The Endocrine System Lab
1) Label each of the endocrine organs listed below and be able to locate the on appropriate models.
Adrenal Gland
Hypothalamus
Ovary
Pancreas
Parathyroid Glands
Pineal Gland
Pituitary Gland
Testes
Thymus
Thyroid Gland
Pituitary Gland
Hypothalamus
Thyroid
Pineal Gland
Thymus
Parathyroid
Adrenal Gland
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
2) Complete the table below.
Gland
Hormones Produced
Main Function of each Hormone
1
Adrenal gland
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Corticosterone
Cortisone
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Increase blood
Na+ levels &
increase blood glucose
levels
Stimulate fight-or-flight
response
Missing from the cortical
section gonadocorticoids
Antidiuretic
hormone &
oxytocin
Increases how much
water is absorbed into
the blood by the kidneys,
release of a mother's
breast milk, moderating
body temp, & regulating
sleep cycles.
Estrogens &
progesterone
Stimulate development
of female secondary
sex characteristics &
prepare the body for
childbirth.
Insulin
&
glucagon
Reduces blood
glucose levels &
increases blood
glucose levels
Hypothalamus
Ovary
Pancreas
Parathyroid glands
Pineal gland
Parathyroid
hormone (PTH)
Melatonin
Increase blood
Ca2+ levels
Regulates sleep
cycle
2
Pituitary Gland
Growth
hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Thyroid stimulating
Hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone
(LH)
Antidiuretic hormone
(ADH)
Oxytocin
Testosterone
Stimulate
development of male
secondary sex
characteristics &
sperm production
Thyroxine
(T4)
Triiodothyro
nine(T3)
Calcitonin
Stimulate basal metabolic
rate, reduces blood Ca2+
levels
Testes
Thyroid Gland
 Promotes growth of
body tissues
 Promotes Milk
production
 Stimulates thyroid
hormone release
 Stimulates hormone
release by adrenal cortex
 Stimulates gamete
production
 Stimulates androgen
production by gonads
 Stimulates water
reabsorption by kidneys
 Stimulates uterine
contractions during
childbirth.
3
3) Endocrine histology. Review the histology micrograph of different endocrine glands provided, and be
able to identify the glands on the lab quiz &practical.
Adrenal
Gland
(includin
g the
medulla,
zona
reticular
is,
fascicula
ta,
glomerul
osa)
Hypotha
lamus
4
Pancrea
s
(includin
g the
Islets of
Langerh
ans)
5
Pituitary
Gland
(anterior
and
posterio
r)
6
Anterior Pituitary
Poterioir pituitatry
7
8
Parathyr
oid
Gland
(be able
to
different
iate
from
thyroid)
9
Thyroid
Gland
(includin
g follicle,
follicular
cells
“princip
al”,
colloid,
parafolli
cular
cells “C
cells”)
4) Answer the following questions.
1. Gland in the brain that is the control center for all regulatory activities of the body:
Hypothalamus
2. Condition in which levels of thyroid hormones in the blood are very low:
Hypothyroidism
3. Hormone that helps regulate when you sleep at night and when you wake up in the morning:
Melatonin
4. Gland in the brain that makes hormones that control several other endocrine glands:
Pituitary Gland
5. Two hormones that reproductive glands produce for females:
Estrogen and Progesterone
10
6. Two hormones produced by the pancreas that help regulate blood glucose:
Insulin and glucagon
7. Gland which produces hormones that control the rate at which cells produce energy:
Thyroid
8. Four tiny glands that function together to regulates calcium levels:
Parathyroid glands
9. Adrenal cortex produces this group of hormones:
Androgens, Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids
10. The outer part of the Adrenal gland:
Adrenal Cortex
11. Main hormone that reproductive glands produce for males:
Testosterone
12. Gland that produces melatonin:
Pineal Gland
13. Causes milk let-down in nursing mothers and contractions during childbirth:
Oxytocin
14. Gland that increases blood pressure and heart rate when the body experiences stress:
Adrenal Gland
15. Two hormones that help regulate calcium homeostasis (one to elevate blood calcium and one to lower
blood calcium): Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
16. Adrenal glands are located above this major organ:
Kidneys
17. Disease caused by a failure of the body to produce insulin:
Diabetes Mellitus
11
18. Produced in the adrenal cortex, keeps blood glucose levels stable:
Glucocorticoid: cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone
12
5) Fill out the chart.
CHARACTERISTIC
Age at onset
Onset of symptoms
TYPE I DIABETES
MELLITUS
Early age or adult
TYPE II DIABETES
MELLITUS
Adult, 45-64
Fast
Slow
10-15%
85-90%
Natural insulin levels at
disease onset
Below normal
Above normal
Beta cells of pancreatic
islets
Damaged/destroyed
Not destroyed/present
Percentage of diabetics
Risk factors for disease
Heredity
Typical treatments
Insulin- subcutaneous
Untreated blood glucose
Hyperglycemia
Overweight
46 yrs old + older
Family history
Diet, exercise, oral medications
Hyperglycemia
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