The Gulf War (1990-1991):
Iraq invaded Kuwait
A destroyed Iraqi tank
The Topography of Iraq
Ethnic Groups in Iraq
A Young Saddam Hussein
(1937 - 2006)
Born in Tikrit.
Peasant family
with influential
army relatives.
Tribal society.
Joined Baath
Party at 20.
Saddam’s identity card when
he was 10 years old.
Aided in failed
assassination of
Qasim in 1959.
Saddam’s Early Political Career
 After 1963 coup, he was put in charge of
the security service for the Baath party.
 1979  he became president of Iraq
when al-Bakr was persuaded to step
down.
Saddam at 17.
A Cult of Personality
A Cult of Personality
1989 Victory Arch
Saddam’s
Republican Guard
The elite presidential security force.
Oil Fields in Iraq
Gassing the Kurds
Ali Hasa al-Majid
(“Chemical Ali”)
I will kill them [the Kurds] all
with chemical weapons!
A Reign of Terror: Mass
Graves of Saddam’s Victims
“Iraq’s 19th
province?”
Kuwait
Iraq Invades Kuwait
August 2, 1990
UN Security Council Resolution 678
(authorized military force to be used
against Iraq.)
Pres. of Iraq: Saddam Hussien
promised “the mother of all battles”
U. S. Military Leaders
General Colin Powell
General Norman
Schwarzkopf
U. S. Female Soldiers
Everywhere is a combat zone!
Range of Iraqi Missiles
An Iraqi tank bites the dust
Survivors attacked Kurds in the north.
Saddam Lobs SCUD Missiles
Israel & Saudi Arabia:
The fear of bio-chemical
attacks.
President George H. W.
Bush
with General Schwartzkopf
Kuwait is Liberated
Allies Send Iraqis Back to
Baghdad
Iraqis soldiers surrender.
Kuwaitis cheer Allied forces.
“Highway of Death”
400 Kuwaiti Oilfields on Fire
An environmental disaster!
U.N. No-Fly Zones 1990’s
1990s: Iraqi Targets
Kurds have also been victims
of ethnic violence very recently.
Reasons for Going to War
Against Saddam
(according to the U. S. and Britain)
Saddam kicked out U.N. weapons
inspectors.
WMDs  Weapons of Mass Destruction.
Saddam did not obey the No-Fly Zone
limitations.
He was a savage dictator.
Stop Saddam before he can launch
nuclear missiles against Israel, Europe,
or even the United States.
“Shock & Awe!”
Coalition forces attack Baghdad
Allied Advance on Baghdad
Anti-War Protestors
Mohammed Saeed al-Sahaf
Saddam’s Minister of Information
(better known as “Baghdad Bob”)
“Baghdad Bob”
The Dictator is “Toppled”
“Mission Accomplished?”
President George W. Bush lands on board the
USS Abraham Lincoln (May, 2003)
Saddam Is Captured!
December, 2003
The American Soldier: 2003
4486 American Fatalities
Iraq Coalition Military
Fatalities By Year
Year
US
UK
Other
Total
2003
486
53
41
580
2004
849
22
35
906
2005
846
23
28
897
2006
822
29
21
872
2007
904
47
10
961
2008
314
4
4
322
2009
149
1
0
150
2010
60
0
0
60
2011
16
0
0
16
Total
4446
179
139
4764
Thousands of Americans Wounded
Capt. Dawn Halfaker
One of many female soldiers killed or
wounded in Iraq.
Over 100,000 Iraqis Dead!
? Iraqis Wounded!
A Growing
Insurgency
Former Baathists and
foreign terrorists
(Al-Qaida, etc.)
Iraqi Government
A Democracy in Training
Prime Minister Nouri alMaliki
The Scandal at Abu Ghraib
Prison
1/30/05 – The Vote! =
Democracy??
Courage at the Polls!!
American fatalities 4486
Wounded 100,000 +
Iraqi deaths 1.5 million
$803 Billion
Continuing Ethnic
Conflict Will there be a Kurdistan?
•Repressed under Ataturk &
Sadaam
•Will they get their
independence
•Ethnic violence continues
- Will Shia Iraqis get independence?
- Control Iraq?
- Will Iran get control?
U.S. SPENDING ON IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN BY MONTH, WEEK, DAY,
HOUR, MINUTE, & SECOND
(based on adjusted DOD FY 2007 obligations)
Per Month
Per Week
Iraq
$10.3 billion
$2.4 billion
Afghanistan
$2 billion
$469 million
Total
$12.3 billion
$2.9 billion
Per Day
Per Hour
Per Minute
$343 million
$14 million
$238,425
$67 million
$2.8 million
$46,296
$410 million
$17 million
$284,722
Per Second
$3,973
$771
$4,745
SOURCE: Data from Amy Belasco, “The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan,
and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11,” Congressional
Research Service (updated February 8, 2008). Totals may not add due
to rounding.