Unit 6 Metabolism (Romnea) I. MCQ - A+B+C+energy⟶ABC (Which best describes the reaction above)? a. It is an anabolic reaction. b. It is a catabolic reaction. c. It illustrates cellular respiration. d. It is an exergonic reaction. a. ABC ⟶ A+B+C+energy (Which best describes the reaction above)? It is an anabolic reaction. b. It is a catabolic reaction. c. It illustrates cellular respiration. d. It is an exergonic reaction. - The reaction that consumes energy to build a more complex molecule from smaller ones. a. It is an anabolic reaction. b. It is a catabolic reaction. c. It illustrates cellular respiration. d. It is an exergonic reaction. - During photosynthesis, a plant cell uses carbon dioxide to synthesize large carbohydrates.Which statement about this reaction is true? a. Energy is consumed. b. It is an exergonic reaction. c. It is a catabolic pathway of metabolism. d. ATP is produced. - The synthesis of proteins from amino acids, or of DNA strands from nucleic acid building blocks (nucleotides) are the type of: a. Biosynthetic processes b. Anabolic pathways c. Synthesis of proteins d. Metabolic pathways 1 - When someone says they have a "fast" metabolism, they are referring to the fact that they are able to efficiently break down complex molecules at a higher rate than the average person. Which of the following answer choices best describes someone with a "slow" metabolism? a. Equal rates of catabolism and anabolism b. Low rate of anabolism c. Low rate of catabolism d. High rate of catabolism - Molecules absorbed through small intestine and carried to the cell for use in a. cell respiration b. Energy Metabolism c. Hormonal Regulation of Metabolism d. Fermentation - Glycolysis take place in a. mitochondria b. cytoplasm c. nucleus d. Matrix - Oxidation take place in a. mitochondria b. cytoplasm c. nucleus d. chloroplast - Electron transport chain a. produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH. b. produces 2 ATP and 4 NADH c. produces 2 ATP and 6 NADH d. produces 34 ATP molecules 2 II. Filling 1. Breaking down glucose releases energy, which is captured by the cell in the form of…………………………………………… A. adenosine triphosphate, or ATP 2. ……………………………………..build complex molecules from simpler ones and typically need an input of energy. A. Anabolic pathways 3. ……………………………………involve the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones and typically release energy. A. Catabolic pathways 4. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is the final common pathway in the oxidation of fuel molecules that produce ………………….. A. acetyl CoA 5. A ……………………………..is a system of two reactions linked by an energy shuttle – ATP. A. coupled reaction 6. In aerobic respiration, ATP forms as electrons are harvested, transferred along the ………………………………and eventually donated to O2 gas. A. electron transport chain III. T/F 1. The Krebs Cycle, Glucose is completely consumed during cellular respiration. A.T 2. In the electron transport chain: NADH molecules carry their electrons to the outer mitochondrial membrane where they transfer electrons to a series of membrane bound proteins. A.F: NADH molecules carry their electrons to the inner mitochondrial membrane 3. The rate of cellular respiration slows down when your cells have enough ATP. A.T 4. Enzymes that are important early in the process have an allosteric (regulating) site that will bind to ADP. A. F: bind to ATP 5. This reaction is anabolic, since it consumes energy to build a more complex molecule from smaller ones. A.T 3 IV. Short Answer 1. Two types of metabolism: - Anabolism - Catabolism 2. There are three stages of catabolism: 3. - STAGE 1: Hydrolysis of complex molecules - STAGE 2: Conversion of building blocks to simple intermediates - STAGE 3: Oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A There are three components of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) include : - Ribose sugar - Adenine base - Chain of three phosphate groups (triphosphate) 4. Two types of cellular respiration V. - Aerobic Respiration: uses oxygen - Anaerobic Respiration: does not use oxygen Long Answer 1. What is metabolism? and explain the two type of Metabolism? A. Metabolism is a set of chemical reactions that interconnect in a series of pathways. It is a balancing act between the building and breakdown of molecules in the body. There are two process of metabolism: 1) Anabolism: process of building up complex molecules from simple ones (Endergonic) Example: Production of new body tissues 2) Catabolism: process of breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones (Exergonic). Example Digestion of food 2. When the cell needs energy, it breaks down ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) to ADP (adenosine diphosphate). Explain how does cellular respiration is used to regenerate ATP by three main stages? A. In cellular respiration is used to regenerate ATP by three main stages: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and Electron transport chain. 4 1) Glycolysis: - Glucose (6Catoms) is split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (3 carbons each). - produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH. - takes place in the cytoplasm. 2) Krebs cycle (or Citric acid cycle) - breaks down the pyruvic acid to CO2 (CO2 that you breath out.) - produces 2 ATP and 6 NADH - takes place inside the mitochondria. 3) Electron transport chain - produces 34 ATP molecules - converts the NADH into ATP. - takes place in the mitochondria. This stage 3. How many total amount of regenerate ATP by three main stages in cellular respiration ? A.- 2 ATPs are produced in Glycolysis - 2 ATPs are produced in Citric Acid Cycle - 34 ATPs are Produced in the electron transport chain. Therefore, ATPs in total are 38 ATPs. 4. What is the first stage of catabolism? Explain and give example? Hydrolysis of complex molecules is the first stage of catabolism:complex molecules are broken down into their component building blocks. For example: - proteins are degraded to amino acids - polysaccharides into monosaccharides - fats (triacylglycerols) to free fatty acids and glycerol. 5
