THE MUGHAL EMPIRE DONE BY M.KOUSHIL CLASS 7TH JAS WHO WERE THE MUGHALS ? The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers . From their mothers side they were descendants of Genghis khan ( died 1227 ) . The mongol ruler who ruled over the parts of the china and the central Asia . From their fathers side they were the sucessors of timur ( died 1404 ) , the ruler of iran , and modern day turkey . The first emperor of Mughal empire babur the first Mughal emperor , he succeeded to the throne of ferghana in 1949 when he was only 12 years old . He was forced to leave his acesrtal throne due to the invasion of another mongol group . The uzbegs . After years of wandering he seized Kabul in 1504 . In 1526 he defeated the sultan of delhi , Ibrahim lodi at panipat and captured delhi and agra . In this picture there is a weopon we usually call it as fire arms . It have been used by babur to figth in the war . Image Gun powder technology was brought to india for warfare in 14th century . Fire arms were used for the first time in regions such as Gujarat , malwa and deccan , and was used by babur in early 16th century . There are 6 Mughals emperors who ruled the Mughal empire . We have already learnt that babur was the first emperor . He started ruling in the age of 12 years means exactly to our age . He ruled 4 years . 1526 he defeated the Ibrahim lodi the delhi sultan and also afgan supporters at panipat . 1527 he defeated rana sanga at kanauj . 1528 defeated the rajputs at chanderi . Established control over agra and delhi before his death . THE MUGHALS Humayun Humayun divided his inheritance according to the will of his father His brother were each given province . His rule was from 1530 – 1540 , 1555 – 1556 . sher khan defeated Humayun at Chausa (1539) and KanauJ (1540), forcing him to flee to Iran. In iran humayun received the help of safvid shah . He recaptured delhi at that time . Total humayun ruled was 11 years . THE GREAT AKBAR Akbar was 13 years old when he became emperor. The akbar was ruled more years . 49 years he have been ruled as an emperor for the Mughal empire Akbar ruled period was from 1556 to 1605 . His reign divided by 3 periods : 1 . 1556-1570 2 . 1570-1585 3 . 1585-1605 Akbar was started the military campaigns . JAHANGIR military capaigns started by akbar and it was continued by Jahangir and others . The Sisodiya ruler of Mewar, Amar Singh, accepted the Mughal service . Jahangir started his rule from 1605 to 1627 . Jahangir ruled the Mughal empire as emperor for 22 years . SHAH JAHAN Mughal campaigns continued in the Deccan under Shah Jahan. The Afghan noble Khan Jahan Lodi rebelled and was defeated. Campaigns were launched against Ahmadnagar . His rule started from 1627 to 1658 as the emperor of Mughal empire . He ruled 31 years . AURANGAZEB AURANGAZEB RULE STARTED FROM 1658 – 1707 HE RULED 49 YEARS AS AKBAR RULED . IN HIS RULE THE MASABDARS WERE BECAME MORE . TO REMEMBER THE NAMES OF EMPERORS OF MUGHAL EMPIRE ARE BHAJSA – eagle B – BABUR H – HUMAYUN A – AKBAR J – JAHANGIR S – SHAH JAHAN A – AURANGAZEB THE MUGHALS TRADITIONS OF SUCESSION The Mughals did not believe in the rule of primogeniture, where the eldest son inherited his father’s estate. Instead they followed the Mughal and Timurid custom of coparcenary inheritance, or a division of the inheritance amongst all the sons. WHO WERE MASABDARS Those who joined Mughal service were enrolled as mansabdars. The term mansabdar refers to an individual who holds a mansab, meaning a position or rank. It was a grading system used by the Mughals to fix (1) rank, (2) salary and (3) military responsibilities . Rank and salary were determined by a numerical value called zat. The higher the zat, the more prestigious was the noble’s position in court and the larger his salary. WHO WERE JAGIRDARS ? Mansabdars received their salaries as revenue assignments called jagirs which were somewhat like iqtas. But unlike muqtis, most mansabdars did not actually reside in or administer their jagirs. And known as jagirdars . ZABT AND ZAMINDARS peasants paid taxes through the rural elites, that is, the headman or the local chieftain. The Mughals used one term – zamindars Akbar’s revenue minister, Todar Mal, carried out a careful survey of crop yields, prices and areas cultivated for a 10-year period, 15701580. On the basis of this data, tax was fixed on each crop in cash. Each province was divided into revenue circles with its own schedule of revenue rates for individual crops. This revenue system was known as zabt. Akbar Nama and Ain-i Akbari Akbar ordered one of his close friends and courtiers, Abul Fazl, to write a history of his reign. Abul Fazl wrote a three-volume history of Akbar’s reign, titled Akbar Nama. The first volume dealt with Akbar’s ancestors and the second volume recorded the events of Akbar’s reign. The third volume is the Ain-i Akbari. It deals with Akbar’s administration, household, army, the revenues and the geography of his empire. The 2 main policies of akbar were : 1 . Religious policies 2 . Rajput policy Example : before usually people should pay taxes to visit holy places or temples . In akbars rule their was not their any one can go to holy places or temples without paying the taxes this shows the akbar giving importance to religious . Expansion of Mughal empire from 1530 to 1707 MUGHAL EMPIRE DURING 17TH CENTURY AND AFTER . • some international travelers regarded the Mughal empire as the fabled land of wealth. • During shah jahan rule documents revealed that the total 445 high ranking masabdars were there out of 8000. • These masabdars received total 16.5 percent estimated revenue of the empire as their salaries. • A huge part of their income was spent and salaries and goods by Mughal emperors . • By this expenditure , artisants and peasents were benifited as they provided goods to emperors . • However they left with small amount of investment after the revenue collection . • The poorest people earned money just to feed themselves . • On the other hand wealthier group of peasentry and artisians earned huge profits . • In the late 18th century these wealthier groups became more powerful after earning huge wealth • As the authourity of the Mughal weakended , their servents became the center of the powers in the regions . • They formed new dynasties like Hyderabad and awadh . • For a few years , they reconized Mughal emperor in delhi as their master . Conclusion : But by the 18th century , the provinces of the empire combine their independent political indentites . QUESTIONS 1 . What were the 2 main policies of akbar ? 2 . Name all the emperors of Mughal empire 3. how was Mughal empire at 17th century and after ? 4 . Gun powder technology was brought to india for warfare in _______ century . 5 . How did Mughal empire started ? 6.