as Robert Z. Lawrence, for example, makes the broad statement that “economic integration generally leads to convergence, with poorer economies growing more rapidly than richer economies.” Generally, globalization may simply be an intensification of the process of international interdependence, a function of the growth of competition in an international free trade system intensified by the diffusion of technology. • Globalization as the Hegemony of American Values. Globalization is a creature of US hegemony, informed by American political, cultural, and economic values, and will persist only as long as the United States remains the world's only superpower. Generally, Globalization has facilitated the near instantaneous transfer of goods and ideas and because of this Americans encounter more cultural diversity than ever before like in music, films, art and etc. which have all been impacted by globalization and technology like the internet allows us to access a wealth of diverse cultural goods easily. American have what we call “hegemonic culture”, their norms, values and cultural practices are considered superior against the world culture. PENPILLO, JERIC D. • Globalization as Technological and Social Revolution. The world is in the throes of a technological revolution that differs from the periodic waves of technical change that have marked the progress of industrial society since its origins 200 years ago. Technology is the vital force in the modern form of business globalization. Technology has helped us in overcoming the major hurdles of globalization and international trade such as trade barrier, lack of common ethical standard, transportation cost and delay in information exchange, thereby changing the market place. 2. Is Globalization the same as Globalism and Universalism? Explain. (Make it simple) (5 pts). Globalization is not the same as globalism, which refers to aspirations for a future state of affairs in which all of the world's five billion people, their environment, their roles as citizens, consumers, or producers, and their interest in collective action to solve common problems share or are relevant to all of the world's five billion people. It's also not universalism—values that, hypothetically or really, encompass all of humanity. Since, globalization is frequently defined by what it is not rather than what it is. 3. Explain Francis Fukuyama’s statement that “Convergence is inevitable”. (5 pts) Technology allows for the infinite accumulation of money and, as a result, the fulfillment of an ever-growing list of human needs. This process ensures that all human societies, regardless of their historical origins or cultural legacies, will become increasingly homogeneous. People begin to seek not just more wealth but acknowledgement of their status as living standards rise, populations become more cosmopolitan and educated, and society as a whole achieves greater equality of situation. Furthermore, the social transformations that follow sophisticated industry, particularly universal education, appear to release a yearning for recognition that previously existed only among the poor and uneducated. Liberal democracy is displacing communism as a result of the knowledge that the former delivers a severely flawed kind of recognition.
