Tornado
A tornado is a very fast spinning tube of air in a storm connected to the ground
by means of a funnel of clouds. If that happens, the tornado will devastate the
earth, posing a threat to life and buildings. A tornado starts with a
thunderstorm but is not the norm. This storm is very strong, high, usually
called Supercell. It can reach 15 km in height, bringing very strong winds, giant
hail, floods and lightning. This is a type of storm that gives birth to a tornado,
but if there are certain conditions that accompany it. The rising air is one of the
ingredients for creating tornadoes. Any storm is formed when condensation
occurs, a byproduct of clouds. Condensation releases heat, and heat becomes
energy that moves air upward. The greater the condensation, the bigger the
storm cloud is formed, the stronger the upward movement of the wind will be.
Inside Supercell, this rising air was extremely powerful. When it rises, the air
can change direction and start moving very fast. Finally, at the bottom of the
storm, if there is a lot of moisture, the bottom of the giant cloud will float
around, becoming the material that the tornado will eat later if it manages to
form. If this happened, a vortex would form surrounded by a storm and create
a high, wide, rotating tube of air that was pulled upwards. We call this a
Mesocyclone. Outside, cold, dry, shrinking air begins to wrap around the back
of this Mesocyclone, forming what's called a Rear Flank Downdraft (RFD). This
unique scenario would result in a temperature difference that increased the
instability that would allow a tornado to occur. Then, the bottom of the
Mesocyclone will become tighter, increasing the wind speed. If, and only if, this
funnel of air moves down to the base of the large, humid cloud at the bottom
of the storm, the funnel will be sucked in and turn into a rotating cloud wall,
forming a connection between the storm and the earth. Once the rotating
cloud tube hits the ground, a tornado will form. Often it is only small and does
not last long with wind speeds of 100-150 km / hour, but there are also those
that last up to 1 hour, with wind speeds of 300 km / hour. Tornadoes are
beautiful but scary, especially if you or your city is on its way. But like anything
else, the tornado is coming to an end. If the temperature difference disappears
and conditions become more stable, or the humidity decreases, a terrible
storm will also lose momentum and pull the tornado in.