ЦЕНТР НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ТА ВИКЛАДАННЯ
ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ НАН УКРАЇНИ
Словник термінів зі спеціальності
104 – «Фізика та астрономія»
Підготував аспірант
Інституту ядерних досліджень
Національної академії наук України
Кот Олександр Андрійович
Київ 2018
The quarks in the proton are “probed” directly by the exchange of electroweak gauge bosons.
1
Probing
Зондування
2
Gauge boson
Кілібрувальний бозон
These two schemes enable us to investgate separately the efects of the high-density EOS
stfness and of the saturaton property on the formaton of the nuclear halo.
3
Saturaton
Насичення
4
Stfness
Жорсткість
Several of the CBM detector systems, the data read-out chain and event reconstructon will
be commissioned and already used in experiments during the FAIR phase 0.
5
To be commissioned
Здавати в експлуатацію
6
Read-out
Зчитувальна електроніка
Experimental data on such objects are very scarce.
7
Scarce
Нестача, брак
FAIR will ofer the opportunity to study nuclear collisions at extreme interactons rates.
8
Interacton rate
Частота взаємодій
Strangeness and electrical charge can be related to the thermodynamical susceptbilites.
9
Susceptbilites
Чутливість, сприйнятливість
The network is robust against shear viscosity.
10
Shear viscosity
В’язкість зсуву
The physical mechanisms that led to the terminaton of star formaton in these galaxies and
depleton of their interstellar medium remain largely conjectural.
11
Conjectural
Гіпотетичний
12
Depleton
Збіднення, виснаження
There are currently no direct measurements of the amount of residual gas that might stll be
present in newly quiescent spheroidals at high redshif.
13
Quiescent
Нерухомий
A coupling constant or gauge coupling parameter is a number that determines the strength of
the force exerted in an interacton.
14
Coupling constant
Константа взаємодії
An example of a dimensionless constant is the fne-structure constant
15
Dimensionless
Безрозмірний
16
Fine-structure constant
Константа тонкої структури
Two extreme cases can be distnguishedd when only the heavy or the light eigenstate
contributes to the total decay amplitude.
17
Еigenstate
Власний стан
Confdence intervals are computed by evaluatng the test statstc.
18
Confdance interval
Довірчий інтервал
We especially focus on the efects of vanishing density of state at Fermi level in monolayer
graphene.
19
Vanishing
Нульовий або близький до нього
Probing the tme structure of the quark-gluon plasma with top quarks.
20
Probing
Дослідження, зондування
At low longitudinal momentum fractons x carried by the parton, collinear factorisaton may
break down and the efectve feld theory.
21
Longitudinal
Поздовшній
22
Momentum
Імпульс
Proton-nucleus collisions are essental to interpret Nucleus-Nucleus data in order to
disentangle QGP efects from CNM efects in such collisions.
23
Disentangle
Відокремити, виділити
This helicity determinaton can be further strengthened by the use of various discovery
channel leptonic asymmetries.
24
Helicity
Спіральність
Nuclear binding energy is the minimum energy that would be required to disassemble the
nucleus of an atom into its component parts.
25
Binding energy
Енергія зв’язку
In lead-lead collisions ALICE physicists can deduce some propertes of the plasma.
26
Deduce
Вивести
Generally newer versions are the best bet, but you should always ask the Monte Carlo liason
of your working group for advice on what to use if you're not sure.
27
Liason
Зв’язна ланка
We also have to choose the version of the digitsaton and confguraton of the trigger.
28
Digitsaton
Цифрування
Preselecton and selecton cuts for daughter and mother partcles.
29
Cut
Обмеження
Number of primary vertces distributon shows that proton-lead collisions occur with low pileup.
30
Pile-up
Перекриття подій (часове накладання)
The limited precision in the branching fractons of the charm decays is one of the dominant
sources of uncertaintes.
31
Branching
Імовірність реалізації каналу
A preshower detector, consistng of two planes of silicon sensors interleaved with a total of
three radiaton lengths of lead.
32
Preshower detector
Детектор для утворення зливи
33
Interleaved (sandwich)
Перемежований
The neutrino escapes detecton causing an apparent imbalance in the transverse energy of
the event.
34
Escape
Залишатися непоміченим
The analysis is conducted with a data sample corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of
5 f−1.
35
Luminosity
Світимість
Several minimum-bias interactons, as expected from the projected running conditons of the
accelerator, are superimposed on the hard scatering.
36
Minimum-bias
Порогові події
37
Scatering
Розсіяння
38
Hard scatering
Партонне розсіяння
D∗± decay provides a direct measurement of the charm-quark jet charge, which is a powerful
tool to disentangle the W + c signal component from most of the background processes.
39
Jet
Адронний струмінь
40
Disentangle
Відрізняти
Residual QCD background in the electron channel is estmated from the experimental Emiss
distributon.
41
Residual
Залишковий
The fnal state consists of the scatered electron, the proton remnant and a scatered quark.
42
Remnant
Залишок
The main QCD producton process for heavy quarks in ep scatering is boson-gluon fusion, and
this process strongly depends on the gluon density of the proton.
43
Density
Густина
44
Fusion
Злиття, синтез
Nuclear fssion is either a nuclear reacton or a radioactve decay process in which the nucleus
of an atom splits into smaller parts.
45
Fission
Поділ
The HERA ring is located inside a tunnel with a circumference of 6.3 km and
approximately 30 m below ground level.
46
Circumference
Довжина дуги кола
A prototype photon detector design utlizes wavelength-shifer coated plates to convert the
vacuum ultraviolet scintllaton light to the optcal and commercially-produced wavelengthshifing light guides to trap some of this light and transport it to an array of silicon
photomultpliers at the end.
47
Wavelength shifng
Зміщення спектру
48
Light guide
Світловід
49
Photomultplier
Фотопомножувач
The delivered luminosity at ZEUS is determined by measuring the bremsstrahlung process
50
Bremsstrahlung
Гальмівне випромінювання
This efect was expected to be even more pronounced for multstrange hyperons.
51
Pronounced
Виразний
52
Multstrange
Частинка із дивністю більшою за одиницю
Recently, data on the excitaton functon of strangeness producton measured by NA49 have
revived the discussion on the role of strangeness as a signature for a deconfnement phase
transiton.
53
Revive
Відроджувати, оновлювати
The detecton of open charm via hadronic decays requires the measurement of displaced
vertces.
54
Displaced
Віддалений
The non-interactng beam partcles, 99% of all with a typical target of 1% nuclear interacton
length, are guided in a vacuum beam pipe through the experiment and are absorbed in the
beam dump.
55
Beam pipe
Йонопровід
56
Beam dump
Спеціальне місце де “гасится” непотрібний пучок
The CBM set-up is conceived as an experimental facility.
57
Conceived
Задуманий
58
Facility
Об’єкт
Field clamps at the downstream face limit the stray feld into the RICH detector system.
59
Field clamps
Тримачі поля
60
Stray feld
Змінне (вихрове) поле
The STS tracks are linked to further detectors upstream (MVD) and downstream (MUCH/RICH)
for refned measurements of vertces of short-lived decays and partcle identfcaton.
61
Refned
Досконалий, покращений
The MVD adds very high spatal resoluton to the tracking in order to detect the decay
products of short-lived partcles.
62
Spatal
Просторовий
The radiaton tolerance of this technology is one of the highest.
63
Tolerance
Точність, допустиме відхилення
The lack of a general systematc procedure for transformatons preclude many quantum
Hamiltonians from being simulated with unbiased QMC methods.
64
Preclude
Унеможливлювати
Importantly, this robust predicton of quantum critcal points appears to work even for
systems where the Monte Carlo sampling of conventonal observables is plagued by a severe
sign problem.
65
Robust predicton
Слушна оцінка
Recently, neural networks and other machine learning algorithms have been brought to the
realm of quantum and classical statstcal physics.
66
Realm
Галузь, царина
We apply this QMC + machine learning framework to a family of Hubbard-like fermion models
where the competton between kinetc and potental terms gives rise to a phase transiton
between an itnerant metallic phase and a charge-ordered Mot insulatng phase.
67
Itnerant
Перехідний
68
Insulatng
Ізоляційний
An obvious candidate is the auxiliary feld s.
69
Auxiliary
Допоміжний
All of the diodes that were read out gave roughly the same signal, showing no discernible
measurement of fuence.
70
Discernible
Помітний
The ever increasing need for a higher throughput and the move to parallelism in the CPU
architectures in the last years necessitated the use of vectorizaton techniques to achieve the
desired speed.
71
Throughput
Пропускна здатність
The current silicon strip VELO will be replaced by a pixel-based soluton with higher
granularity.
72
Granularity
Сегментованість
A scheme of luminosity levelling has been devised where the beams are slightly displaced
from headon collisions and gradually re-centred during the fll as the beam intensity is
reduced.
73
Devised
Розроблений, винайдений
The total cross secton is several orders of magnitude larger than the bb¯ cross secton.
74
Cross secton
Поперечний переріз
Gravitatonal waves — ripples in the fabric of space-tme — have for the third tme been
picked up passing through Earth.
75
Ripple
Брижжі
An even weirder discovery would occur if bursts of gravitatonal waves were detected coming
from ‘cosmic strings’.
76
Burst
Спалах
The Standard Model cannot adequately explain the observed abundance of mater in the
universe.
77
Abudance
Поширеність
The LHC operators will keep ramping up the number of bunches.
78
Rump up
Нарощувати
In principle latce QCD allows for such a non-perturbatve approach, but numerical
simulatons at fnite density are plagued by serious phase cancellaton problems.
79
Latce
Решітка, гратка
80
To be plagued by
Страждати від
Among the required ingredients of all stellar evoluton codes are the treatment of the heat
transfer in convectve and radiatve zones, the nuclear reacton network, the equaton of
state, the computaton of opacites, and the inclusion of mass loss.
81
Inclusion
Врахування, включення
Massive stars are ofen found in multple systems, and their modelling requires in additon the
treatment of tdal interactons.
82
Tidal
Приливний
Stars are also the progenitors of objects and events of high astrophysical importance, such as
supernova, gamma ray burst, planetary nebulae, and stellar black holes.
83
Progenitor
Прародитель, попередник, джерело
84
Nebula
Туманність
The temperature of the combuston of helium is lowered and the ability of contracton of the
core decreases, delaying the triggering of the 3α reacton.
85
Combuston
Горіння
86
Contracton
Скорочення
The net charge, of course does not depend on such subtletes, but the fuctuaton in the net
charge depends on the squares of the charges and hence are strongly dependent on which
phase it originates from.
87
Net charge
Сумарний заряд
88
Subtletes
Деталі, тонкощі
To address the efect of interactons we have calculated the electromagnetc current-current
correlator.
89
Current
Струм
On the most fundamental level there are quantum fuctuatons, which arise if the specifc
observable does not commute with the Hamiltonian of the system under consideraton.
90
Commute
Коммутувати
These in turn provide a measure of the heat capacity of the system.
91
Heat capacity
Теплоємність
To a good approximaton the system produced in a high energy heavy ion collision can be
considered to be close to thermal equilibrium.
92
Equilibrium
Рівновага
The grand canonical partton functon is given by expression 1.
93
Partton functon
Статистична сума
This has been done in using virial expansion.
94
Expansion
Розклад у ряд
The point is to prove the universality of the infrared divergences, namely, the independence
of processes the same hadron partcipates in.
95
Divergence
Розбіжність
The topology of the vacuum manifold associated to this symmetry breaking
96
Manifold
Многовид
The curvature is a quantty describing how the geometry of a space difers locally from the
one of the fat space.
97
Curvature
Кривизна
Could there be dust in the distant universe making distant supernovae appear dimmer?
98
Dust
Пил
99
Dimmer
Тьмяний
А sphaleron is a saddle point of the electroweak potental.
100
Saddle point
Сідлова точка
This drives an expanding and fast-moving shock wave.
101
Shock wave
Ударна хвиля
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microvertex detector, ISBN 9090187634, Insttute for High Energy Physics, Amsterdam
2. Rong-Yao Yang, Wei-Zhou Jiang, Si-Na Wei, Nature, Sci Rep. 2017; 7d 16695, Novel
halos in light kaonic nuclei as an indicator of nuclear equaton of state at supra-normal
densites
3. htpsd//fair-center.eu/for-users/experiments/nuclear-mater-physics.html
4. Ablyazimov, T., Abuhoza, A., Adak, R.P. et al. Eur. Phys. J. A (2017) 53d 60. Challenges in
QCD mater physics – The scientfc programme of the Compressed Baryonic Mater
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(2015) 2015d 53. htpsd//doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2015)053,Measurement of the W
boson helicity in events with a single reconstructed top quark in pp collisions at
s√=8s=8TeV
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associated W + charm producton in pp collisions at s√s = 7 TeV
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mater beyond the fermion sign problem, 10.1038/s41598-017-09098-0
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Parallelism in the Reconstructon of LHCb and its Upgrade
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