Name: Joshua S. Cortez; Cyd Laurens S. Narciso Section: 1MBIO1 Part 1. Species Information Species Information A. Scientific Name: Abrus precatorius L. B. Description A woody climber up to 6(-9) m long, stems often attaining 1.5 cm in diameter; leaves with 16-34 oblong, obovate-oblong or ovate leaflets, obtuse to acuminate at apex; inflorescence thick and robust, usually curved, flowers in dense clusters on cushion-like nodes; fruit oblong, inflated, 1-7-seeded; seeds ovoid, scarlet with area around the hilum black, rarely entirely black, whitish or yellowish. C. Distribution Africa, tropical and subtropical America (introduced), tropical Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands; throughout South-East Asia. D. Figures of Descriptive Work Figure 18. Abrus precatorius L. - 1, young shoot; 2, inflorescence; 3, infructescence; 4, seeds. Reference: De Padua, L.S., Bunyapraphatsara, N., & Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (1999). Plant Resources of South-East Asia, 12( 1), 73. 10.2307/41242897. Species 2 A. Scientific Name: Achillea millefolium L. B. Description A perennial herb, (8-)30-90 cm tall, with aromatic odour and greyish-green colour from the numerous small hairs; stem angular. Leaves alternate, clustered at the base of the stem and with smaller leaves upwards, highly dissected, up to 3-pinnatifid, lanceolate to linear in outline, up to 20 cm x 6 cm. Flowering heads (capitula) in a flat-topped corymb, small, pedunculate, varying in colour from white to pink, magenta and red; involucral bracts in few rows, the outer somewhat shorter than the inner, with a scarious margin. Outer florets in each capitulum usually 5, female, ligulate with more or less 3-dentate, patent ligules; inner florets hermaphrodite, 5-lobed, with compressed corolla tube and a receptacle scale at the base. Fruit a compressed achene, oblong or obovate, without pappus. C. Distribution Millefolium is considered as a complex of difficult-to-separate taxa found primarily throughout the 78 temperate and boreal zones of the Northern Hemisphere and, to a lesser extent, the Southern Hemisphere. It is cultivated, usually as an ornamental, in mountainous areas of some parts of Malesia (e.g. locally in the Philippines and in Java), and is locally naturalized there. It grows wild or is naturalized in Indo-China. D. Figures of Descriptive Work Figure 19. Achillea millefolium L. - 1, plant habit; 2, middle part of stem with leaf; 3, upper part of flowering stem; 4, ray flower and involucral bract; 5, disk flower and receptacle scale; 6, achene from disk flower; 7, achene from ray flower. Reference: De Padua, L.S., Bunyapraphatsara, N., & Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (1999). Plant Resources of South-East Asia, 12( 1), 73-76. 10.2307/41242897. Species 3 A. Scientific name: Gastrodia madagascariensis H. Perrier ex Martos and Bytebier B. Description: Slender, leafless, achlorophyllous herb. Rhizome subterranean, fleshy, fusiform, villose to tomentose, 20–50 × 3–7 mm, densely noded; adventitious roots up to 300 × 1 mm. Peduncle erect, 100–300 mm tall, glabrous, dark brown to blackish, with 3–4 tubular sheaths in the lower half; sheaths 3–6 mm long, truncate and with an abrupt acumen 3–4 mm long. Inflorescence racemose, with (1–)3–12 flowers, rachis 10–40 mm long; bracts lanceolate to ovate, acute, 6 × 3 mm. Pedicel slender, twisted, 5–8 mm long. Flowers resupinate, campanulate, spreading; sepals and petals dull brown adaxially, light brown or reddish brown abaxially, blackish brown at apex; lip yellow-orange, tinged with emerald green at apex; two tubercular processes borne on the column-foot emerald green. Sepals fleshy, ovate, obtuse, 12–14 × 7–9 mm, connate for about two thirds of their length except between the lateral sepals where the fusion only reaches halfway, verrucose adaxially, wrinkled abaxially. Petals slightly fleshy, broadly ovate, obtuse, 5–6 × 3–4 mm, adnate to the sepals and forming a floral tube together with them. Lip inserted at the apex of the column-foot, free from other perianth parts, completely enclosed within perianth tube, fleshy, broadly ovate, 7–8 × 3–4 mm, broadly acuminate, papillose; base shortly clawed; margin ascending on the sides; adaxial side transversely wrinkled and bearing two apical incurved ridges which are somewhat V-shaped, the tip of the V lengthening towards the front; abaxial side canaliculate. Column elongate, 6–7 mm tall, narrowed at base, winged distally, with a tooth-like appendage on either side of the column at apex; foot incurved, with a pair of cephaloid tubercular processes at apex; anther subcircular, ± 1.2 × 0.4 mm, broadly rounded at the front; pollinia 2, granular, composed of friable massulae, attached to a shared viscidium; stigma borne on a raised projection at base, cordate. Ovary trigonous, obconical, ± 5 mm long. Capsule erect, ovoid, ± 25 × 5 mm, borne on a pedicel elongating up to 40 cm during fruit maturation. C. Distribution: Madagascar. Gastrodia madagascariensis is only known from Ambodiriana Forest near Manompana. Here, it grows in evergreen, humid forest below 200 m and is more commonly found in the vicinity of the river Manompana and its tributaries. D. Figures of Descriptive Work FIGURE 2. Gastrodia madagascariensis. A. Habit (inflorescence with rhizome). B Detail of rhizome. C. Detail of inflorescence. D. Elongating pedicel. E. Open flower, front view. F. Sepals and petals flattened. G. Pedicel, ovary, column and lip, side view. H. Lip (adaxial) and base of column. I. Lip (abaxial). J. Lip (abaxial) appressed to column. K. Column (adaxial). L. Detail of column apex without anther cap. M. Detail of column apex with anther cap. N. Fruits. O. Pollinia. A–C, E–M from Martos 906; D, N, O from photographs. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B–C, E–F, N, 5 mm; D, 50 mm; G–L, 1 mm; M, O, 0.5 mm. Drawn by A.J.Beaumont. Reference: Martos, F. & Johnson, S. & Bytebier, B. (2015). Gastrodia madagascariensis (Gastrodieae, Orchidaceae): From an historical designation to a description of a new species from Madagascar. Phytotaxa. 221, pg. 48-56. 10.11646/phytotaxa.221.1.4. Species 4 A. Scientific name: Jasminum sambac ( L.) Aiton B. Description: A shrub, untidy (straggling) climbing or lax when young and rooting at the nodes or ascending, up to 3m tall; leaves all 1-foliolate, ovate, 2.5-9 cm x 2-6.5 cm, thin, base subcordate to obtuse or cuneate, apex obtuse or acuminate, margins subundulate, glabrous or finely pubescent on the main veins, with several sunken and bearedd vein-axils beneath; inflorescence a 3-flowered cyme or a many-flowered compact cluster; flowers single or double (in cultivated varieties), with 7-10 calyx segments, 2.5-7 mm long, with 5-many lobes, oval or oblong, 8-15 mm long, mostly white, heavenly fragrant; fruit a black berry, surrounded by the calyx. J. ambac is widely planted and occuring from sea-level up to 800 m altitude. Several double-flowered varieties are recognized, none of which produce fruit. C. Distribution: J. sambac p robably originated in India and was brought to Malaysia and Java around the 3rd century; since then widely cultivated throughout the Malesian region from its heavily scented flowers D. Figures of Descriptive Works Figure. Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton - 1, plant habit; 2, flowering twig; 3, open corolla; 4) detail of stamens and style. Reference: De Padua, L.S., Bunyapraphatsara, N., & Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (1999). Plant Resources of South-East Asia, 12( 1), 319-320,. 10.2307/41242897. Part 2. Catalogs or Checklists Species 1 Reference: International Plant Names Index. (2021). Abrus precatorius L . https://www.ipni.org/n/469605-1 Species 2 Reference: International Plant Names Index. (2021). Achillea millefolium L. https://www.ipni.org/n/2294-2 Species 3 Reference: International Plant Names Index. (2021). Gastrodia madagascariensis H . Perrier ex Martos and Bytebier https://www.ipni.org/n/60469217-2 Species 4. Reference: International Plant Names Index. (2021). Jasminum sambac ( L.) https://www.ipni.org/n/609755-1 Part 3. References Note: References from International Plant Names Index were further classified based from the original source of the database Catalogues Aiton, W. (1789). Hortus Kewensis, or a Catalogue of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, 1, 8 . https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4504 Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species Planetarum, 2, 8 99. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669 Linnaeus, C. (1767). Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae (12th ed.), 2, 472. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68927 Journal Articles De Padua, L.S., Bunyapraphatsara, N., & Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (1999). Plant Resources of South-East Asia, 12( 1), 73-76, 319-320. 10.2307/41242897. Martos, F., Johnson, S., & Bytebier, B. (2015). Gastrodia madagascariensis (Gastrodieae, Orchidaceae): From an historical designation to a description of a new species from Madagascar. Phytotaxa. 221, 48-56. 10.11646/phytotaxa.221.1.4.
