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WHO ARE THEY
JJIN NEWSPAPER
EVERYTHING ABOUT
ADOLF HITLER
Submitted By: Seojin Min
A person who caused World War II, killed around 17 million people, and shot himself at the end in front of his
own failure, Adolf Hitler. Who was he? How did he get his power? What was a reason doing that?
Childhood - Family
Adolf Hitler was born on April 20th, 1889 in Braunau (a
small Austrian town near to the German Border).
Alois
Hitler's father
51 years old when Hitler was born
Short-tempered, violent, strict
Hit the young Hitler frequently
Reason: his elder son ended up in jail for theft.
Didn't want Hitler to be same
Illegitimate child of a cook named (Maria Anna)
Schickelgruber
Worked for a Jewish family
Got help from Jewish family during pregnancy by
having paternity allowance from the time of the
child's birth up to his 14th year
Hitler considered this embarrassing
Was a civil servant
considered respectable
Didn't like that Hitler wanted to be an artist
wanted Hitler to join the Civil Service
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Clara
Hitler's mother
Opposite of Alois
Very caring and loving
Frequently took Hitler's side when his father's poor
temper got the better of him
Hitler always carried a photo of his mother with him
Childhood - School Life
Friendship:
Not popular at school
Made few friends
Personality:
Lazy - rarely excelled at schoolwork
Academic:
In later years, Hitler claimed that History had been his strong subject but History was graded as
"satisfactory"
Did not get down to hard work
11 years old: lost his position in the top class of his school (His father was shocked)
13 years old: His father died and he did not have any reason to go to school
15 year old: Did bad in his exams and left school. His mother supported
In political career:
Did not want people to find out his school life
Strong punishment for revealing his school life
Dream as an artist
Tried to be an artist after leaving school
Left for Vienna to pursue his dream
18 years old: his mother died
In Vienna: got rejected from the Vienna Academy of Art
Short of money Difficult time (painted post cards)
→
↓
Hatred of the Jews
He was convinced that:
it was a Jewish professor who had rejected his art work
a Jewish doctor had been responsible for his mother's death
only Jews lived in rich homes
Hitler called these five years "five years of hardship and misery"
He thought that it was entirely the fault of Jews
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Joining Army
February, 1914: Hitler tried to join Austrian Army
Failed his medical
Poor food and sleeping rough for years
Too weak to
actually carry weapons
August, 1914: World War One was declared
crossed over the border to Germany
passed rough medical
Joined German Army
1924: Hitler- a brave regimental runner
Dangerous job
Job: Carry messages to officers behind the front line then
return to the front line with orders
Relationship in army
Fellow soldiers did not like him
Hitler frequently spoke out about the glories of trench warfare
Not a good mixer
Rarely went out with his comrades
Lack of social skills
Inability to get people to follow his ideas
Bravery
Recognised by his officers
Awarded Germany's highest award for bravery - the Iron
Cross
Day he was given the medal, "the greatest day of my life"
Won six medals for bravery
→
Mid-1930's: met with the future British Prime Minister (Sir Anthony Eden)
Eden was impressed with the knowledge of the battle lines which Hitler had
1918: Recovering from being blinded by gas attack in the hospital and WW1 ended with a failure
Cried for hours and felt anger and humiliation
When he was leaving hospital (eyesight restored), he thought "The Jews had been responsible for
Germany's defeat and the nation had been 'stabbed in the back' by Jews"
After World War One: Hitler remained in the German Army
Job: V-man
Visit as many political organisations as possible
Check out whether they were right wing, centre politics or left wing
Wanted to know who the socialists or communists were
Treaty of Versailles made him more angry
Worked within: the Education Department of the army
Lecture returning soldiers on the dangers of communism, socialism and pacifism
Talent: skills as a speaker, public oratory
Senior officers were impressed
Gas attack made his voice hypnotic (
)
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Strengthening His Power
His work in the Education Department to Country
What Hitler spoke out to the returning soldiers also hit home
the betrayal of the soldiers by politicians
the stab-in-the-back by the Jews
the disaster communism would be for Germany
the failure of democratic politics
His impact was very little
September, 1919: visited a meeting of the German Worker's Party as a V-Man
an extreme, anti-Semitic, anti-communist, right wing nationalist party led by Karl Drexler
40 members when he visited
Hitler joined this party after the visit
Became the party's propaganda officer
Early 1920: the party changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP)
Nazi
Hitler wrote out the party's beliefs "25 Point Party Programme"
Mixture of right wing nationalism, anti-capitalism, anti-socialism, anti-wealth
Used the Germans hatred of the ToV, the belief that Germany had been stabbed in the back
Turned in to many peoples' emotions at first
the party was just one of many right wing parties
Blamed 300 bankers and financiers throughout the world for dictating policy to the world
touched nerve in some Germans
Former soldiers - Free Corps joined the Nazi Party
Violence were used to break up meetings of other political parties
Violence = a way of life for the Nazis
Benefit from one great advantage in Wimar Germany
More votes than the cut-off = some seats in the Reichstag
Nazis was favoured because they could not afford expensive election campaigns
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1923: Hyperinflation
Nazis party suffered from lack of money
An opportunity too good to miss for the now PARTY
LEADER, Hitler
Hitler planned to seize the most important city in the
south-Munich and use this as a base to launch an attack
on the rest of Germany
He hoped the angered middle class would rise up in
support of him through out the nation
November 8th, 1923: Hitler and 2000 Nazis marched to Munich to take over a meeting at the Munich Beer
Hall
Hitler strode to the front of the meeting and declared that he would take charge of the country
1924-1929: was not successful, politically very weak
October, 1929: Wall Street Crash
Americans called back the money they had loaded Germany in 1924 and 1929 (the Young Plan)
Germany was not able to afford it
Germany was left effectively bankrupt again.
Unemployment radically increased
Hitler used this to make people to support him by offering everything they
needed to improve their lives.
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Aims
Create a greater Germany
Implications:
All German speaking people would brought into the
Reich
The frontiers of Germany would be extended to
cover those areas where population was
predominately German
ex) Austria and parts of Poland and
Czechoslavakia
Build up a central European empire
Implication:
Once Hitler had achieved all this, he would be a
master of a new central European empire, the
MOST POWERFUL state in Europe
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3 Aims in Foreign Policy
Destroy Treaty of Versailles
Implications
Breaking disarmament clauses by introducing
conscription and by building the army, navy and air
force
Regaining lost territory
Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
ToV
Disarmament
Army: 100,000
No air force
Minimal navy
Rhineland to be demilitarised
Diktat
No German representation at the ToV
War guilt
German was very unhappy that only they got
blamed for the war and forced to pay
reparations
Loss of German territories
Germany lost:
10% of its land
12.5% of its pop
16% of its coal industry
Nearly 50% of its iron/steel industry
All colonies
Ruled by non-Germans:
Polish corridor
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Defeat Communism
Implications of policy:
Germany would be drawn into a conflict with
Soviet Russia
Why:
Hitler was anti-communist and fascist
Communism = Equality and wealth
redistribution = international
Fascism = Survival of the fittest
Strong triumphs over the weak
Nationalism
Acquire Lebensraum or living space
Implications of policy
Hitler thought it was the entitlement of all Germans
to have 'living space'
More land for cultivation and development
Lebensraum = Expansion eastwards at the expense
of Poland and Soviet Russia
Why:
Hitler wanted the territory back (that had been lost
in the ToV)
He wanted other countries where Germans was
living to be brought back
The Polish Corridor
The Sudetenland
Many German nationals living
Wanted Lebensraum at the expense of the Eastern
Slavs, who would become slaves
racist
He wanted lost territory and new lands