1. Why is there a debate around the world regarding GMO?
GMOs or genetic modified organisms are created by manipulating the genetic material of an
organism’s (commonly crops) phenotype which is also called as genetic modification or genetic
engineering and there is a debate whether they are boon or bane. This occur as pro-GMOs argue
that genetic engineering can be a tool that would help us breed crops that can resist drought,
diseases and insect pests which will result an opportunity to feed the growing world population and
also an opportunity for farmers to have an increased yield. While anti-GMOs argue that crops that
are genetically modified are associated with an increased use of chemicals which are toxic to
humans and the environment and could also result to some damages like contamination to food
and water supplies and increased proneness of crops to diseases which could lead to increased
use of pesticides and further disrupts ecosystems.
2. What are the limitations of gene therapy?
Gene therapy is designed to manipulate genes to treat or prevent diseases. It works by introducing
‘good’ genes or genetic materials into a person to replace, compensate or inactive ‘bad’ genes or
defective genes. Gene therapy involves delivery of new genes into cells through carriers which are
called ‘vectors’. These vectors can be viruses, certain types of bacterias or DNA molecules.
Doctors, in a laboratory setting, will collect cells from a patient, add it with the vectors and then
return the cells carrying the vectors to the patient through injection or IV.
However, gene therapy’s function is limited as it has some disadvantages like potential risks, and
also funding challenges. The possible risks of gene therapy include: unwanted immune system
reactions, targeting the wrong cells, possibility of recovery of the delivery viruses to create diseases
and possibility to cause a potential tumor. Funding and fees for gene therapy are also a limitation
as it is found that the additional funding needed to produce and process the technique into clinical
trial stage can limit its impact while this could also only benefit the wealthy as the fees for its process
is costly.