Faculty of Engineering
Data communications
Course Name: ……………………
Research Report Title
…..Internet of things…...
Student Name: …Mohamed Gamal Mohamed…
Student ID: …20191821……….
Department: …software engineering…
Section: …SWE…….
Date: 6/6/2020
Page | I
‫‪Research Report Title ……Internet of things…...‬‬
‫‪2020‬‬
‫•‬
‫•‬
‫بيانات تملئ بمعرفة الطالب‬
‫اسم الطالب رباعيا‬
‫محمد جمال محمد عبدالسميع‬
‫رقم الجلوس‬
‫‪2027‬‬
‫الفرقة الدراسية‬
‫الثانية‬
‫اسم القسم‬
‫هندسة البرمجيات‬
‫اسم المقرر‬
‫تواصل البيانات‬
‫اسم أستاذ المقرر‬
‫د‪ .‬أحمد عبدالحليم‬
‫عنوان البحث‬
‫‪Internet of things‬‬
‫تاريخ ارسال البحث‬
‫‪6/6/2020‬‬
‫بيانات تملئ بمعرفة أعضاء لجنة التقييم‬
‫أسماء أعضاء لجنة التقييم‬
‫التوقيع‬
‫أ‪.‬د‪........... /‬‬
‫أ‪.‬د‪........... /‬‬
‫ناجح‬
‫نتيجة الطالب‬
‫راسب‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫أسباب عدم قبول‬
‫البحث فى حالة‬
‫الرسوب‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪-4‬‬
‫‪II‬‬
Research Report Title ……Internet of things…...
Internet of things
Research Report Title ……………………...
Research Report Topics:
1- Internet of things (IoT)
2- Essential IoT technologies
3- IoT applications to enhance customer value
4- Evolution of the foundational IoT technologies
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1. ABSTRACT
Nowadays there is a rapidly growing technology in the world and it's called
Internet of Things (IoT). A lot of companies are adopting there work to use
IoT in the workflow. IoT will change the way that we deal with devices and
also the way that devices react with each other because it considers that
devices will interact with each other, make decisions and solve problems
with itself without the help of humans. This technology is improving quickly
and a lot of researches done about it because it's very popular in this age and
it will leave a mark in the world. In the research, I will discuss what is IoT,
what technologies that it use, what are the applications of IoT, and how does
IoT evaluated.
Key words:
Internet of things (IoT), Radio frequency identification(RFID),
Wireless sensor network (WSN), Middleware, cloud computing.
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2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
ABSTRACT .................................................................................. 4
2.
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................ 5
3.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATION ................................................................ 6
3.1
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................... 6
3.2
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................... 6
4.
DISCUSSION (MAIN BODY OF REPORT) .................................. 7
5.
SUMMARY ................................................................................ 18
6.
REFERENCES ............................................................................ 18
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3. LIST OF ILLUSTRATION
3.1 List of figures
Figure 1: An application for radio frequency application.
Information and the Economic Problem | Brent Johnstone. (2020).
Retrieved 4 June 2020, from https://fee.org/articles/information-andthe-economic-problem/
Figure 2: An example for wireless sensor networks.
Wireless sensor networks: A survey on monitoring water quality
Mompoloki Pule, Abid Yahya, Joseph Chuma.
Figure 3: Representation for the concept of cloud computing
Cloud computing. (2020). Retrieved 6 June 2020, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing
Figure 4: Verizon Home Monitoring and Control network.
Verizon and Sigma Designs Make Smart Home a Reality. (2020).
Retrieved 6 June 2020, from
http://www.koreaittimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=17559
3.2 List of Tables
Table 1. Evolution of key IoT technologies
In Lee, Kyoochun Lee, " The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications,
investments, and challenges for enterprises"; School of Computer Sciences,
Western Illinois University, Stipes Hall 442F, Macomb, IL 61455-1390,
U.S.A. Olin Corporation, Clayton, MO, U.S.A.
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4.
DISCUSSION (MAIN BODY OF REPORT)
1. The Internet of Things (IoT)
The internet of things (IoT), also called the internet of everything or
industrial internet. (IoT) as defined by the information and communication
technology (ICT) is a new technology model envisioned as a global network
infrastructure with self configuring abilities based on standard and inter
operable communication protocols where physical and virtual things have
identities, physical attributes and virtual personalities use intelligent
interface and seamlessly combined with information network.
IoT is the inter networking of physical devices and machines that empower
these objects to interact with each other. The value of IoT for companies can
be detected when connected devices have the ability of communication with
each other and integration with vendor-managed inventory systems,
customer support systems, business intelligence applications and business
analytics.
In 2013 the Global Standards Initiative on Internet of Things (IoTGSI)
defined the IoT as the base of the information society. The traditional field
of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems and
automation systems ate together interconnected to form the IoT. Which
means the Internet of things builds over the revolutionary success of mobile
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and internet network. Even a few decades back, nobody could have
imagined having a video call with their families or friends. But, nowadays
it's just a very normal thing. All of this is because of the wide availability of
internet and creation of devices that are able to connect to the Wi-Fi.
Technology costs are decreasing and smart phones have a big improvement
and are capable to do almost anything with their built-in features. What we
have till now is Internet of computers (IoC) and it has growth in size. As
indicated by Gartner's study, “the world will be a more deeply and
intimately connected place, with an estimated 7.3 billion tablets, PCs and
Smartphone’s, by the end of this decade. By the year 2020, this massively
connected system is likely to expand at even more rapid rate to 26 billion
connected devices around the globe”. Consequently, the rising IoT will have
a colossal improvement these days.
The IoT is transforming business processes, from production line and
warehousing to retail and delivery and store shelving, by providing more
accurate and real-time visibility into the flow of materials and products.
Firms will invest in the IoT to redesign factory workflows, improve tracking
of materials, and optimize disruption costs. For instance, both John Deere
and UPS are already using IoT-enabled fleet tracking technologies to cut
costs and improve supply efficiency. The adoption of IoT is quickly getting
momentum as technological, societal, and competitive pressure are pushing
companies to innovate and transform themselves. IoT has some essential
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technologies used for the deployment of successful IoT-based products and
services.
2. Essential IoT technologies
There are 5 IoT technologies Used which are used for the deployment of
successful IoT based products and services:
1 -radio frequency identification (RFID)
2- wireless sensor networks (WSN)
3- middleware
4- cloud computing
5- IoT application software
2.1 Radio frequency identification (RFID)
Radio frequency identification permits automatic identification and data
capture using radio waves, a tag, and a reader. The tag is able store more
data than traditional barcodes. The tag contains data in the form of
Electronic Product Code (EPC) a global RFID-based item identification
system released by the auto-ID center. There are three types of tags that are
used. Passive RFID tags depend on radio frequency energy transferred from
the reader to the tag to power the tag; they are not battery-powered.
Applications of those are found in supply chains, passports, electronic tolls,
and item-level tracking. Active tags may contain external sensors to observe
temperature, pressure, chemicals, and other conditions. Active RFID tags are
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usually used in manufacturing, hospital, laboratories, and remote-sensing IT
asset management. Semi-passive RFID tags use batteries to power the
microchip while communicating by drawing power from the reader. Active
and semi-passive RFID tags are more expensive than passive. The image
below shows an application for RFID.
Figure 1: An application for radio frequency application
2.2 Wireless sensor networks (WSN)
Remote sensor systems (WSN) comprise of spatially conveyed independent
sensor-prepared devices to physical or natural conditions and can collaborate
with RFID systems to all the track the status of things, for example, their
location, temperature, and movements. WSN permit diverse system
topologies and multi hop communication. Late technologies advances in
low-power integrated circuits and remote communications have made
accessible effective, minimal effort, low-power small gadgets for use in
WSN applications. WSN are used for repairing and tracking systems. For
instance, General Electric deploys sensors in its jet engines, turbines, and
wind farms. By analyzing data in real time, GE saves time and money
associated with preventative maintenance. Similarly, American Airlines uses
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sensors that are able of capturing 30 terabytes of data per flight for services
like preventative maintenance. Figure 2 represents an example for WSN.
Figure 2: An example for wireless sensor networks
2.3 Middleware
Middleware is a software layer intermediate between programming
applications to make it simpler for software developers to perform
correspondence and input/ output. Its feature of concealing the specifics of
various technologies is primary to free IoT developers from software
services that are not directly significant to the particular IoT application. A
complicated distributed infrastructure of the IoT with many heterogeneous
devices needs simplifying the development of new applications and services,
so the use of middleware is an ideal fit with IoT application development.
For example, Global Sensor Networks (GSN) is an open source sensor
middleware platform permitting the development and deployment of sensor
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services with almost zero programming effort. Most middleware
architectures for the IoT follow up a service-oriented path in order to support
an unknown and dynamic network topology.
2.4 Cloud computing
Cloud computing is a model for on-request access to a common pool of
configurable resources (e.g., computers, networks, storage, applications,
services, software) that can be provisioned as Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS) or Software as a Administration (SaaS). One of the most significant
results of the IoT is a huge measure of information produced from devices
connected to the internet. Numerous IoT applications require enormous data
storage, colossal processing velocity to permit real-time decision making,
and rapid broadband networks to stream data, audio, or video. Cloud
computing gives a perfect back-end solution for dealing with colossal data
streams and processing them for the exceptional number of IoT devices and
human in real time. Figure 3 represents the concept of cloud computing.
Figure 3: Representation for the concept of cloud computing
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2.5 IoT applications
The IoT facilitates the advancement of myriad industry-oriented and client
specific IoT applications. Though devices and networks give physical
connectivity, IoT applications permit device-to-device and human-to-device
connections in a reliable and good way. IoT applications on devices need to
guarantee that data/messages have been received and acted upon properly in
the suitable time. For instance, transportation and logistics applications
observe the status of shipped products such as fruits, fresh-cut produce,
meat, and dairy products. During transportation, the conservation status
(e.g., temperature, humidity, sock) is observed continually and proper moves
are made automatically to avoid spoilage when the connection is out of
range. For instance, FedEx utilizes Sense Aware to monitor the temperature,
location, and other crucial indications of a expulsion, including when it is
opened and whether it was tampered with along the way. While device-todevice applications don't really require data visualization, to an ever
increasing extent human-focused IoT applications provide visualization to
show information to end users in an conjectural and easy to understand way
to permit interaction with the environment, straightforward path and to
permit collaboration with the earth. It is significant for IoT applications to be
developed with intelligence so devices can observe the environment,
recognize issues, communicate with each other, and possibly resolve issues
without the requirement for human mediation.
3. IoT applications to enhance customer value
In spite of growing popularity of the IoT, a small number of studies have
concentrated on categorization of the IoT for firms. Based on the technology
trends and literature review, some article recognizes three IoT categories for
firms applications: (1) monitoring and control, (2) big data and business
analytics, and (3) information sharing and collaboration. Seeing how these
three IoT categories can improve the client estimation of an organization is
an essential to successful IoT adoption.
3.1 Monitoring and control
Monitoring and control systems gather data on equipment performance,
energy usage, and environmental conditions, and permit managers and
automated controllers to continually keep track of performance in real time
anywhere and anytime. Advanced monitoring and control technologies such
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as smart grid and smart metering reveal operational patterns, mark areas of
possible improvement, or expect future outcomes and adjust operations,
leading to lower costs and higher productivity. The smart home is known to
be at the front of innovation concerning IoT monitoring and control systems.
The main value propositions are family and property security and energy
savings. For example, the Verizon Home Monitoring and Control network
uses a wireless communications technology designed specifically for remote
control applications in home automation. IoT enabled home appliances and
devices can be observed and regulated outside the user’s home via a
computer, tablet, or smartphone. The Verizon Home Monitoring and Control
network allows users to adjust the lights, control the climate, manage the
security system, receive automatic event notifications, and even lock and
unlock doors. The IoT is also used to monitor and control various
components in cars. The main customer value proposals are drivers’
customized experience and satisfaction. Ford and Intel collaborated in 2014
to discover new prospects to customize the user experience using facial
recognition software and a mobile phone app.
The collaborative research project, called Mobile Interior Imaging, combines
perceptual computing technology to supply enhanced privacy controls and to
acknowledge different drivers and automatically modify features based on
an individual’s preferences. The in-car experience is then customized more
by presenting information specific to the driver, such as his/her calendar,
music, and contacts. The customer value proposals are appropriately
incorporated into the connected car environment to give another profits flow
for Ford. Figure 4 shows the Verizon Home Monitoring and Control
network.
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Figure 4: Verizon Home Monitoring and Control
network.
3.2. Big data and business analytics
IoT devices and machines with implanted sensors and actuators create huge
amounts of data and convey it to business intelligence and analytics tools for
humans to form decisions. These data are used to detect and solve business
problems such changes in customer manners and market situations to rise
customer satisfaction, and to offer value-added services to customers.
Business analytics tools could also be inserted into IoT devices, like
wearable health monitoring sensors, in order that actual time decision
making can happen at the source of data. The IoT and advances in business
analytics now make it possible to capture massive amounts of individual
health data. The IoT allows healthcare service providers to customize patient
care. New IoT technologies offer data about a patient’s everyday behaviors
and health, establishing prospects for care providers to impact patients far
more frequently and effectively. For example, Humana’s
HealthsenseeNeighbor remote monitoring system reports changes in the
member’s usual patterns of movement and activity to Human care managers
via in-home sensors that measure routine daily activities with data analytics
to help trigger involvements and help prevent opposing events from rising to
emergency room visits or hospital stays. IoT-based big data are also
changing the healthcare product industry. For example, Proctor & Gamble
developed the Oral-B Pro 5000 interactive electric toothbrush to offer users
with a smarter, more personalized oral care procedure. The interactive
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electric toothbrush records brushing routines with mobile technology while
providing mouth-care tips along-side news titles. This innovation affords
users with extraordinary control over their oral care. Tests of the interactive
electric toothbrush have demonstrated that when connected, brushing time
increases from less than 60 seconds with a manual toothbrush to 2 minutes
and 16 seconds with an electric toothbrush, exceeding the 2-minute session
advised by dental professionals.
3.3 Information sharing and collaboration
Information sharing and cooperation in the IoT can happen between people,
between people and things, and between things. Detecting a predefined
event is frequently the first step for information sharing and collaboration. In
the supply chain area, information sharing and collaboration improve
situational awareness and prevent information lag and misrepresentation. For
example, if sensors are placed throughout a retail store where fridge is
necessary, alerts can be sent to the store manager’s mobile device whenever
the fridges stop working. The manager can then check the employee status
report to see who is available and send task assignments to that employee via
his or her IoT-enabled mobile device. To develop information sharing and
collaboration with shoppers, Macy’s is deploying shopkick’s shop-Beacon
technology, an improved mobile location-based technology that uses
ultrasound Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). ShopBeacon affords shopkick app
users with customized department-level deals, markdowns, suggestions, and
rewards. As shoppers enter Macy’s, shopBeacon reminds those shopkick app
users who have opted in. This development in Macy’s information sharing
with shoppers allows for increased consumer engagement and advertising
and marketing relevancy that take the lead to better customer satisfaction
and rise profits. In September 2014, following a pilot test of the application,
Macy’s decided to roll out shop- Beacon in all of its 4,000 U.S. locations.
Other major vendors like Target, American Eagle Outfitters, and JCPenney
also associated with shopkick and released shopBeacon in 2014. Because of
competitive pressure, there is expected to be a quick adoption of
shopBeacon at other national vendors, too.
4. Evolution of the foundational IoT technologies
Different types of IoT applications have appeared, and the willingness of
companies to use them is expanding quickly. In accordance with Bradley,
Barbier, and Handler (2013), the IoT will generate $14.4 trillion in value; the
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mixture of increased profits and lower expenses will wander among firms
and businesses from 2013 to 2022. From an industry viewpoint, four
industries make up more than half of the $14.4 trillion in value. These
leading four industries in terms of value at stake include manufacturing at
27%; retail trade at 11%; information services at 9%; and finance and
coverage, also at 9%. Other industries such as wholesale, healthcare, and
education lag behind in terms of value making, with a range between 1%
and 7%. In the United States, $4.6 trillion of value is most prevalent in the
services area. However, in China, $1.8 trillion of value is derived from rapid
economic evolution, mainly in the manufacturing sector. Table 1 shows
projected growth in the area of primary IoT technologies: network, software
and algorithms, hardware, and data processing. The network is the backbone
of the IoT. It refers to exclusively identifiable objects and their virtual
representations in an Internet-like structure. Network technology is shifting
to discreet wire-free communication technology that lets device-to-device
applications to be implemented more flexibly. Network technology is
growing in the direction of a context-aware autonomous network. Objects
depend on software to connect effectively with each other and to deliver
improved functionality and connectivity
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5.
SUMMARY
To summarize, IoT is one of the most important technologies nowadays. As
I mentioned in the body of the research, a lot of companies are going to IoT
and want to implement it in their workflow. Universities and schools should
put some information about IoT in their curriculums to let students know
some information about it and start learning the technologies that it use. In
addition, we should get more benefits from IoT in things like smart home
which will make our daily life much easier. Also researches and
technologists should find another applications for IoT that let us use it and
get a benefit from it more and more because it's the technology of the era.
6.
REFERENCES
[1] In Lee, Kyoochun Lee, " The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications,
investments, and challenges for enterprises"; School of Computer Sciences,
Western Illinois University, Stipes Hall 442F, Macomb, IL 61455-1390, U.S.A. Olin
Corporation, Clayton, MO, U.S.A.
[2] "Internet of Things (IoT) Research Initiative" | Department Of Science &
Technology", 2020).
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