Constantine leaves the Empire to his sons:
Constantine II
Constans
Constantius II
West
Central
East
Killed by Constans
Killed by Magnentius
Killed Magnentius
Constantius II is now sole Emperor
Introduces Homoian Christianity -- an attempt to reconcile Arian and Nicene Christians through
an ambiguous formula.
Constantius II dies before Julian can kill him and Julian becomes the new Emperor
Julian is killed fighting the Sasanids and the army puts Valentinian in power
Valentinian gives Valens the Eastern empire
Valentinian
I
Gratian
(Killed by
Magnus
Maximus)
I
Valentinian II
(Killed, probably by Arbogast)
Magnus Maximus
I
(Defeated by
Theodosius)
Valens
I
Theodosius I
Eugenius
I
(Defeated by
Theodosius)
I
Honorius (West)
Theodosius now has a united empire for … 1 year
I
Arcadius (East)
Stilicho (half Vandal defends the West
until he moves troops to put down the
Goth Radagaisus -- leaving the Rhine
undefended. He is executed by Honorius
I
Valentinian III
(infant Caesar,
Galla Placidia, his
mom, is Augusta)
Gainus (Goth) attacks Constantinople. His
troops massacred by the people. Fravitta
(Goth) puts him down. He flees to Uldin
(Hun) who sends his head to Arcadius.
August 24, 410 -- Alaric sacks Rome
Aetius “last of the Romans” puts together an alliance of Visigoths, Franks, Burgundians to drive
back Attila at Mauriac
454-455 Valentinian murders Aetius and Aetius’ friends get him back a year later. Bye bye
Western Empire.
455 -- Rome is literally Vandalized. Empress Licinia Eudoxia and Valentinian’s two daughters
Placidia and Eudocia taken prisoner. Eudoxia married to Vandal prince Huneric.
9 Shadow or Puppet Emperors and then Odovacar takes over and the Western Empire is
basically done. (Odovacar informs Zeno, the Eastern Emperor, that they are now colleagues.)
Ammianus Marcellinus -- 390s Res Gestae
Aurelius Victor and Eutropius, -- history textbooks
Grammarian Servius -- commentaries on the works of Vergil
Macrobius -- Saturnalia ( lore relating to Roman mythological, philosophical, and grammar.
Aelius Donatus -- Art of Grammar (standard school text in the Middle Ages) Punctuation
Priscian -- Grammatical Institutes (North African grammarian c 500)
400 CE Marcellus of Bordeaux -- On Medications (home remedies)
Vegetius -- On Military Matters, a detailed discussion of military practices.
Eusebius -- Life of Constantine, a Church History, and a massive Chronicle collating all the
events of the human past up to the year 325
Athanasius -- Apology and History of the Arians (latter portrayed Constantine II as the antichrist)
Basil the Great -- On the Holy Spirit
Gregory of Nyssa -- Life of his sister, “Why there are not three gods”
Gregory Nanzanius -- more on the Holy Spirit
John Chrysostom -- complies writings, defends monastic life
Ambrose -- On faith and On Virginity