Chapter Introduction
Lesson 1 Classifying
Living Things
Lesson 2 Cells
Chapter Wrap-Up
How is the classification
of living things related to
the structure of their
cells?
What do you think?
Before you begin, decide if you agree or
disagree with each of these statements.
As you view this presentation, see if you
change your mind about any of the
statements.
Do you agree or disagree?
4. Cell wall is a term used to describe the
cell membrane.
5. Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus.
6. Plants use chloroplasts to process
energy.
Cells
• What is a cell made of?
• How do the parts of a cell enable it to
survive?
Cells
• prokaryotic cell
• eukaryotic cell
• cytoplasm
• mitochondrion
What are cells?
• All living things have cells, the basic unit
of an organism.
• Microscopes are
used to view
details of small
objects or to view
things that are too
small to be seen
by the unaided eye.
Photodisc/Getty Images
What are cells made of?
• Cells are made of four types of
macromolecules—nucleic acids, lipids,
proteins, and carbohydrates.
• Cells are surrounded by a cell membrane
which keeps substances inside the cell
and helps protect the cell by keeping
harmful substances from entering.
What are cells made of?
Types of Cells
Prokaryotic cells
do not have a
nucleus or other
membrane-bound
organelles.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other
membrane-bound organelles.
The Outside of a Cell
• The cell membrane is made of lipids and proteins.
• Lipids protect the inside of a cell from the external environment.
• Proteins and lipids in the cell membrane transport substances
between the outside of a cell and the inside of a cell.
Some cells have a cell wall—a strong, rigid
layer outside the cell membrane.
The Inside of a Cell
• The inside of a cell is mainly water.
• This makes it easier for the substances
to move around inside a cell, gives cells
their shapes, and helps keep the
structures inside a cell organized.
• The liquid part of a cell inside the cell
membrane is called the cytoplasm.
The Inside of a Cell (cont.)
• The information that
controls all of a cell’s
activities is stored in its
genetic material, called
DNA.
• The information in DNA is
transferred to another
nucleic acid called RNA,
which gives cells
instructions about which
proteins need to be made.
The Inside of a Cell (cont.)
• Mitochondria are organelles that break
down food and release energy.
• Chloroplasts capture light energy and
convert it into chemical energy in a
process called photosynthesis.
The Inside of a Cell (cont.)
mitochondrion
from Greek mitos, means
“thread”; and khondrion, means
“little granule”
The Inside of a Cell (cont.)
• Proteins are made on the surface of
ribosomes that are in the cytoplasm of
both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
An organelle called the Golgi apparatus
packages proteins into tiny organelles called
vesicles, which transport proteins around a cell.
Other molecules are stored in organelles called
vacuoles.
The Inside of a Cell (cont.)
How do the parts of a cell
enable it to survive?
• Prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a
cell membrane but have no internal
organelles with membranes.
• Eukaryotic cells
contain a nucleus
and many other
organelles.
• Plant cells have cell
walls, chloroplasts,
and a large vacuole.
Which term refers to cells that
have a nucleus and other
membrane-bound organelles?
A. cytoplasm
B. eukaryotic cells
C. mitochondria
D. prokaryotic cells
Which are organelles that break
down food and release energy?
A. cytoplasm
B. eukaryotic cells
C. Golgi apparatus
D. mitochondria
Proteins are made on the surface
of which of the following?
A. cytoplasm
B. mitochondria
C. ribosomes
D. vacuoles
Do you agree or disagree?
4. Cell wall is a term used to describe the
cell membrane.
5. Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus.
6. Plants use chloroplasts to process
energy.
Key Concept Summary
Interactive Concept Map
Chapter Review
Standardized Test Practice
Organisms are
classified based on
similar characteristics,
including cell structure
and function.
Lesson 1: Classifying Living Things
• Living things are organized, process energy, grow,
reproduce, respond to stimuli, and contain cells.
• Living things need food, water, and a habitat.
• Organisms are classified based on similar
characteristics.
Lesson 2: Cells
• Cells are made of water and macromolecules.
• Different parts of a cell enable it to perform special
functions.
Which is a specific environment
where an organism lives?
A. habitat
B. kingdom
C. phyla
D. taxon
What is the branch of science that
classifies living things?
A. biology
B. chemistry
C. taxonomy
D. binomial nomenclature
What is the source of energy for
heterotrophs?
A. air
B. light
C. other organisms
D. water
What is the liquid part of a cell
inside the cell membrane?
A. cell wall
B. cytoplasm
C. mitochondria
D. proteins
Which term refers to cells that do
not have a nucleus or other
membrane-bound organelles?
A. cytoplasm
B. eukaryotic cells
C. mitochondria
D. prokaryotic cells
Which term refers to living things
made of more than one cell?
A. autotrophs
B. heterotrophs
C. multicellular
D. unicellular
Which term refers to the three
groups scientists use to divide all
living things on Earth?
A. binomial nomenclature
B. domains
C. phyla
D. taxon
Which transports substances
between a cell’s environment and
the inside of the cell?
A. carbohydrates
B. cytoplasm
C. nucleic acids
D. proteins
Which is the genetic material that
controls all of a cell’s activities?
A. DNA
B. mitochondria
C. ribosomes
D. RNA
Which capture light energy and
convert it into chemical energy in
a process called photosynthesis?
A. chloroplasts
B. mitochondria
C. proteins
D. vacuoles