LIFE SPAN C. Nature VS nurture Genes, cells, DNA= Nature environment= Nurture genes and environment interact with each other Nature and nurture in development Vulnerability vs resilience: resilience: protective factors, born to us with genetics, experience, protects from negative things Vulnerability: witnesses, genetic, behavioral comes to us when we get negative things in life. Vulnerable child in a good environment: good environment= “makes up” for the vulnerability by being nourished, nurtured. -- Child can overcome vulnerability + Vulnerable child in a bad environment: worst outcome for the child ( no support) vulnerability takes over -Resilient child in a good environment: good outcome ++ resilient child in a bad environment: resiliences will overcome the influences of the bad environment= child will be okay. + C. Continuity & Discontinuity in development Continuity: changes that happen with age, develops- quantitatively: amount or degree Discontinuity: changes with age- qualitatively: type or kind - discontinuity, brings changes to priorities Kids, new strategies and skills are brought up - Freud and Piaget discuss it accumulation of small quantitative change= qualitative change puberty - social clock: how a human should live their life ageism: adults looking at older one = prejudicial behavior, judging what they can and cannot do. older people having intimacy reverse ageism: assumptions of what young adults can/can’t do by middle age people Cohort: description of a group of people borned around the same years Baby boomers, hippies/rock and roll, Gen Y, Gen Z Critical period: period where human beings can develop some characteristic of a critical skills, learning a language fully: with environment during the first years of a child Sensitive period: once developped the ability to speak the first language - other languages can be learned Atypical development: difference from a “normal development” that causes harm to an individual. Alcoholic, lgbtq is not atypical= diversity. Theories of development 1. Evolutionary theories - Nativism: focuses on genetics traits= animals Ethology: survival behaviors. Manifests when we are in danger: lack of food Behavior genetics: genes we are born with Sociobiology: genetically programmed to be “social animals” = confort, help from people. More chance of survival when we live in a group. 2. Psychonalytic theories Developmental change happens because of the internal, drives and emotions. The internal drive within us is at the core of this theory. Freud Psychosocial Theory “Born in the 19th century, one of the founders of psychoanalytic school, lived in Vietnam and london in his last days of life” - Behavior: conscious and unconscious process - Libido: sex drive - Personality: 3 part structure - Id: instinctual drive for physical pleasure, motivating force. Sex, fun, food, comfort, entertainment. Born with it and important for survival - Ego: thinking part of our personality, between what it wants. Figures the wants compared to the norms of society - Superego: born with and developped on, moral judge of personnality=norms and values. Develops in relationships (parents, friends, partner) Oral: everything babies touch, goes into mouth. Mother has to seperatesbaby and the breast Anus: how to use the potty, adults that havent vover this stage clean freaks Phallic: getting along with the family Latency: defense mechanism Genital: sexually matured Erikson Psychosocial Theory Believes in internal drive like Freud psychological strength 1. parents provides to baby’s needs and that builds trust 2. Parents let the kid do things on their own, but stay near by to build autonomy - arrogance Humanistic Theories Internal drive: personal motivation to achieve their full potential. Carl Rogers: “strict Christian discipline, confined in it and became atheist, then agnostic: God exists?idk. Finally, understood there is a higher spiritual science higher than science- God.” - focuses on the human capacity to become a fully functioning person, without guilt Abraham Maslow: self actualization is the ultimate goal in human life, we must meet each level from bottom to top. Ultimate goal according to Maslow is to be really good and involved about what we are passionate about.
