Key stakeholders in the regulatory
and policy assessment on
sustainable bioenergy in Thailand
June 2013
For more information:
Aidenvironment
Barentszplein 7
1013 NJ Amsterdam
The Netherlands
+ 31 (0)20 686 81 11
info@aidenvironment.org
www.aidenvironment.org
Anne-Sophie Dörnbrack
EPFL – Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Energy Center
Château de Bassenges - Station 5
CH 1015 Lausanne
Switzerland
+ 41 (0)21 693 24 99
anne-sophie.doernbrack@epfl.ch
www.epfl.ch
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Key stakeholders in the regulatory and policy assessment on
sustainable bioenergy in Thailand
This document comprises two elements. First (1) Thai key stakeholders are mapped and arranged, according
to influence and importance in the process of regulatory and policy assessment on sustainable bioenergy.
Second (2), a more elaborate list of the different involved stakeholder groups is provided. The figure below
roughly depicts the four categories of Government agencies (G), Private sector (P), Civil society or NGOs (C)
and Researchers (R).
Source: Aidenvironment (2013).
(1) Stakeholder Mapping
The following figure shows an overview of the key stakeholders involved in the regulatory and policy
assessment of sustainable biofuels in Thailand. By using an influence and importance matrix, the figure
1
analyses the stakeholders according to their importance and priority (CDI, 2012). Below the figure, it is
briefly explained what is meant by influence and importance of stakeholders as well as which implication
this has for the classification of the stakeholders.
1
Reference: Centre for Development Innovation, Action Oriented Research Training on October 2012, Wageningen University.
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• G – ONEP/ EPPO/
DEDE/ ERC/ TISI
• G – OAE/ LDD/ ALRO
• P – BioEnergy/ Scania/
DoubleA/ EE/SRE
• C – BioThai/ Earth/
ABMN/ E4E/ AAN
A
Hi imp./
Lo inf.
B
• P – ATEM/ TBDA/
TPOMA/ Shell/
Bangchak/ PTTGE/ Mitr
Hi imp./
Hi inf.
Policy making for sustainable Biofuels
• G – DIW/DEQP
• P - TAIA
D
C
Lo imp./
Lo inf.
Lo imp./
Hi inf.
• G – NESDB/ DOEB/PCD
• P – FTI
• C – GIZ/TCJ/FGS/ FAO/
P-MOVE/TEI/ HPPF
• R – CSI-RSU/ BAUCMU/ JGSEE
Importance
• The priority given to satisfying stakeholder’s needs and interests through the project.
• Stakeholders are interested in the project and converge closely with the project’s objective.
Influence
• The power that stakeholders have over a project, such as to control what decisions are made,
facilitate its implementation, or exert influence which affects the project negatively.
• The extent to which the stakeholder is able to persuade others into making decisions, and following
certain course on action.
Implication
A – Stakeholders in A require special initiatives if their interests are to be protected.
B – The project needs to construct good working relationships with these stakeholders.
C – These stakeholders may be a source of significant risk and may need careful monitoring and
management.
D – These stakeholders are unlikely to have an important role in the project activities or management.
However, they might become more important when the context change in the future.
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(2) List of Key Stakeholders
The tables on the following pages give an extensive overview of Thai institutions that are involved in the countries’ regulatory and policy assessment of sustainable
biofuels, including government, private, civil society, NGO and research entities.
Government agencies (G)
G
Organization
1
National Economic and Social Core planning agency responsible for national strategy formulation towards balanced and
Development Board (NESDB) sustainable national development and balancing economic, environmental and social impacts.
Policy maker
2
Office of Natural Resources
and Environmental Policy
(ONEP)
Policy maker/impact
monitoring
3
Office of Agricultural
Economics (OAE)
4
Energy Policy and Planning
Office (EPPO)
5
Department of Alternative
Energy Development and
Efficiency (DEDE) (Ministry
of Energy)
6
Energy Regulatory
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Brief description
• Prepared 11th National Economic and Social Development Plan (2012-2016).
Agency, under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE).
• Prepares and implements integrated policy, planning and mechanisms for Natural
Resources and Environmental management
• Take part in BioEnergy policy to measure and monitor Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA), Environmental Health Impact Assessment (EHIA) and Initial Environmental
Examination (IEE).
Principal organization under Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MoAC).
• Undertakes economic and social research and other studies
• M&E for agricultural policy recommendations, and agricultural development planning.
• Streamline bioenergy plans into agricultural development plans.
Main institution under the Ministry of Energy (MoE) to formulate the overall Thai energy policy
and regulate Thai electricity prices
• Responsible for monitoring of energy policy and management plans (alternative energy and
energy efficiency).
• Manages oil fund, conservation fund and funds energy policy related research.
Responsible in the MoE for ensuring implementation of Thai policy on renewable energy and
energy efficiency. Tasks include:
• Sets and implements overall policy, includes alternative energy
• Developed the 10 years Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) 2012 – 2021 for
Thailand.
Independent regulative body for energy sector in Thailand.
Key role of organization
Agricultural Policy and
Planning, Integration of
Departments in the MoAC
Policy maker
Policy maker/implementer
Policy maker
• Operates under the Energy Industry Act of 2007. Ensures equal and fair treatment of
consumer, producers and other stakeholders in energy sector.
Government institution involved in Thai policy on energy and alternative energy.
Department of Energy
• Responsible to interact with private sector and ensure implementation of quality and safety
Business (DOEB)
standards
Pollution Control Department Under Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) in charge of Pollution Control. Tasks
include:
(PCD)
• Controls, prevents, reduces and eliminates pollution
• Conserves and rehabilitates environment
Works under Ministry of Industries (MoI).
Department of Industrial
• Monitors operations for efficiency of factories, improve the quality and quantity standard
Works (DIW)
and maintain price levels of the products manufactured at factories supplied to the public.
• Responsible for monitoring environmental impacts from industrial operations
Works as national standards body of Thailand, within the Ministry of Industry.
Thai Industrial Standard
• Promotes and develops industry, maximizing benefits for entrepreneurs, consumers and the
Institute (TISI)
nation as a whole.
• Standardization (i.e. ISO, IEC, FAO/WHO CODEX).
• Develops industry standards, represents Thailand in the ISO
Works under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE), as national
Department of Environment
environmental information centre.
Quality Promotion (DEQP)
• Compiles, develops and promotes use of environmental databases
• Coordinates and formulates plan and measure, to promote and disseminate protection of
national resources and environment.
Works under the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Tasks include:
Land Development
• Establish land use zoning to enhance agricultural productivity, and the provision of accurate
Department (LDD)
and updated spatial data, develop basic infrastructure on land development,
• Increase agricultural productivity and sustainable land use.
• Launch of land use zoning policy that indicates suitable areas to plant cassava, para rubber,
sugar cane and corn on 9 February 2013.
Works under the MoAC.
Agricultural Land Reform
• Conducts land allocation for farmers under the Agricultural Land Reform Act.
Office (ALRO)
• Supports construction and maintenance of access road and water resources, to improve
farmer livelihoods agriculture.
Commission (ERC)
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
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Implementer/impact
monitoring
Implementer/impact
monitor/observer
Implementer
Impact monitor/
Implementer/
Impact monitor/observe
implementer
Impact monitor/observe
Research and policy
recommendation
Implementer
Private Sector (P)
P
Organization
Brief description
Key role of organization
1
Renewable Energy Industry
Club - Federation of Thai
Industries (FTI)
Industry Representation /
Lobbying
2
Association of Thai Ethanol
Manufacturing (ATEM)
3
Thai Automotive Industry
Association (TAIA)
4
Thai Biodiesel Producer
Association (TBPA)
5
Thai Palm Oil Crushing Mill
Association (TPOMA)
6
The Shell Company of
Thailand Limited (Shell)
7
Bangchak Biofuel
Main mission: to consolidate and strengthen manufacturers, through:
• Representation of alternative energy producers in Thailand (Solar cell, Wind, Biomass,
Biogas, Ethanol, Biodiesel and Waste)
• Encouragement of the exchanges of data and information, capacity development
• Technology transfer in all industries
• Recommendation for policies, laws, rules, regulations and procedures.
Representation of Thai Ethanol producers from tapioca, sugar cane and molasses.
• Coordinates agreements with third parties for mutual benefit of Thai Ethanol
Manufacturing enterprises
• Monitors & tracks the movement of the Ethanol trading market (inter)nationally
Represents the automotive industry of Thailand.
• Member of Renewable Energy Industry Club, promoting Ethanol and Biodiesel in public bus
to the policy level.
• Dialogue with government on the use of biofuels / admixture quota
Association of 10 Biodiesel producers.
• Supports & develops biodiesel business
• Information center collaborates with government bodies.
• Participated in setting up of National Interpretation on RSPO.
Supports palm oil industry at mill level
• To produce low carbon footprint CPO,
• Promotes renewable energy i.e. biogas, biomass plant, biodiesel oil.
International petroleum company providing biofuels to consumers
• Dedicated to sustainable sourcing practices, Shell has a preference for robust multistakeholders schemes such as RSPO.
Affiliated to one of leading Thai petroleum companies Bangchak Petroleum Plc
• Focuses on biodiesel production and green energy.
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Industry Representation /
Lobbying
Industry Representation /
Lobbying
Industry Representation /
Lobbying
Industry Representation /
Lobbying
Implementer
Implementer
8
PTT
National Oil and Gas conglomerate, global fortune 500 company majority owned by the Thai
Ministry of Finance
• Biodiesel production by subsidiary PTT Green Energy
• Strong influence on Thai policy making
Implementer
9
Mitrphol Biofuel
Part of the Mitrphol Group, Thailand’s largest sugar producer
• largest ethanol producer and exporter,
Mitr Phol subsidiary. Runs biomass power plants.
International company with presence in more than 100 countries.
• Leading members to support Ethanol-Biodiesel bus project in Thailand together with
Renewable Energy Industry Club.
Part of the Double A Company Group, a leading pulp and paper producer in Thailand
• Producer of Ethanol from Cassava
Producer of Ethanol from Cassava
First biomass power supply producer using the “Gasification” technology
• Produce electricity using agricultural residuals from farming activities and waste wood in
the local communities, to increase income.
Implementer
Key role of organization
10 Bio-Energy Co. Ltd.
11 Siam Scania
12 Double A Ethanol
13 Eternal Energy Plc. (EE)
14 Supreme Renewable Energy
Co. Ltd. (SRE)
Implementer
Implementer
Implementer
Implementer
Implementers
Civil society or NGOs (C)
C
Organization
Brief description
1
German International
Cooperation (GIZ)
2
Thai Climate Justice Working
Group (TCJ)
GIZ is a federally owned German International Cooperation enterprise for sustainable
Technical or knowledge
development with worldwide operations. Since 2013, GIZ has launched the Project Development facilitator/ supporter
Programme South-East Asia (PDP-SEA) -Renewable Energy. The project aims to support the
Thai Ministry of Energy through close cooperation with the Department of Alternative Energy
Development and Efficiency (DEDE).
TCJ was formed by an NGO network in Thailand (i.e. Earth foundation, BioThai Foundation,
Impact monitor/observer
Focus on the Global South, Foundation for Ecological Recovery, Sustainable Agriculture
Foundation and Sustainable Development Foundation), to raise awareness on Climate Change
to the public, including monitoring and giving policy recommendations at the national and
international level.
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Conduct Research and promote bio-agricultural resources and community based farmers' rights.
Focus on solidarity with the Global South. Works in the region on farmers’ rights and impacts of
globalization.
EARTH is an environmental non-governmental organization, striving for environmental and
5
social justice by monitoring, research, campaign and advocacy on public policies related to
industrial development, industrial pollution, hazardous chemicals, wastes, and health impacts
on society, workers, environment, and the society.
FAO helps countries promote energy-smart agrifood systems through the identification,
6 Food and Agriculture
Organization Regional Office planning and implementation of appropriate energy, water, food security and climate-smart
for Asia andthe Pacific (FAO) strategies that spur agricultural growth and rural development.
• Runs bioenergy and food security (BEFS) project in Thailand
• Aims at helping Thailand to design and implement sustainable bioenergy policies and
strategies
Network of communities affected by biomass plants. Main recommendations of the network
7 Anti-Biomass plant network
include:
(ABMN)
• Community managed small-scale biomass < 1 MWT
• Conduct impact study by community and field feasibility study
• Develop zoning or town planning that can mitigate the impacts in agricultural area.
• Support community participation
• Recovery measurements to those who get affected by Biomass
Promotes the use of renewable energy
8 Energy for Environment
• Provide knowledge on renewable energy
Foundation (EforE)
• Research on biomass utilization
9 The anti-government People's Network works to bring justice for marginalized groups in Thailand, including land rights for
small-scale farmers, citizenship for stateless persons, fair compensation for communities forced
Movement for a Just Society
to relocate to accommodate large scale state projects, and housing solutions for urban slum
(P-Move)
dwellers, among others.
TEI is a non-profit, non-governmental, environmental organization that helps to formulate
10 Thailand Environment
environmental directives and link policy with action to encourage meaningful environmental
Institute (TEI)
progress in Thailand.
Works to develop sustainable agriculture techniques based on the local ecology
11 Alternative Agriculture
• Concerns about the impacts of ethanol promotion and contract farming in the sugar
Network – Esan (AAN)
industry
3
4
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BioThai Foundation
Focus on the Global South
(FGS)
Ecological Alert and Recovery
- Thailand (EARTH)
Impact monitor/observer
Impact monitor/observer
Impact monitor/observer
Impact monitor/observer
Impact monitor/observer
Lobbying
Impact monitor/observer
Technical or knowledge
facilitator/supporter
Impact monitor/observer
12 Healthy Public Policy
Foundation (HPPF)
Focus areas:
• Energy Green Health by community participation
• Climate Change
• Public Participation & Health Impact Assessment in Alternative Energy Development
• National Progress Index Program.
Impact monitor/observer
Brief description
Key role of organization
Researchers (R)
R
Organization
1
Biogas Advisory Unit, Chiang Launched the National Biogas Dissemination Program for the medium and large scale livestock
farms
Mai University (BAU-CMU)
2
Joint Graduate
School of Energy and
Environment (JGSEE)
3
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• Stimulate increased renewable energy use and farm discharges.
International graduate education and research school operating as a consortium involving
leading Thai institutions: KMUTT, KMITNB, PSU, CMU and SIIT-TU. Their research expertise
is in the fields of energy, environmental technologies and management. Relevance research area
are follows as for instance,
• Energy and environmental policy and management
• Renewable energy resource utilization and promotion policy
• Integrated environmental assessment of energy, particular renewable energy
• Biofuel production related technology
Lecturer at CSI-RSU.
Associate Prof. Dr. Sitanon
• Research on environmental economics and policy analysis, environmental impact
Jesdapipat
assessment, and climate change policy.
College of Social Innovation,
• Senior advisor for the committee on Environmental Impact Assessment and a member of
Rangsit University (CSI-RSU)
the committee on Biodiversity Policy.
Technical or knowledge
facilitator/ supporter
Technical or knowledge
facilitator/ supporter
Policy maker/Technical or
knowledge facilitator/
supporter