Name: Abela, Angela C.
Year, Course and Section: BSA 1-11
Instructor: Elisor C. Guieb, Jr.
Unit 4
Lesson 5: The Family, Education and
Travels of Rizal
Instruction: Discuss the following items thoroughly. Write the question before each answer.
Each answer should contain at least three (3) paragraphs of not less than four (4) sentences
each. You may write your answers in Filipino. Do not forget to write your full name in the
upper left corner of the paper and your course, year and section below it while the name of
your professors should be indicated in the upper right.
1. Construct a timeline of reforms implemented by the Spanish colonial
government in the 19th century. Identify important events in the life of Jose
Rizal and locate these events in the timeline you constructed. How did the
reforms implemented by the Spanish colonial regime in the 19th century relate
to the experiences of Rizal and his family? Attached to the module is a template
where you can put your answers.
DATE
EVENTS
In the Philippines, there existed public
education, but the curriculum was still
1863
regulated by the church. Fewer than onefifth of those who went to school could read
and write Spanish, and even fewer could
correctly speak it.
Rizal entered the Ateneo campus and was
part of a call in which most of his students
1872
were Spanish and Mestizos, but being
Filipino, he became the campus leader.
By the 1880s, many sons of the rich were
being sent to Europe to study. In the liberal
1880
environment, nationalism and a desire for
reform flourished.
March 03,1882
May 09,1882
May 18, 1882
June 11, 1882
December 30, 1887
February 15, 1889
Rizal embarked on a clandestine trip to
Singapore, where he went by the alias
Jose Mercado to avoid detection.
On May 9, 1882, Rizal stopped at
Singapore, which was then a British crown
territory. He subsequently boarded the
Djemnah, a French steamer, to continue
his journey to Spain.
On May 18, 1882, the Djemnah moored at
the British-occupied city of Colombo. Rizal
used the time he had on board the ship
during this stopover to practice his French.
Because of what he seen in Italy of
anarchists assassinating well-known
political figures, he created the character of
Simoun in one of his most renowned
works.
On December 30, 1887, the government
intended to double-check taxes by
interrogating the Calamba tenants about
the rental paid to the Dominican ranch. A
month later, they responded with a petition
prepared by Rizal and signed by the town's
principals questioning the legality of the
alleged Dominicans' land titles.
The first issue of La Solidaridad is
published, igniting a tremendous spark in
the movement at the moment.
Rizal was writing his first novel, Noli Me Tangere, while studying in Europe. He painted a
vivid and realistic image of socioeconomic realities in the Philippines via the medium of
fiction. By prohibiting Filipinos from becoming parish priests and so replacing the friar
curates, the Spanish maintained their grasp on power. Father Jose Burgos, a strong
supporter of promoting Filipino clergy to higher positions, was a friend and teacher of Rizal's
elder brother, Paciano. Burgos and two other priests were charged with participation in a
rebellion at a military arsenal south of Manila in 1872.
Filipinos were considered as inferiors and subjected to various injustices during Spanish
control, with no redress. As a young man, Rizal failed to recognize a lieutenant of the civil
guard and was flogged for failing to greet him. The enraged Rizal traveled to Manila to
denounce the event and seek retribution, but the governor general refused to meet with him.
Rizal's mother's encounter with the Spanish legal system was even more perplexing.
Disgusted by how his politics had made life tough for his family in the Philippines, the
homesick Rizal yearned to leave his Hong Kong–based ophthalmology practice and return
home. Rizal returned to the Philippines in June 1892, despite resistance from his family and
progressive nationalists in the Propaganda Movement who feared for his safety. Before
embarking on his journey back to his hometown, Rizal wrote two letters, which he asked to
be published after his death. The first was to his parents, in which he explained his conduct.
In the second, he addressed his countrymen, admitting his perilous situation and restating
his firm views.
The events of the nineteenth century developed the perception that Filipinos needed to
live under the unrestricted power and influence of the public authority. Clarification: These
events were critical in the formation of Rizal's love for his country since he witnessed the
countless betrayals perpetrated against Filipinos.
Name: Abela, Angela C.
Year, Course and Section: BSA 1-11
Instructor: Elisor C. Guieb, Jr.
Unit 4
Lesson 6: Exile in Dapitan, Trial, and
Execution
ASSESSMENT
Instruction: Discuss the following items thoroughly. Write the question before each answer.
Each answer should contain at least three (3) paragraphs of not less than four (4) sentences
each. You may write your answers in Filipino. Do not forget to write your full name in the
upper left corner of the paper and your course, year and section below it while the name of
your professors should be indicated in the upper right.
1. Mi Ultimo Adios was not titled by Jose Rizal. His friend, Mariano Ponce, gave the
title Mi Ultimo Pensamiento while a Fr. Dacanay republished the poem and gave the
title Mi Ultimo Adios which we are all familiar with. Based on the context, what were
the reasons did Rizal not place a title for his last work?
Rizal wrote his final poem on a single sheet of paper on the eve of his execution, revealing
his strong nationalism and unwavering love for his homeland. The poem was written in
Spanish and consists of 14 five-line stanzas. It was later found hidden inside a small alcohol
stove by his family. Rizal did not give it a title at first, and if it remained untitled, logic and
literary tradition dictated that it be titled by the words from the poem’s first line. Mariano
Ponce, his friend and fellow reformist, later renamed it “Mi Ultimo Adios.”
Jose Rizal may not have given his final work a title in order to keep it hidden from the
Spaniards/guards who were guarding him, as he wrote it inside his cell while awaiting
execution. He didn’t sign or date the paper, so it’s possible he didn’t want it to be discovered
or traced as his work. Mariano Ponce, a friend of his, was the only one who gave it a name.
He may also didn’t want the officials to know about it and take it away from him.
2. Based on Mi Ultimo Adios, what are his comments on his last resting place?
Before his execution, Rizal wrote a letter to his family in which he expressed his wishes for
his burial. It says: “Dear parents, brothers, sisters: Give thanks to God who has kept me
tranquil, before my death … Bury me in the earth, put a stone on top, and a cross. My name,
the date of my birth, and that of my death. Nothing more. If later you should wish to surround
my grave with a fence, you can do it. No anniversary celebrations! I prefer ‘Paang Bundok.’”
This line was mentioned in Rizal’s last written poem.
Jose Rizal, according to the line quoted above, desired to be buried simply with a stone or
a cross to mark his grave. He stated in Mi Ultimo Adios what was his last wish. He desired
to be buried in Paang Bundok. Paang Bundok was the cemetery north of Manila, now known
as North Cemetery. However this desire was unfulfilled, instead he was first buried in Paco
Cemetery.
3. In your reading of Mi Ultimo Adios, how did Rizal see the future of the country?
There is a certain stanza in Rizal’s poem which stated: My dreams, when scarcely a lad
adolescent, My dreams when already a youth, full of vigor to attain, Were to see you, gem
of the sea of the Orient, Your dark eyes dry, smooth brow held to a high plane Without frown,
without wrinkles and of shame without stain. Based on these lines, Rizal dreamed of seeing
his country free, esteemed, and with its head held high since he was a child, even when
other children dreamed of childish things. Rizal’s intention with these lines was to remind us
that we are witnesses to his ideas and thoughts that he had put on paper, and that he had
dreamed of seeing his country as free as an uncaged bird could fly since he was a child.
Name: Abela, Angela C.
Year, Course and Section: BSA 1-11
Instructor: Elisor C. Guieb, Jr.
Unit 4
Lesson 7: Jose Rizal in the La Solidaridad
and his views on the Revolution
ASSESSMENT
Instruction: Read the excerpts from the Memoirs of Pio Valenzuela on his Conference with
Rizal in Dapitan, then answer the questions that follows.
A. Based on the excerpt of Pio Valenzuela’s visit to Jose Rizal in Dapitan,
1. What were Rizal’s views on the impending revolution? Explain your answer and
provide evidences from the excerpt.
Valenzuela traveled to Dapitan in June 1896 to persuade Rizal to support the Katipunan,
or Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK), a
revolutionary organization formed to help the Philippines gain independence from Spain.
The historic meeting between Rizal and Valenzuela has been the subject of some fascinating
research. Rizal had opposed the revolution against Spain based on Pio’s testimony before
a military court in September 1896. After two decades, Valenzuela changed his story,
claiming that Rizal “was not actually against the revolution but advised the Katipuneros to
wait for the right timing, secure the necessary weapons, and gain the support of the wealthy
and scholarly class.”
The section of the Memoirs to which attention is drawn is as follows:
“Rizal [to Valenzuela]: Inform our countrymen that I intend to establish a school in Japan that
will eventually become a university for Filipino youth. In the meantime, we’ll be planning a
revolution in Spain. It will be a great honor for me to be the principal of such a school.”
“Valenzuela: Yes, sir, I will carry out your instructions. However, I believe that you must lead
the revolution first, before establishing the school that you envision.”
Rizal: Well, I’m prepared to lead them both.”
Rizal believed that national freedom could only be achieved by educating the masses,
instilling civic virtues in them, and industrializing the country. He believed that reforms should
be requested from the mother country, Spain, in the most open and peaceful manner
possible, and that they should be implemented gradually. He also believed that separation
would be unavoidable if Spain did not heed the demands for reform, which he saw as the
only way for the two countries to maintain their relationship. He believed that the only way to
achieve this separation was through revolution.
2. What did Rizal learn from the history of Cuba and his intentions of going there?
Rizal had applied to join the Spanish army as a physician during the Cuban War of
Independence. Although his primary motivation was to investigate the deaths caused by a
lack of medical care, the decision also reveals, if not his loyalty to Spain, his lack of
commitment to revolutionary causes.
Rizal’s request to leave Dapitan and join the Spanish military as a doctor stemmed from a
number of desires. Rizal had to leave Dapitan because he needed to start laying the
groundwork for a Philippine nation. He repeatedly petitioned the Spanish government to
allow him to leave exile, eventually deciding to join the Spanish army and travel to Cuba. He
was confident that his request would be granted. He could study the successes and failures
of the Cuban revolution while there, drawing inspiration for the Philippine revolution.
3. What were Rizal’s warning in dealing with the rich and influential Filipinos?
While the time was right to revolt against Spain—the crown had been weakened by a
revolution in Cuba—Rizal believed that if the Filipinos attacked without being properly
prepared, they would be defeated. Rizal also advised the Katipunan to make contact with
the Lunas, who were sympathetic to their cause and could introduce them to the upper crust
of society in the Philippines. Rizal advised that if the rich Filipinos did not intend to support
the revolution, the revolutionaries should at least ensure that they remained neutral rather
than siding with Spain.
B. Utilizing the principles introduced in the lesson, write an essay that applies the idea of
difference, context, and process. There should be at least three paragraphs in which each
paragraph is focused on one principle with supporting evidences from the discussion
above.
The principles discussed in the said lesson are the difference, context and process.
The perception of the distance that separates our own age from all past ages is
characterized as difference. While failing to take difference into account leads to
anacronisms, which are the thoughtless assumptions that individuals in the past behaved
and thought the same way we do now. The second principle, context, requires us to
constantly position our subject of investigation within its context. Finally, process is the
link between events throughout time that gives them greater relevance than if they were
examined separately.
The three concepts (different, context, and process.) may be observed throughout all
of Rizal's writings, for example, using the phrase difference. Rizal saw a distinct line for
us Filipinos that is worth fighting for, he recognized the beauty of the country we have,
and he noticed a clear contrast in how our Spanish captors perceived us. The age gap
between Rizal’s time and ours must be recognized. There is also a huge difference in the
way we perceived things. As a result, we must acknowledge the restricted resources
available to Filipinos throughout the last hundred years, and how this affects how we see
the past now.
The second principle is the context. Based on what I have understood in the lesson, it
is important to consider the setting or situation of the person who is the subject of our
inquiry. It can be infer how placement of the subject of inquiry is important. We can’t
define them based on our own context, it must be on their own context.
Lastly, there is the process. It is considering the whole of something as a part of a
developing process. We can get a greater and meaningful explanations of things if we
examine the events and their relationship with each other that seeing them individually.
For me, it is like in order for us to fully understand something, we should not focus in
only one aspect. We should also look for the other things related to it.
Name: Abela, Angela C.
Instructor: Elisor C. Guieb, Jr.
Year, Course and Section: BSA 1-11
Unit 5 Lesson 8: Annotation of Antonio de
Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
ASSESSMENT
Instruction: Discuss the following items thoroughly. Write the question before each
answer. Each answer should contain at least three (3) paragraphs of not less than four
(4) sentences each.
1. Create a Table of Antonio De Morga and Jose Rizal's Perspectives on Filipino
culture, compare the two based on internal and external perspectives.
2. At the end of the table, give an overall analysis of the differences between the
two in Filipino culture.
PERSPECTIVES ON FILIPINO CULTURE
Antonio De Morga
Cotton
was
grown
extensively
Jose Rizal
on Morga must have meant sinamay, which is
virtually all of the islands, according to woven from abaca thread that comes from
him, and the natives sold it to Chinese the trunk, not the leaves, according to Rizal.
and other foreign merchants as thread
and woven fabrics.
According to Morga, “namamahay” are Slaves known as “namamahay” still exist,
those who assist in the construction of according to Rizal, but they are now known
their master’s home, serve as helpers as “kasama.” They are now referred to as a
frequently when there are visitors, and capitalist’s or farmer’s partners or laborers.
serve their master without complaint.
He explained that a house with parents A house is called “pamamahay” in Tagalog,
and children in the same room is known according to Rizal.
as “bahandin.”
Filipinos, according to Morga, eat rotten Rizal clarified that the foods aren’t
food.
rotten, but rather preserved.
He was critical of the government He believed it was better this way, and that
system, which he claimed barely existed the communities did not need to be
because no powerful figure ruled over a obedient to a single ruler who did not even
slew of communities, the majority of live among them and was unfamiliar with
which were coastal and each with their their needs and problems.
own set of leaders.
Crocodiles, he believed, are involved in The mysterious life of the crocodiles
oaths and execration hurdles for their influenced
hated people, including Christians.
the
Malayan
Filipinos’
imagination, according to Rizal.
Taking a bath regardless of the weather, Because the Philippines is a tropical
according to Morga, could be harmful to country, Rizal emphasized that Filipinos
their health. Furthermore, he claimed bathe regularly.
that Filipinos are filthy.
Based on what are mentioned above, it is evident that here are a lot of difference in the
perspective of Morga towards our cuture and Rizal’s perspective. It can be observed that
some of them are mistakes in the terms used, and how they explain a certain act. As we
compare the two, it is noticeable how they differ in terms of how they describe beliefs they
have seen.
Morga talks about Filipino beliefs and culture. The majority of Morga’s explanations in
his work are based on personal beliefs; much of what he says about Filipinos is
contradicted by Rizal’s annotation. Morga wrote about how crocodiles are worshiped as
an example of what he observed about the Filipinos’ belief in the Anitos. Morga also went
over the characteristics, lives, and cultures of the people in Luzon and Visayas, as well
as some parts of Mindanao, one by one. He kept track of women’s and men’s clothing,
hobbies, food, weapons, writing style, social status, marriage, adoption, adultery,
inheritance, trade, and law, among other things.
The context of a culture or event, or the correction of a foreign point of view, is the
content of Rizal’s annotation in the table above. Some of these include Filipinos’ daily
bathing; because the Philippines is a tropical country, Filipinos frequently clean their
bodies, particularly in rivers, and Rizal claims that this is normal. Another claim made by
Morga is that Filipinos eat rotten food, which Rizal refutes by stating that the food is not
rotten but preserved, such as buro and bagoong.
Name: Abela, Angela C.
Year, Course and Section: BSA 1-11
Instructor: Elisor C. Guieb, Jr.
Unit 5
Lesson 10: Noli me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo
ASSESSMENT
Instruction: Complete the table below by identifying what major character in Noli me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo symbolize in relation to colonial Philippine society.
CHARACTER
SYMBOLISM
Crisostomo
Crisostomo Ibarra embodied Jose Rizal’s vision for the youth of the
Ibarra
Philippines during his lifetime. Others believe Ibarra is a reflection
of Rizal himself. He represents the privileged youth’s idealism.
Elias
Elias represents the average Filipino who is not only aware of the
injustices perpetrated against his countrymen, but also wants to
free them from their oppressors. He is said to be Andres’
personification.
Basilio
He defended those who had been wrongfully accused of crimes
they had not committed. The oppression they endured at the hands
of colonizers. He also represents those who were impoverished and
ignorant at the time.
Sisa
Sisa is thought to have represented the motherland, which was
grieving over the loss of her children, just as her character was
grieving. The tragic events that ruined her life were symbolic of the
colonizers’ abuse of the motherland.
Padre Damaso
He is a comment on Spanish control of the Philippines and
represents the Spanish friars of Rizal’s time.
Name: Abela, Angela C.
Year, Course and Section: BSA 1-11
Instructor: Elisor C. Guieb, Jr.
Unit 5
Lesson 10: The Indolence of the
Filipinos (SOBRE LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS FILIPINOS)
ASSESSMENT
Instruction: Venn Diagram: Looking back at the points made by Rizal on the article Sobre
La Indolencia de los Filipinos¸ compare and contrast (A) the Shortcomings of the
government and (B) the Cultural problems among Filipinos between Rizal’s time and our
current time. Use the summary of the article to extract Rizal’s points and use your own
observations to enumerate our current conditions.
Copy the diagrams in a clean sheet of paper (allot one page per diagram) and present
your answers in bulleted forms.
•Some rich people still
have a lot of privilege
from rules implemented.
• There are still an
abuse of power from
different government
officials.
• Forced labors were
still an issue.
• A lot of corruption issues from
different government agencies.
• The Government kept on having
a massive amounts of debts.
• The government gave a lot of
bluffs about serious issues in the
country.
• Activists were treated as
terrorists.
Current Time
Government’s Shortcomings
Rizal’s Time
• The Filipinos were ruthlessly
exploited by the corrupt Spanish
colonial officials, who blamed their
underdevelopment on their
assumed indolence.
• Colonial Policies were
oppressive.
• The Filipinos’ backwardness was
attributed to their laziness.
• Spaniards colonizers asked for
extremely high taxes.
• Outspoken and Liberated
• Huge support for foreign cultures
more than ours.
• People vote into power those
who are just popular in terms of
appearances and
accomplishments that are vastly
different from the required
abilities.
Current Time
Cultural Problems among the Filipinos
• Eurocentrism
• Biased for the western media
and culture.
Rizal’s Time
• What was being taught in
schools were repetitious prayers
and other things that the pupils
could not use to lead the country
forward.
• The naïve Filipinos were
persuaded by the friars that it was
easier for a poor man to enter
paradise, so they opted not to
work and stay poor.
• Introduction of gambling as a
technique of achieving a speedier
social status change.
Name: Abela, Angela C.
Year, Course and Section: BSA 1-11
Instructor: Elisor C. Guieb, Jr.
Unit 5
Lesson 11: PHILIPPINES A CENTURY
HENCE (Filipinas dentro de cienaños)
ASSESSMENT
1. Examine Rizal’s predictions in the entire summary and pick at least three.
2. Provide your insights as to why these predictions HAPPENED or DID NOT
HAPPEN at all and expound your answers.
3. Each answer to each prediction must be at least a paragraph long.
4. Pick another 2 predictions that you wish HAVE HAPPENED and explain why.
(1). The Filipinos will become independent as it cannot stay in an abusive relationship with
Spain.
It did happen as a result of the butterfly effect, which was enabled by the Filipinos' desire
for liberty. It was also motivated by their desire to be autonomous and run their own
country. In line with it, the main reason it occurred was due to the US's strong desire for
the Philippines. However, it was regarded as a noble method because its guise was to
liberate the Philippines from the clutches of the Spaniards. As we can see in our current
situation, Philippines did became free from the Spaniards. A series of events lead to the
Filipino’s desire for freedom.
(2). The Filipinos will be still under Spain but with conditions far better than what they had
in the past.
This prediction made by Rizal is just of those predictions that didn’t happen. I was simply
thinking, what if it happened and the Philippines were one of Spain's provinces? Will our
circumstances today be the same? As a result, I came to the conclusion that the
preservation of our culture may be achievable if the conditions are met. Furthermore, the
idea of having an inferiority complex may not be widespread among Filipinos because,
according to Rizal's prophesy, the conditions will be far better than what they had
previously.
(3). Japan might crush the Philippines but it shall find Korea more attractive due to
proximity and must also keep an eye on Russia on its north.
This prediction of Rizal did happened. Aside from the fact that Korea is more attractive
due to its proximity, it also possess a good source of iron and coal. As a result, they are
becoming an industrialized country, which necessitates the requirement for the
aforementioned resources.
In addition, Rizal's forecast regarding Japan maintaining a close eye on Korea's north was
proven correct. The northern part of Korea formed an alliance with the Russians, resulting
in their separation into two countries. As a result, the reason could be due to a disparity
in principles, strategy, and avarice on the seat of power.
Pick another 2 predictions that you wish HAVE HAPPENED and explain why.
(1). England will not give up India for a poor possession like the Philippines but will
become its active partner in commerce once the latter opens up its ports.
I was wondering if what would happen to India if Europe gave its possession of it for the
Philippines. I have learned a lot of discriminations, killings and violence that happened to
that country for being colonized by the Europeans. We all know that in those times,
European think of themselves as the superior one and the Asian people are the inferior
ones. Will the Philippines be a better country compared to the time when it is being
colonized by the Spaniards? On the other hand, I also think that if England and Philippines
became active partners when it comes to commerce, it may be a huge help for our country
knowing that they are rich in coals. Because it will aid in the production of manufactured
goods. They also manufacture aircraft and vehicles that would help our country if we had
them from the start.
(2). The Filipinos will be still under Spain but with conditions far better than what they had
in the past.
Under the colony of Spain, our country suffered a lot and many people died. For all the
years that we are under their government, a lot of people were abused, killed and were
deprived of what they really deserved. On the other hand, many Filipino heroes were also
born and we knew a lot of them nowadays. As far as I can recall, most of the things that
the Spaid did to out country were bad. I was wondering what if they did better for the next
century. What if they got a change of heart and mind and they treat the people of our
country better.
Name: Abela, Angela C.
Instructor: Elisor C. Guieb, Jr.
Year, Course and Section: BSA 1-11
Unit 5
Lesson 12: Liham sa Mga
Kababaihan ng Malolos
ASSESSMENT
Gumawa ng matrix na may paghahambing ng papel ng kababaihan sa lipunan sa
konteksto ng panahong kolonyal at sa kontemporaryong panahon. Ipakita ang
magkakatulad at magkakaibang identidad ng mga kababaihan, kalakip ang kanilang mga
naging tungkulin.
Papel repleksyon tungkol sa aktibong papel ng kababaihan sa pagtugon sa kasalukuyang
pangangailangan ng pamilya at bayan.
Papel ng Kababaihan sa Panahong
Papel ng Kababaihan sa Panahong
Kolonyal
Kontemporaryo
Limitado lamang ang karapatang taglay ng Ang
kababaihan
kababaihan sa panahon ng mga Espanyol. nagkaroon
na
sa
ng
kasalukuyan
halos
pantay
ay
na
Ito ay dahil sa sistemang legal na dinala ng karapatan sa mga kalalakihan.
mga Espanyol kung saan ay itinuturing na
mas
mababa
ang
mga
kababaihan
kumpara sa mga kalalakihan.
Madalas ay naiiwan lamang sa kanilang Nagkaroon
na
tahanan ang mga kababaihan upang magdesisyon
gumawa ng mga gawaing-bahay.
sila
na
ng
pumili
kalayaang
ng
kanilang
gampanin.
Bihira lamang ang mga kababaihan na Nagkaroon na ng parehong karapatan ang
nagkaroon ng pagkakataon na makapag- mga
aral o magkaroon ng edukasyon.
kababaihan
at
kalalakihan
na
makapag-aral.
Ang mga kababaihan ay itunuring na Sa kasalukuyang panahon ay may mga
tagasunod lamang sa kanilang asawa at kababaihan na
tagapaglingkod sa parokya.
nagawang mamuno ng
organisasyon kung saan ay kinabibilangan
rin ng mga kalalakihan.
Hindi sila pinahihintulutan na makilahok o Nakakalahok na ang mga kababaihan sa
makibahagi sa politika at lipunan.
usaping politikal at panlipunan.
Sa parehong panahon, ang mga kababaihan ay patuloy na tinuturuan ng mabutingasal, mga gawaing-bahay tulad ng paglilinis,at pagluluto.
Ang mga kababaihan ay nakaranasa ng iba’t ibang anyo ng pang-aabuso.
May mga kababaihang nagkaroon ng lakas ng loob na makilahok sa mga pakikibaka.
Sa kasalukuyang panahon, ang mga kababaihan ay mayroon ng aktibong partisipasyon
sa pagtugon sa pangangailangan ng kanilang pamilya at maging ng lipunan. Sa mga
nakaraang panahon, ilang diskriminasyon at pangmamaliit ang naranasan ng mga
kababaihan. Karamihan ay hindi nagkaroon ng pagkakataon na makapag-aral o
makalahok sa mga usaping political. Ngunit sa paglipas ng mga taon ay marami na ang
nagbago.
Ang mga kababaihan sa panahon ngayon ay hindi na lamang nagbabantay sa kanilang
mga anak o gumagawa ng mga gawaing-bahay. Ilan sa kanila ay nagagawa na ring
maghanap-buhay para sa kanilang mga pamilya. Mayroon ding mga kababaihan na
nagagawang magtrabaho at mag-alaga pa rin sa kanilang mga anak. Sa usaping politika
naman ay nagagawa na ring makilahok ng mga kababaihan. Sa katunayan, ilang
kababaihan na rin ang nagawang makaupo sa gobyerno, may iilang naging president ng
bansa at mayroon ding naging bise-presidente. Iilang aktibidad na rin at mga
organisasyon sa lipunan ang nagawang pamahalaan ng mga kababaihan. Ilan sa mga
ito ay nagsisilbing tagapagtanggol sa mga karapatan ng mga kababaihan.
Name: Abela, Angela C.
Year, Course and Section: BSA 1-11
Instructor: Elisor C. Guieb, Jr.
Unit 5
Final Assessment
Instruction: Discuss the following items thoroughly. Write the question before each
answer. Each answer should contain at least three (3) paragraphs of not less than four
(4) sentences each. You may write your answers in Filipino. Do not forget to write your
full name in the upper left corner of the paper and your course, year and section below it
while the name of your professors should be indicated in the upper right.
1. Explain the relationship between Rizal’s writings, Noli me Tangere, El
Filibusterismo, annotation of Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas and Filipinas Dentro
deCinaños.
All of Rizals' works revolve on the abolition of the Western Empire and the restoration
and regaining of Philippine liberty. These four writings showcase Rizal’s love for the
country and its people. He stated a lot of things about our country before Spanish
colonization, during and his predictions. It is evident how related those works is to our
country.
Jose authored two books, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, to demonstrate how
Spain was enslaving the Filipinos. Jose founded the Philippine League in order to
establish their first reform group and gain independence from Spain. These two novels
exposed the wrongdoings of the Spanish Government. It showed how bad we are being
treated by the friars and Spanish officals.
Rizal's intention in publishing his annotated version of de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas (Events of the Philippine Islands, originally published in 1609) was not only to
provide the Filipino people with their pre-Spanish history, but also to present them with
their own authentic culture and identity. Having read most of the literature on the
Philippines, he chose the Sucesos because he "thought it important to evoke the
testimony of an illustrous Spaniard who ruled the fortunes of the Philippines at the dawn
of her new period and witnessed the final moments of our historic nationality." “The
Philippines a Century Thus” is an essay made by Philippine national hero Jose Rizal to
predict the country's destiny in a hundred years. Rizal thought it was necessary to warn
Spain that the conditions that led to the French Revolution may have a significant impact
on her in the Philippines.
Noli me Tangere depicts nonviolent reform, whereas El Filibusterismo depicts
revolutionary reform. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, annotated by Rizal Rizal believes
that the Philippines might have grown into something magnificent on its own, and in
Filipinas Dentro de Cinanos, he forecasted the Philippines' destiny in a hundred years and
predicted the disastrous end of Spanish dominion in Asia.
2. What are the major differences between Noli Me Tangere as compared to El
Filibusterismo? Elaborate your answer. How did the two novels affect the Filipino
quests for freedom?
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo are two well-known books by our national hero,
Dr. Jose Rizal, that are both similar and dissimilar in certain respects. The similarities
between the two works are largely due to their creator, Rizal. Another similarity is that they
both discuss how Spaniards oppressed Filipinos, the church's misuse of power, and
prejudice against Filipinos. Both Noli and El Fili have an anti-clerical, even anti-Catholic
tone. Because the latter is presented as a sequel or continuation, they only transmit one
tale.
These two books go further into comprehending a country's internal and exterior battles,
separated by reasons, beliefs, and moralities, by employing virtually real-life people and
frequently imposing satirical personas on the majority. These books are recognized as
two of the most important and prolific literary works produced by a Filipino, written in a
character-based framework and stressing its storyline as direct connections during the
Spanish colonial reign. "Noli Me Tangere" translates as "Do Not Touch Me" or "The Social
Cancer," whereas "El Filibusterismo" translates as "The Reign of Greed." Both works were
influenced by the writer's present living situations, perspectives, ideas, and ideologies and
were set in a politically and historically motivated fictitious Philippines during the Spanish
colonial period.
The former is more focused on movement and motion, whereas the later is more
contemplative, discursive, and dialectical. Noli depicted a soft-spoken, patient,
sympathetic, and idealistic Crisostomo Ibarra, but El Fili depicted an angry and resentful
Ibarra who disguised himself as a wealthy jeweler called Simoun. After Harriet Beecher
Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, Noli is written with the intention of exposing the faults of
Philippine society. In general, Noli is more on Rizal's reformist side, whereas El fili is more
on his revolutionary side.
These two works inspired Filipinos to fight for their freedom and speak up for their rights.
Noli exhorts the Filipino to regain his self-confidence, recognize his own value, return to
his forefathers' history, and proclaim himself as the equal of the Spaniards. El Fili, on the
other hand, intended to enlighten society by bringing Filipinos closer to the truth, opening
their eyes to reality, and rebelling against the Spaniard government for its oppression and
cruelty. In general, it is the novel that inspired Filipinos to fight for their freedom and defend
their rights.
References:
Canonigo, J. (2015, August 31). Jose Rizal's Future Forecast of a Philippines in 1990
(1890).
Retrieved
from
https://futurelapse.blogspot.com/2015/08/jose-rizals-
future-forecast-of.html
Cayabyab, M. J. (2020, January 23). Rizal And Valenzuela’s 1896 Meeting Immortalized
In Park. Retrieved from https://www.onenews.ph/articles/rizal-and-valenzuela-s1896-meeting-immortalized-in-park
Chua, M. (2018, April 28). Noli Me Tangere is also about our faults. Retrieved from
https://www.manilatimes.net/2018/04/28/opinion/analysis/noli-me-tangere-is-alsoabout-our-faults/395476
Hall, J. Q. (1999, September 01). "THE FIRST PHILIPPINE HISTORY BOOK". Retrieved
from https://www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/rizal/hall03.htm
III,
D.
P.
(2012,
September
18).
Rizal
the
Futurist.
Retrieved
from
https://nhcp.gov.ph/rizal-the-futurist/
III, P. S. (2016, December 29). Rizal’s felicitous vision of our future as a nation. Retrieved
from Business Mirror: https://businessmirror.com.ph/2016/12/29/rizals-felicitousvision-of-our-future-as-a-nation/
Library. (n.d.). Politics and Reform in the Later Nineteenth Century. Retrieved from
https://www.loc.gov/collections/puerto-rico-books-and-pamphlets/articles-andessays/nineteenth-century-puerto-rico/politics-and-reform/#
Ocampo, A. (2019, March 15). The indolence of the Filipino. Retrieved from Inquirer.net:
https://opinion.inquirer.net/120136/the-indolence-of-the-filipino
Owlcation. (2018, April 10). Synopsis of Jose Rizal's Novel, "El Filibusterismo". Retrieved
from
https://owlcation.com/humanities/Life-and-Works-of-Rizal-Synopsis-of-El-
Filibusterismo
Paciente, D. R. (2021, July 28). Dr. Jose Rizal's "The Social Cancer" and "Reign of
Greed". Retrieved from https://owlcation.com/humanities/noli-me-tangere-and-elfilibusterismo
Pau,
J.
(2011,
January
21).
Jose
Rizal
the
Inspiration.
Retrieved
from
https://myhero.com/J_Rizal2_dnhs_US_2011_ul
PhdEssay. (2020, April 14). Dr. Jose Rizal’s My Last Farewell: Last Notes Before His
Execution. Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/dr-jose-rizals-my-last-farewelllast-notes-before-his-execution/
SCLMRose. (2019, December 29). Mi Ultimo Adios by Jose Rizal, the Philippine National
Hero. Retrieved from https://subliblog.com/2019/12/29/mi-ultimo-adios-by-joserizal-the-philippine-national-hero/
Timberman, D. G. (2019, January 10). Philippine Politics Under Duterte: A Midterm
Assessment.
Retrieved
from
https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/01/10/philippine-politics-under-dutertemidterm-assessment-pub-78091
Torres, J. V. (2019, May 24). Annotating Colonial Histories: José Rizal and The
Rethinking of Filipino Identity in 19th Century England. Retrieved from
https://www.soas.ac.uk/philippine-studies/events/24may2019-annotatingcolonial-histories-jos-rizal-and-the-rethinking-of-filipino-identity-in-19th-ce.html
WBEZChicago. (2011, May 11). The Rizal Dream: The Past, Present, and Future.
Retrieved
from
https://www.wbez.org/stories/the-rizal-dream-the-past-present-
and-future/abe7179c-4c67-4ddb-89bf-827e6a8d3361