MONTESSORI DE SAN ILDEFONSO, INC.
Quijano St., San Juan, San Ildefonso, Bulacan
Contact No. 0931-044-2955
Email Add: mdsi.2002@gmail.com
School ID No. 400920
Gov’t Recognition Nos. Preschool E. 103, s.2002; Grade School E. 091, s.2003 ; JHS. S.003, s. 2004; SHSP 810, s. 2016
LEARNING KIT
I. TITLE
 Subject: Understanding, Culture, Society and Politics
 Time Frame: 2 Days (Week 1 / Quarter 1)
 Topic: Human Variation
 Grade Level: 12 (STEM, ABM, HUMSS)
II. OVERVIEW
Environment and history are two of the primary factors that shape the behavior of human
groups. This behavior, which serves as an adaptive tool for the varied stimuli projected by the
environment, is influenced by beliefs, practices, and material possessions. This lesson provides
cultural, social, and political concepts that exist in the realm of ideas and thoughts. As such, they
cannot be seen or touched and yet they influence the way we see and experience our individual and
collective lives as social beings.
Through constant practice, these sets of behavior form human traditions, which are passed on
from one generation to the other. You will learn through this that human identities are constructed by
their affiliation and their negotiation with established structures and system in society. This is
equipped with various activities that will help you to further understand the lesson.
III OBJECTIVE:
Learning Competency
 Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of anthropology, sociology and political science

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
 Articulate observation on human cultural variation, social differences, social change, and
political identities. UCSP11/12SPUIa-1
 Demonstrate curiosity and an openness to explore the origins and dynamics of culture, society,
and political identity.
 Value cultural relativism and ethnocentrism.
IVCONTENT
A. Let’s Get Involved.
There are some questions that you could ask to see the differences among humans.
An example question among it is: What makes us Different?
Korean Dramas, or K-Dramas, became popular forms of entertainment in our country as early as 2007,
Compare a K-Drama series to a Filipino drama series that you have followed in terms of the following:
1. Role of men and women in the show__________________________________________________
2. Types of clothing that they wore _____________________________________________________
3. Kinds of environment that provide as the setting of the series
After your comparisons, summarize in two paragraphs the similarities and differences of the two TV
series.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________.
B. Let’s Explore.
Critical Thinker!
Kuha’rili (a.k.a Selfie)
(Clipped Version of “Kuhasasarili” [roughly equivalent
to “self-taken photo”] by A. Contreras [2015])
A selfie is a self-photograph, usually taken with
camera a phone held in the hand or supported by a selfie
stick. Selfies are often intended to be shared on social
networking sites such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.
They are usually taken to capture the ongoing mood and unique backgrounds. They are flattering, made to
appear casual, and impromptu.
In the photo above, offer a critical insight on how selfie can be read as an image of the social media. Do
so by listing down 15 words that best describe the several kuha’rili taken simultaneously by this group of
women with the Pope as background. At the end, try to connect these words and compose a 15-sentence
paragraph revolving around a central insight about the attributes of selfie (or selfieying) as a cultural artifact.
The central insight must be captured by a caption that you will provide the photo. (DS Erasga [2016] argued in
an article on the same issue that “selfieying as a behavioral or more as an idiosyncratic trait” is more
sociologically important to explore rather than the selfies itself due to the fact that the practice is becoming a
universal culture.)
C. Let’s Clarify Things.
Nationality and Ethnicity
The concepts of nationality and ethnicity are not interchangeable. Both, however, are capable of
informing an individual’s behavior and habits due to a set of cultural norms that each category provides.
 Nationality is the identity that is tied to being part of a nation or country – a “group of people who share
the same history, traditions, and language” and who inhabits a particular territory delineated by a political
border and administered by a government. It can be acquired by being born in a country or through legal
processes such as naturalization on citizenship.
 Ethnicity is the expression of the set of cultural ideas held by a distinct ethnic or indigenous group.
 Ethnic Groups it is within a nation are smaller cultural groups that share specific social environments,
traditions, and histories that may not be necessarily subscribed to by mainstream society.
o Apart from varying cultural backgrounds and ethnicity, human populations also experience
social differences, which include categories on gender, socioeconomic class (social class and
economic status), political identity, and religious beliefs.
 Gender “refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society
considers appropriates for men and women.” World Health Organization, (2013).
 Sex refers to the biological characteristics of humans such as male or female.
o There are several types of gender based on a person’s sexual orientation. Depending on the
community, these gender identities can be further subdivided into more specific categories such
as;
 Heterosexual the most common which a person with this gender is inclined to be sexually attracted to a
person of the opposite sex.
 Homosexual refers to a person who is sexually attracted to a person of the same sex.
 Gay a male who is romantically and sexually attracted to another male.
 Lesbian a female who is romantically and sexually attracted to another female.
 Bisexual an individual who are attracted to both sexes.
 Transgender a person whose gender identities do not match their biological identity as male or female.
These individuals believe that the discord between their internal gender and the gender role that they
have to perform can be addressed through medical sexual reassignment.
 SOGIE (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and gender Expression) it enables for a wider and more
fluid discussion of human identity specifically LGBTQI discussion.
 Sexual Orientation refers to person’s biological identity, which may be male, or female, or intersex.
 Gender Identity is an individual’s internal concept of self that may be related to being masculine,
feminine, neither, or both, without strict relation to the physical characteristics that the person has. So a
person could be physically male but have a female gender identity.

Gender Expression it is how an individual chooses to present himself or herself in society. This can be
observed in the choices on pronouns that they use to refer to themselves, the clothes that they wear, and
the general behavior they display to signify their gender identity.
 Socioeconomic Class
The concept of socioeconomic class varies between societies as the ideas associated with being poor or
rich differ based on the collective experiences of individuals.
Socioeconomic Class it refers to the category of persons who have more or less the same socioeconomic
privileges in a society. These privileges are due to inherited wealth and ‘or the occupational status of the
breadwinner in the household. (Panopio, etc.:327).
The types of social class/ status operate in varying forces and combinations at different times within a
society or in diverse societies.
The typical determinants of one’s social status include income, value of assets and amount of savings,
cultural interest and hobbies, and economic status of his or her peers and relatives.
 Political Identity
o Politics refers to the “theory, art, and practice of government.”
o Political Institution it is relatively stable cluster of statuses, general norms, and role behavior,
which are involved in the acquisition and exercise of power and decision-making in society.
o Political Identity as a social category refers to the set of attitudes and practices that an
individual adheres to in relation to the political systems and actors within his or her society.
 Religion is an organized system of ideas about spiritual sphere or the supernatural, along with associated
ceremonial or ritualistic practices by which people try to interpret and/or influence aspects of the
universe otherwise beyond human control.
Monotheistic believes in the existence of one God.
Polytheistic believing in the existence of multiple Gods
Remember:
 Religion is a mirror of the society that affiliates with it, such that society with a strong caste system.
Exceptionality/ Non-exceptionality
Exceptionality leans on the non-average capacity of an individual. This could be understood in a spectrum of
capabilities, wherein you have the geniuses in one extreme and you have the disabled and challenged in the
other extreme.
Remember:
 Some individuals do not conform to behavioral or cognitive norms, not because they intend to deviate,
but because they are exceptional.
 Human variation is predicted by the plurality of cultural and environmental conditions.
Cultural Variation
The variation in human conditions promotes diversity and plurality in cultural traditions. This could lead
to discrimination and ostracism.
Ethnocentrism
 Is a perspective that promotes an individual’s culture as the most efficient and superior; hence, the
individual who exhibits ethnocentrism feels that his or her culture is the most appropriate as compared
with other cultures.
When faced with a plurality of culture, you may adapt the conceptual tool of;
Cultural relativism which promotes the perspective that cultures must be understood in the context of their
locality. Using this perspective makes you tolerant of the differing attitudes and practices of others –
characteristics that is essential to a highly globalized world that we live in today.
 Traditions, social norms, and political identities are not static because they are often affected by the
environment.
Race was used as a form of human classification that was based on observable human traits and characteristics.
 These categories merely reflect the differences in skin color, size of skull, height, body frame, and other
physical characteristics.
The question that everyone must answer in relation to racial variation is this; Are humans really different from
one another, or are or differences just skin-deep?
D. Let’s Reinforce Learning
I. Choose the answer from the following terms/concepts below. Write the Letter of the correct Answer.
A. Socioeconomic class
B. Gender
C. Ethnicity
D. Political institution
E. Homosexual
F. Heterosexual
__________1. It is the expression of the set of cultural ideas held by a distinct ethnic or indigenous group.
__________2. This refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given
society considers appropriates for men and women.
__________3. This refers to a person who is sexually attracted to a person of the same sex.
__________4. It refers to the category of persons who have more or less the same socioeconomic privileges in a
society.
__________5. It is relatively stable cluster of statuses, general norms, and role behavior, which are involved in
the acquisition and exercise of power and decision-making in society.
II. True or False. Write T if the statement is True and F if it is False.
__________1. Social Change may be a product of of technological change.
__________2. Values may change over time but they can be durables and withstand forces that can cause them
to change.
__________3. Asexual is a person whose gender identities do not match their biological identity as male or
female.
__________4. Religion may be manifest in a belief that one’s set of morals is better than those of others, such
that one’s religion is accepted as a truer form of belief system.
__________5. SOGIE enables us for a wider and more fluid discussion of human identity.
E. Let’s Evaluate.
In the United States, social inequality remains a pervading issue that transcends various segments of American
society. This link will lead you to an article that discusses the factors and contexts that inform the growing
inequality in the US: http://money.cnn.com/2016/12/22/news/economy/us-inequality-worse /
After reading the article, create a poster that will inform the reader on social inequality points for
activism, and vulnerable groups. Explain your work in a 2 – 3 minutes video. Your poster and video
presentation will be graded based on the rubric below.
CRITERIA
Organization
Content
Presentation
RUBRIC FOR POSTER PRESENTATION
DESCRIPTION
POINTS
The concept was clearly and
10
creatively conveyed.
Important concepts were
15
highlighted and explained.
The idea was clearly presented
20
based on the poster
illustration.
Total: 45
POINTS OBTAINED
V. References
Book
Contreras, PhD., A P., Dela Cruz, PhD., A.R. D., Esgara, PhD., D. S., & Fadrigon, PhD Cand., C. C.,( 2016).
Phoenix: The Padayon Series: Understanding Culture, Society, & Politics. 927 Quezon Ave., Quezon City: Phoenix
Publishing house, Inc.
Alejandria-Gonzales M.C. P., (2019). Understanding Culture, Society, & Politics. Legaspi Village, 1229 Makati, City,
Philippines: Diwa Learning Systems Inc.
Online
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abscbn.com%2Fnews%2F11%2F17%2F18%2Fpnpwithd
rawssupportforangprobinsyano&psig=AOvVaw0Tgg2YUSD5IyUTg0BpjTf9&ust=1629247587870000&source=images
&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCPjD767qtvICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAI
Pope Francis Selfie - Diocese of Westminster Youth Ministry (dowym.com)