Winter Trimester Science Final Study Guide
Name _____________________________
Part 1 - Key Concept Review
different
two
one
genes
homozygous
heterozygous
instructions
connect
proteins
1.
structure
The function of a protein molecule depends on its _____________ and how it interacts with other protein molecules.
2. Differences in the structure of protein molecules affect how they ___________ to other protein molecules. This can result in different traits.
3. Organisms can have different ________________ in their cells for a particular feature.
4. ____________ are instructions for proteins.
5. Each gene version provides a unique _______________ to make a specific protein molecule in an organism’s cells.
6. An organism has _____ copies of a gene for each feature.
7. The two copies of a gene for each feature can be the same version (_____________) and provide instructions for only one type of protein.
8. The two copies of a gene for each feature can be different versions (_____________) and provide instructions for two types of proteins.
9. Each parent randomly passes on one of its two copies of each gene to its offspring. Each offspring, therefore, receives two copies of each gene,
_________ from each parent.
10. Through sexual reproduction, each offspring can inherit a different combination of gene versions. Therefore, siblings can have ____________
traits from each other and even from their parents.
Part 2 - Vocabulary Review
heterozygous
gene version
mutation
protein molecule
function
structure
feature
ribosomes
trait
variation
gene
homozygous
nucleus
1. ___________- a characteristic that all members of a species have
2. ___________- how something works
3. ___________ ___________- a specific form of a gene that provides instructions for making a particular protein molecule
4. ___________- having gene versions that are different
5. ___________- a random change to a gene that sometimes results in a new trait
6. ___________ ___________- a type of large molecule that performs important functions inside organisms
7. ___________- the parts of the cell that build protein molecules based on instructions from genes
8. ___________- the way something is shaped or constructed
9. ___________- a specific characteristic of an individual organism
10. ___________- having gene versions that are the same
11. ___________- any difference in traits between individual organisms
12. ___________- an instruction for making a protein molecule
13. ___________- the part of a cell where genes are found
Part 3 - Key Concept and Vocabulary Application
1.
There are two puppies that have the same proteins for jaw size in their cells. The puppies have different parents. What can you say about the
puppies jaw size?
a. They will have different jaw sizes since only offspring from the same parents have the same size jaws.
b. They will have the same jaw size since their proteins for jaw size are the same so the proteins will connect in the same way.
c. They will have the same jaw size since all puppies have the same jaw size.
d. They will have different jaw sizes because even with the same proteins for jaw size, the proteins can connect in different ways.
WHAT TO STUDY AND REMEMBER- PROTEINS WILL CONNECT, THE SAME PROTEINS MAKE THE SAME TRAITS
2. A butterfly has green wings. Its mother has green wings, but its father has colorless wings. Which of these statements explains why the butterfly
has green wings?
a. The butterfly inherited one copy of the gene for wing color from its mother and one copy from its father. Those genes connect together to
make its wings green.
b. The butterfly inherited its copies of the gene for wing color from its mother and not from its father. Those genes connect together to make
its wings green.
c. The butterfly inherited one copy of the gene for wing color from its mother and one copy from its father. That gene combination instructs
for proteins that connect in ways that make its wings green.
d. The butterfly inherited its copies of the gene for wing color from its mother and not from its father. Just like its mother’s genes, those
genes instruct for proteins that connect in ways that make its wings green.
WHAT TO STUDY AND REMEMBER- ONE GENE COPY FROM MOTHER AND ONE FROM FATHER, PROTEINS CONNECT
3. Two rhinos have different parents. They have differently shaped horns. Why do the rhinos have differently shaped horns?
a. Each rhino has a different horn shape because they have different versions of the gene for horn shape that connect together to make
different horn shapes.
b. The rhinos have different versions of the gene for horn shape, which instruct for different proteins that connect in different ways and
make their horn shapes different.
c. The rhinos have different versions of the gene for horn shape. The genes are curved differently in each rhino’s horns.
d. Each rhino has a different horn shape because offspring from different parents will have different horn shapes.
WHAT TO STUDY AND REMEMBER- DIFFERENT FEATURES COME FROM DIFFERENT GENE VERSIONS, PROTEINS CONNECT
Another hack to rule out “tricky” options - GENES ARE INSTRUCTIONS FOR PROTEINS, BUT GENES DO NOT CONNECT
Part 4 - Other
China
GMO
CRISPR
salmon
HIV
corn
1.
A genetically modified organism is often referred to as a _____________.
2. Currently, ______________ is the only genetically modified animal that has been approved for humans to eat in the United States.
3. A doctor in ______________ genetically modified twin embryos to be resistant to ____________ in 2018.
4. The “scissor-like” tool that scientists use to modify DNA is called _________________.
5. ______________ is an example of a genetically modified crop that makes up much of the food supply in the United States.