Name
Clasé
Date
Keegan Burton
Section 3—2 Energy Flow
(pages 67-73)
Key Concepts
Where does the energy for life prdcesses come from?
•
How does energy flow through living systems?
How efficient is the transferi of energy among organisms in an ecosystem?
•
•
Producers
1.
(pages 67-68)
What is at the core of every organism's interaction with the environment?
Need for energy to power life process
2.
What source of energy do organisms use if they don't use the sun's energy?
Energy stored in inorganic chemical compounds
3.
What are autotrophs?
They are things that use sunlight to make there own food
They make there own food
4.
Why are autotrophs also called producers?
5.
What do autotrophs do during photosynthesis?
The use light energy to power chemical reactions that turn Co2 and water into O2 and carbohydrates such
as sugars and starch
6.
7.
For each of the following, write which kind of'autotroph
a. Land: Plants
b.
Upper layers of ocean: Algae
c.
Tidal flats
and
salt
marshes:
is
the main producer,
Photosynthetic bacteria
What is cheniosynthesis?
organisms use energy to produce carbohydrates
8.
Where do bacteria that carry out chemosynthesis live?
They live in remote places, such as volcanic vents on deep ocean floor
Consumers
9.
(pages 68-69)
Heterotrophs are also called
consumers
and animal remains and other dead matter aré collectively called
detritus
10. Plant
Reading and Study Workbook
29
Name
11.
Date
Class
Complete the table about types of heterotrophs.
TYPES OF HETEROTROPHS
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detritivore
Decomposer
Cows,
rabbits
Heterotroph that gets energy by eating plants
Heterotroph that eats animals
Heterotroph that eats both animals and plants
Heterotroph that eats dead matter
Heterotroph that breaks down organic matter
Feeding Relationships
12.
Examples
Definition
Type
Snakes, dogs, owls
Humans, bears, crows
Mites, earthworms, snails, crabs
Bacteria, Fungi
(pages 69-71)
How does energy flow through an ecosystem?
It flows through an ecosystem in one direction from sunlight to autotrophs to heterotrophs
13.
Complete the table about feeding relationships.
FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS
Relationship
Description
Food Chain
A series if steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
Food Web
A network of feeding relationships
14.
What does a food web link together? All food chains in ecosystem
15.
What is a trophic level? Its a step in food chain
16. In
17.
a food web, what organisms make up the first trophic level?
Producers
oq
What does a consumer in a food chain depend on for energy? Depends on tropic level
Ecological Pyramids (pages
18. What is an ecological pyramid?
72-73)
Diagram that shows energy in a trophic level
Why is it that only part of the energy stored in one trophic level is passed on to the
next level?
Because organisms use much of the energy for there life
30
tri
60
below them
19.
o
Chapter 3
o
Name
20.
Date
Complete the energy pyramid by writing the source of the energy for the food web and
how much energy is available to first-, second-, and third-level consumers.
Heat
Heat
H eat
Heat
Third-level
consumers
Second-level consumers
First-level
consumers
100% Producers
21.
What is biomass?
Total amount of living tissue in a trophic level
8
22.
What does a biomass pyramid represent?
Amount of potential food in each trophic level
0
23.
What does a pyramid of numbers show?
Shows the number of organisms at each trophic level
24.
Why can each trophic level support only about one tenth the amount of living tissue of
the level below
it?
Because it gets less energy from the level below it
Reading
o
0-4
Skill Practice
When you read about complex topics, writing an outline can help you organize and
understand the material. Outline Section 3—2 by using the headings and subheadings as topics and subtopics and then writing the most important details under
each topic. Do your work on a separate sheet of paper.
Reading and Study Workbook
31
Date
Class
Name
Section 3—3 Cycles of Matter
(påges 74-80)
Key Concepts
•
•
•
How does matter move among the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem?
How are nutrients important in living systems?
Introduction
1.
(page 74)
What are the four elements that hake up over 95 percent of the body in most
organisms?
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Recycling in the Biosphere
2.
I
(page 74)
How is the movement of matter .through the biosphere different from the flow
of energy?
3.
Matter moves through an ecosystem in
4.
What do biogeochemical cycles connect?
The Water Cycle
5.
(page 75)
Water can enter the atmosphere by evaporating from
leaves of plants in the
process of
6. Circle
a.
the letter of each process involved in the wåter cycle.
precipitation
Nutrient Cycles
b. evaporation
c.
runoff
d. fertilization
(pages 76-79)
7.
What are nutrients?
8.
What are the three nutrient cycles that play especially prominent roles in the biosphere?
a.
b.
c.
9,
10.
Why is carbon especially important to living systems?
What are three large reservoirs where carbon is found in the biosphere?
a.
As carbon dioxide gas in the
b.
As dissolved carbon dioxide in the
c.
As coal, petroleum, and calcium carbonate rock found
11. In
32
what process do plants use carbon dioxide?
Chapter 3
Name
Clags
Date
require .nitrogen?
13.
What is nitrogen fixation?
14.
What is denitrification?
15.
What role doesdenitrification play in the nitrogen cycle?
16. Circle
a.
the letter of each sentence that
absorb phosphate from the
soil
or from water.
c.
Phosphorus is abundant in the atmosphere.
d.
Organic phosphate cannot move
Why is phosphorus essential to living
Nutrient Limitation
18.
true about the phosphorus cycle.
Phosphate is released as rocks and sediments wear down.
b. Plants
17.
is
ough food webs.
•
gs?
(page 80)
-What is the primary productivity of an ecos
19. If a nutrient is in short
tem?
supply in an ecoeystem,
20.
When is a substance called a limiting nutrient?
21.
Why do algal blooms occur?
how will it affect an organism?
Reading and Study Workbook
33
Name
Date
Class
Chapter 3. The Biosphere
Vocabulary Review
In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each term.
Matching
1.
biosphere
2.
community
a.
collection of different populations that live together in
b.
an
area
5. detritivore
d.
consumer that feeds on plant and animal remains and
other dead matter
process in which water evaporafes from the leaves of plants
combined parts of the planet in which all life exists
6.
biomass
e.
each step in a food chain or food
7.
transpiration
8.
denitrification
9.
biome
3.
autotroph
4.
chemosynthesis
c.
f.
g.
h.
web
amount of living tissue within a trophic level
organism that can capture energy and use it to produée food
group of ecosystems that have the same climate and
total
i.
dominant communities
process in which organisms use chemical energy to
j.
produce carbohydrates
process in which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
similar
10. trophic level
True or False
Determine whether each statement is true or false. If it is true, write true in the space
provided. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true.
11.
A(An) species is a
collection of all the organisms that live in a particular
place, together with their physical environment.
12.
The process in which autotrophs use light energy to make carbohydrates
is
called nitrogen fixation.
13. Heterotrophs that eat
o
both plants and animals are referred to as
c:
carnivores.
14.
A(An) food web links together
all
the food chains in an
ecosystem.
15.
The rate at which organic matter is created by producers is
called the
limiting nutrient of an ecosystem.
16.
Ecology
is
the scientific study of interactions
between organisms and
Chapter 3
same
17.
A(An) community is a group of individuals
species and live in the same area.
18.
Autotrophs are also called consumers.
19.
Organisms that break down organic matter are called herbivores.
20.
The process
in
evaporation.
34
among organisms and
their environment.
which water changes from a
that belong to the
liquid to a gas is called
09