Jewish, Early Christian and Byzantine Art
Judaism and Christianity "outlaw" religions in Rome
Christianity growing out of Judaism (Jesus was a Jew)
Interpretation of second commandment of Judeo-Christian text
Freestanding sculpture associated with paganism
Imagery OK if used for teaching
Use of syncretism or borrowing of Jewish and classical imagery
Constantine legalizes Christianity in 313 (Edict of Milan)
Constantine formalizes Christian beliefs in 325
Constantine builds the first Christian basilica, Old St. Peter c. 320-27
Santa Costanza: central (round) plan in contrast to basilica plan
Symbolism of the circle
Tombs and baptisteries (birth and death)
Mosaic used extensively to decorate walls, floors, and ceilings
Concentration on decorative pattern and a general "flattening effect"
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia compromises central & basilica
Good shepherd mosaic: retains some classical features
Chiaroscuro
Tilted up ground plane
Shadows
Byzantine Art: Theocracy, Justinian secular & religious ruler
Hagia Sophia: use of pendentives, slightly larger than Pantheon
San Vitale: polygonal, simple outside, enriched inside (metaphor)
Apse with radiating chapels
Extensive use of mosaics
Late Byzantine architecture: emphasis of the cupola (drum/dome)
Icon paintings