Biology Name: ____________________ Mendel and Meiosis Test Instructions: ​Choose the best answer from the list of options below. Each question will only have one response. 1) The cells that make up the majority of cells in the body are known as which of the following? a) Gametes b) Homologous Chromosomes c) Somatic Cells d) Haploid Cells 2) A type of trait that is expressed even if only one copy is contained in a cell. a) Dominant Trait b) Recessive Trait c) Passive Trait d) Expressed Trait 3) The sex cells of an individual are known as which of the following? a) Gametes (Germ Cells) b) Homologous Chromosomes c) Somatic Cells d) Haploid Cells 4) This type of cell has only half the chromosomes of a normal cell. a) Diploid b) Homologous Chromosomes c) Somatic Cells d) Haploid Cells 5) This type of reproduction allows the genes of both parents to mix in the offspring. a) Sexual Reproduction b) Asexual Reproduction c) Cloning d) Cellular Fission 6) This process is similar to mitosis, but results in four haploid cells. a) Meiosis b) Cytokinesis c) Growth Stage 1 d) Synthesis 7) This type of cell has both copies of chromosomes. a) Diploid b) Homologous Chromosomes c) Somatic Cells d) Haploid Cells 8) Two chromosomes, one inherited from mom the other from dad, that have the same length and general appearance. a) Diploid b) Homologous Chromosomes c) Somatic Cells d) Haploid Cells 9) A trait that is hidden when in the presence of a different allele. a) Dominant Trait b) Recessive Trait c) Passive Trait d) Expressed Trait 10) A copy of a gene that codes for a different version of the same trait (eye color). a) Allele b) Gene c) Phenotype d) Genotype Instructions: 11) Explain the difference between somatic and germ cells (4). 12) Draw the diagram of gametogenesis in the following space (5). 13) Give the ratio of male gametes to female gametes for each round of meiosis (2). 14) Describe the difference between genotype and phenotype (2). 15) Complete the following dihybrid cross with W standing for smooth seeds and C standing for dominant yellow pods. The allele w standing for recessive wrinkled seeds and c for recessive green pods: a) Plant A is WW for height and Cc for flower color b) Plant B is Ww for height and cc for flower color c) Write the genotypes of both parents: i) Plant A: _________ (1) ii) Plant B: _________ (1) d) State how the alleles would be separated into Gametes: i) Plant A Gametes: ______ ______ ______ ______ (1) ii) Plant B Gametes: ______ ______ ______ ______ (1) e) Look at the dihybrid cross below: f) WWCc WWcc WWCc WWcc WWCc WWcc WWCc WWcc WwCc Wwcc WwCc Wwcc WwCc Wwcc WwCc Wwcc Tell me the ratio of phenotypes for the cross above. i) Smooth yellow ii) Smooth green iii) Wrinkled yellow iv) Wrinkled green 16) Explain why crossing over is an important step before meiosis to increase genetic variation. 17) Contrast the processes of meiosis and mitosis. 18) Explain the overall purpose of meiosis and the outcome of meiosis 1 and meiosis 2.
